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Results for “Dissociative Disorders”

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PubMed2004

Symptom subtypes of obsessive-compulsive disorder and their relation to dissociation.

We examined relations between obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) symptoms and dissociation in three studies. Studies 1 and 2 established a strong level of convergence between our two OCD symptom measures. Specific types of symptoms showed a clear convergent/discriminant pattern, indicating that they can be meaningfully distinguished from one another. In both studies, dissociation correlated more strongly with checking and obsessive intrusions than with cleaning, ordering, and hoarding. Moreover, these associations remained substantial even after controlling for neuroticism (Study 1) and other types of anxiety (Study 2). In Study 3, we replicated our key findings in a psychiatric outpatient sample, indicating that they are generalizable to clinical participants. Taken together, our results (a) establish a strong link between dissociation and OCD, and (b) illustrate the importance of analyzing different types of OCD symptoms separately.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder following motor vehicle accidents.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the relation between peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in victims of motor vehicle accidents. METHOD: Victims of serious motor vehicle accidents (N = 122) were assessed for peritraumatic dissociation with the Peritraumatic Dissociative Experiences Questionnaire-Rater Version and followed longitudinally to assess acute and chronic PTSD (1 month and 3 months after the accident) with the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R. RESULTS: The most common peritraumatic dissociative symptom was time distortion (56.6%). Subjects with peritraumatic dissociation were 4.12 times more likely than those without to have acute PTSD and 4.86 times more likely to develop chronic PTSD. The risk was independent of risk associated with the presence of PTSD before the accident. CONCLUSIONS: Peritraumatic dissociation is common following motor vehicle accidents and is a risk factor for acute and chronic PTSD, independent of risk associated with prior PTSD.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1993

Splitting phenomena from a viewpoint of experiencing time: spectrum from multiple personality and hysteria to borderline personality disorder.

Splitting is defined from a viewpoint of experiencing time as an 'episodic loss or sudden shift of experiencing time induced by two opposing representational groups'. According to this definition splitting phenomena are examined in four cases arranged on a spectrum from multiple personality and hysteria to borderline personality disorder (BPD). The degree of splitting was most prominent in BPD. In Contrast to the hypermnesia associated with hysteria, that of BPD had the potential to develop into paranoia. Splitting phenomena were considered to operate as a defense mechanism against the development to paranoia. In all four cases it could be seen that the overflow of 'parole', corresponding to the hypermnesia, could not be fruitfully conceptualized due to the splitting phenomena. Assuring new integration was indispensable to the therapy of the four presented cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Clinical presentations of multiple personality disorder.

It is hoped that this discussion of MPD will discourage stereotypic thinking about this condition and encourage the inclusion of MPD in virtually all differential diagnoses. The major thrust of what has been learned about the natural history of MPD is that most patients with this condition spend most of their lives not manifesting their MPD in classic manner. The typical presentation of MPD is the tip of a rather large iceberg. Covert and other nonclassic presentations are much more characteristic. An appreciation of this will help the clinician approach the diagnosis of MPD with a heightened sensitivity to the possibility of encountering it within his or her practice.

Adult↗
PubMed1975

[Atrio-ventricular dissociation].

Cardiac rhythm disorders called atrioventricular dissociation, especially the so-called dissociation with interference have been causing controversy among the cardiologists for a long time. The latter term implies an independent activity of the atria and ventricles, that is in no way connected with an orthograde atrioventricular block, and that develops in the presence of intermittent normal conductivity of sinus impulses. This disorder is always of a secondary nature and it may be due to the disorders in the formation of the primary rhythm, or conductivity of the impulse (passive form), or acceleration of the secondary rhythm (active form). The causes of such atrioventricular dissociation may lie in sinus bradycardia, sinoauricular or incomplete atrioventricular block, compensatory pauses after extra-systoles, atrioventricular and ventricular tachycardia (paroxysmal or nonparoxysmal) with a retrograde atrioventricular block, etc. Examples of ECG patterns illustrating most of the above mechanisms are presented. Due to the existence of several mechanisms that cause atrioventricular dissociation, and due to the fact that individual authors imply different meanings by the term "interference", it seems reasonable to abandon the term "dissociation with interference". In such case it would seem more appropriate to call the state a primary rhythm or conductivity disorder indicating an incomplete atrioventricular dissociation for a proper choice of therapy.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Basal-corticofrontal circuits in schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a controlled, double dissociation study.

BACKGROUND: Several lines of research suggest that prefrontal cortex dysfunctions observed in obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) and schizophrenia (SKZ) are linked to two partially independent neuroanatomic systems: the ventromedial prefrontal cortex and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, with different neuroanatomic connections, including the striatum. The primary aim of this study was to test this hypothesis using a double dissociation study of neuropsychological tasks performance of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. METHODS: We administered the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, the Gambling Task, and the four-disk version of the Tower of Hanoi to 110 SKZ and 67 OCD patients and 56 control subjects. RESULTS: A clear double dissociation of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and Gambling Task performances was found, with SKZ patients performing the Wisconsin Card Sorting test significantly worse than OCD patients and control subjects and OCD patients performing the Gambling Task significantly worse than SKZ and control subjects. Both SKZ and OCD patients performed the Tower of Hanoi significantly worse than control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Results from our double dissociation study confirm the hypothesis of involvement of different frontal lobe subsystems within basal-corticofrontal circuits function in SKZ and OCD.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Re: Dissociation.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Conversion Disorder↗
PubMed2005

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are episodes of movement, sensation, or behaviors that are similar to epileptic seizures but do not have a neurologic origin; rather, they are somatic manifestations of psychologic distress. Patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures frequently are misdiagnosed and treated for epilepsy. Video-electroencephalography monitoring is preferred for diagnosis. From 5 to 10 percent of outpatient epilepsy patients and 20 to 40 percent of inpatient epilepsy patients have psychogenic nonepileptic seizures. These patients inevitably have comorbid psychiatric illnesses, most commonly depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, other dissociative and somatoform disorders, and personality pathology, especially borderline personality type. Many patients have a history of sexual or physical abuse. Between 75 and 85 percent of patients with psychogenic nonepileptic seizures are women. Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures typically begin in young adulthood. Treatment involves discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs in patients without concurrent epilepsy and referral for appropriate psychiatric care. More studies are needed to determine the best treatment modalities.

Early Diagnosis↗
PubMed1999

Combat, dissociation, and posttraumatic stress disorder in Australian Vietnam veterans.

The specificity of various wartime stressors for different posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms is inconsistently reported in the literature. Combat, wounding, and peritraumatic dissociation have not been assessed together in their effects on each of the various PTSD symptom clusters. This cohort study of a random sample of male Australian Army Vietnam veterans yielded psychiatric assessments of 641 subjects. PTSD measures comprised symptom criteria for reexperiencing, numbing and avoidance, hyperarousal, and PTSD diagnosis both lifetime and current within the past month. Logistic regression is used to examine the effects of combat, wounding, and peritraumatic dissociation together on PTSD. Combat experiences comprised four components derived from a principal components analysis of combat experiences: direct combat exposure, exposure to death and injury, exposure to civilian death and injury, and exposure to mutilation. Each was differentially related to reexperiencing, avoidance, hyperarousal, and PTSD diagnosis. Being wounded was not related to lifetime or current PTSD and peritraumatic dissociation was related to all diagnostic components of PTSD in the presence of other variables.

Australia↗
PubMed1977

Multiple personality and splitting phenomena: a reconceptualization.

Multiple personality and splitting phenomena described in the psychoanalytic literature are placed in juxtaposition. A reconceptualization of multiple personality is attempted. It is assumed that the splitting of multiple personality is qualitatively similar to the splitting in narcissistic character disorders and that the genetic antecedents of multiple personality can be traced to the narcissistic phase. Some of the literature pertaining to multiple personality is reviewed, followed by selected psychoanalytic sources referring to developmental issues and pathology in narcissistic character disorders. Material from three cases is briefly presented to illustrate the various levels of multiple personality and to show its continuity with narcissistic disorders.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

How many selves in emotion experience? Reply to Dalgleish and Power (2004).

T. Dalgleish and M. J. Power (see record 2004-15929-012) suggest that J. A. Lambie and A. J. Marcel's (2002) article implicitly presents a unitary view of self in emotion experience and propose that certain clinical phenomena require multiple selves. This reply summarizes Lambie and Marcel's usages of the term self and examines both Dalgleish and Power's gloss of these and their own usages. This indicates that their own central usage of the term misrepresents Lambie and Marcel and is itself an improper usage. More important, examination of the phenomena claimed to require multiple selves suggests that they do not and that Dalgleish and Power may have misread the relevant clinical literature. Finally, Lambie and Marcel's own conception of dissociative phenomena and multiple selves are outlined, and alternative approaches are sketched. In discussing the usages of the term self and interpretation of cognitive and affective disorders, this reply attempts to clarify certain confusions.

Awareness↗