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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1983

The density of dystopic neurons in the white matter of the gyrus frontalis inferior in epilepsies.

It has been suspected for a long time that developmental disturbances of the brain could be a factor in the causation of epilepsies. The diagnostic term "microdysgenesis" indicates the morphological correlate for this hypothesis. An increase in the number of nerve cells in the white matter belongs to this microdysgenesis. Its diagnosis, judged purely qualitatively, is very uncertain and cannot be clearly be differentiated from normal findings. In this study, the nerve cell density in the white matter of the gyrus frontalis inferior was determined morphometrically. There was a significantly increased cell count in the group with primary generalized epilepsy compared to the control group. However, even in the group with traumatic epilepsy there still a significantly higher cell count than in the control group, although clearly lower than in the group with primary generalized epilepsy. The study supports the hypothesis that disturbed maturation could be an aetiological factor in epilepsy.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

[Epileptic patients in the psychiatric clinic. From twilight attacks to psychosis].

Cases of epilepsy at the University Psychiatric Clinic of Bern during the decade 1968 to 1977 are analysed, and of 203 such cases 122 were psychotic. In comparison to the non-psychotic cases those with psychosis showed significantly more females, more kryptogenesis, more combined hereditary taint with epilepsy and other neuropsychiatric diseases (excluding neuroses and psychopathies) and more alteration of character, but not more intellectual deterioration. Psychomotor epilepsies were over-represented among the psychotic cases. They did not differ from other forms of epilepsy as regards kryptogenetic origin or number of first degree relatives with epilepsy, but this group did contain all 3 cases in our material who had first degree relatives with schizophrenia. The striking similarity between results of stimulation through deeply implanted electrodes in the limbic system and familiar symptoms of schizophrenia is indicated and discussed in this light.

Cognition Disorders↗
PubMed1985

Cognitive development in epilepsy. The relative influence of epileptic activity and of brain damage.

A total of 37 children, aged between 12 and 18 years and resident in an epileptic colony, were assessed in several ways for the frequency of their epileptic discharging activity and for the extent of underlying brain pathology. In addition, the children were evaluated for their level of performance on various tests of cognitive and visuo-motor functions. The influence on test performance of the discharging activity and of the extent of pathology was then compared, taking other factors such as age at onset of the seizures, duration of the epileptic illness and level of medication into account as far as possible. Only two factors, namely certain indices of discharging activity and level of medication, were found to have significantly influenced particular aspects of cognitive performance; it was impossible to document an influence of brain pathology statistically.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

[Computerized tomography in infants with seizures (author's transl)].

A total of 228 children suffering from seizure disorders were investigated by means of cranial computerized tomography (CT). Their age ranged from 3 weeks to 15 years. Structural abnormalities were assessed in 63% of these cases. The greatest incidence of organic abnormalities occurred in children with major epilepsy (83%) and with focal seizures (71%). Clinical data and the course of illness may require additional angiographic and repeated CT investigations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Behavioral management of epileptic seizures following EEG biofeedback training of the sensorimotor rhythm.

Eight severely epileptic patients, four males and four females, ranging in age from 10 to 29 years, were trained to increase 12-14 Hzeta EEG activity from the regions overlying the Rolandic area. This activity, the sensorimotor rhythm (SMR), has been hypothesized to be related to motor inhibitory processes (Sterman, 1974). The patients represented a cross-section of several different types of epilepsy, including grand mal, myoclonic, akinetic, focal, and psychomotor types. Three of them had varying degrees of mental retardation. SMR was detected by a combination of an analog filtering system and digital processing. Feedback, both auditory and/or visual, was provided whenever one-half second of 12-14-Hz activity was detected in the EEG. Patients were provided with additional feedback keyed by the output of a 4-7-Hz filter which indicated the presence of epileptiform spike activity, slow waves, or movement. Feedback for SMR was inhibited whenever slow-wave activity spikes or movement was also present. During the treatment period most of the patients showed varying degrees of improvement. Two of the patients who had been severely epileptic, having multiple seizures per week, have been seizure free for periods of up to 1 month. Other patients have developed the ability to block many of their seizures. Seizure intensity and duration have also decreased. Furthermore, the successful patients demonstrated an increase in the amount of SMR and an increase in amplitude of SMR during the training period. Spectral analyses for the EEGs were performed periodically. The effectiveness of SMR conditioning for the control of epileptic seizures is evaluated in terms of patient characteristics and type of seizures.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1990

Epilepsy after operative treatment of ruptured cerebral aneurysms.

A retrospective analysis of 183 consecutive patients operated on for ruptured cerebral aneurysms and surviving at least one year revealed appearance of postoperative epilepsy in 14 cases (8 per cent) on an average of 10 months (range 0-23 months) after the operation. Factors associated with the development of secondary epilepsy were localization of the aneurysm on the middle cerebral artery, temporary clipping intraoperatively, wrapping technique to treat the aneurysm, and vasospasm seen on the postoperative control angiogram. Intra-operative and/or postoperative ischaemia seems to be the crucial phenomenon favouring the development of epilepsy. Identification of the risk factors may help to focus the anti-epileptic prophylaxis in cases prone to develop seizures.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

An unusual type of primary cerebral hemihypotrophy with signs of dysfunctional neuronal migration.

We describe the neuropathological features of a complex brain malformation characterized by cerebral hemihypotrophy with ipsilateral lissencephaly, periventricular nodular heterotopia and macrogyria. The contralateral hemisphere showed only slight alterations of the gyral pattern and a limited periventricular gray matter heterotopia. The clinical picture of the patient, who died at the age of 15 years, consisted of severe oligophrenia, intractable seizures and left hemiparesis. We discuss the nosological status of this neuronal migration disorder of apparently unknown origin.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Non-convulsive status epilepticus and generalised tonic-clonic seizures persisting in old age in a patient with idiopathic generalised epilepsy: a long-term observation.

Persisting non-convulsive status epilepticus in a man with idiopathic generalised epilepsy is reported. After a first generalised tonic/clonic seizure on awakening one day at the age of 20, the patient experienced rare non-convulsive status epilepticus until the age of 73, when the frequency of the episodes increased, in spite of the initiation of treatment with antiepileptic drugs. No significant cognitive decline was documented when the patient was 83. The existence of such conditions in the context of idiopathic generalised epilepsy shows the problems of syndromic diagnosis and of age dependency of some epileptic phenomena over the course of life with potential bidirectional influences between epileptic manifestations and senile processes.

Aged, 80 and over↗
PubMed2006

Characteristics of small neurons of the reticular thalamic nucleus in WAG/Rij rats.

The aim of the present work was to study the ultrastructure of small neurons in the reticular thalamic nucleus (RTN) in WAG/Rij rats, which are used as a model of absence epilepsy. A total of 24 rats were studied. The brains of 10 rats were used for studies of the cytoarchitectonics and cytological characteristics of neurons, for which paraffin sections were stained with cresyl violet by the Nissl method. Electron microscopic studies were performed by microscope-controlled harvesting of the RTN with fixation in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in phosphate buffer pH 7.4. Small neurons were found to account for 5-8% of all neurons in the RTN. These had oval bodies, sparse and pale-staining cytoplasm, and were frequently located in pairs. The ultrastructure of these neurons was characterized by poor development of cell membranes, branching of the axon close to the cell body, and multiple axon contacts with the body and dendrites. It is suggested that these neurons are short-axon neurons.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Childhood obsessive-compulsive disorder and cingulate epilepsy.

There are no reports of an association between obsessive-compulsive disorder and cingulate epilepsy in childhood. We report the behavioral, cognitive, and EEG findings in a young girl with medically resistant seizures and severe obsessive-compulsive symptomatology. Her scalp EEG and neuropsychological test scores suggested right frontal lobe dysfunction. The intractability of her seizures and progressive intellectual and psychosocial deterioration prompted evaluation for excisional surgery. Intracranial EEG recording demonstrated a focal seizure origin in the right anterior cingulate gyrus. Cingulotomy resulted in freedom from seizures and significant improvement in her obsessive-compulsive symptoms.

Brain Mapping↗