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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Chest injuries transferred to trauma centers after the 1999 Taiwan earthquake.

To better understand the effects of delayed medical care and long transportation times when emergency medical services (EMS) failed after the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan earthquake, we analyzed the patterns and outcomes of patients with chest injuries who were transferred to an unaffected back-up hospital. The medical records of 164 trauma patients who were transferred to Taichung Veterans General Hospital from September 21 to September 24, 1999 were reviewed. Of the 164 patients, 26 (15.9%) had chest injuries. Chest injuries were caused by blunt trauma in all cases. Minor chest injury was noted in 16 patients (61.5%). Mortality developed in two patients, who were transferred after first aid in the field hospital and were in shock status on arrival to emergency department of the back-up hospital. Inadequate resuscitation attributable to insufficient manpower in field hospitals and long transportation times to back-up hospitals are the major problems to be solved in developing disaster plans. For evacuation of overwhelming casualties and for support of medical resources, transportation by helicopter is suggested in aftermath of a large earthquake.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Hurricane Charley.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Commerce↗
PubMed2001

The changing emphasis of disasters in Bangladesh NGOs.

Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world, affected by cyclones and floods, as well as chronic hazards such as arsenic poisoning. NGOs have played a major role in bringing concerns related to risk management on to the national agenda and promoting a shift of focus from mere relief response to disaster mitigation and preparedness. The government has, after earlier scepticism, now accepted NGOs as major partners in these tasks. Innovative approaches, such as the use of microfinance, have been applied; many of which are related to preserving the gains of development efforts as part of rehabilitation. NGOs have pressured for better coordination with government. Improved structures are now approved, but it is still too early to judge their impact. Despite progress, neither NGOs nor governmental agencies have clearly defined roles in the effort to link disaster management priorities. This will ensure that longer-term development efforts build on local capacities and reduce vulnerabilities.

Bangladesh↗
PubMed1976

Disaster procedures report. Report following the Moorgate train crash on 28 February, 1975.

There is no substitute for the use of intelligence and common sense both in the drawing up and interpretation of a disaster plan; for compromise in dealing with other rescue services; for ingenuity in filling the gaps in the equipment with which you find yourself provided; and, finally, perhaps most important, for self-discipline. None of us is indispensible--there are always others equally able to make decisions.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1988

The role of a regional trauma system in the management of a mass disaster: an analysis of the Keystone, Colorado, chairlift accident.

On December 14, 1985, the Teller chairlift at the Keystone, Colorado, ski area collapsed, throwing 60 of the 372 people aboard to the ground from heights up to 50 feet. Initial triage and management of the victims was carried out by the local ski patrol, the on-duty physician at the area's Snake River Health Services Clinic, and by volunteer physicians and nurses present at the scene. Thirty-three people required immediate evacuation to hospitals, most of them being transported 75 miles by helicopter air ambulance to level I and II trauma centers in the Denver metropolitan area. Eighteen of these air-evacuated patients were in serious or critical condition. Less seriously injured victims were treated at local medical facilities. The scene evacuation was carried out by helicopter and ground vehicles in accordance with an existing disaster plan coordinated by the Colorado Trauma Institute (CTI). The unique problems posed by a mass casualty incident in a remote mountain location are emphasized by this tragedy. Patient salvage due to the efficacy of a regionally organized trauma system is clearly demonstrated.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The threat of communicable diseases following natural disasters: a public health response.

Natural disasters, such as the recent Indian Ocean tsunami, can have a rapid onset, broad impact, and produce many factors that work synergistically to increase the risk of morbidity and mortality caused by communicable diseases. The primary goal of emergency health interventions is to prevent epidemics and improve deteriorating health conditions among the population affected. Morbidity and mortality due to infectious diseases can be minimized providing these intervention efforts are implemented in a timely and coordinated fashion. This article presents a review of some of the major issues relevant to preparedness and response for natural disasters.

Communicable Disease Control↗
PubMed1991

Air medical response to the 1990 Will County, Illinois, tornado.

At least 29 people were killed and over 300 injured on August 28, 1990, when a powerful tornado cut a path of destruction through the outskirts of Chicago. The tornado's destructive force began a mammoth rescue effort from over 50 emergency medical service agencies, 80 ambulances, 1,000 rescue personnel, and Chicago's two air medical helicopters. The EMS effort was supplemented by an equally large response from police, fire, heavy rescue, K-9, and other emergency teams across north and central Illinois. Medical mass casualty incident procedures were activated and coordinated through the Will-Grundy Emergency Medical Services System, located at Silver Cross Hospital in Joliet. The towns of Crest Hill, Plainfield, and Joliet were the hardest hit, with more than $200 million in damages. The tornado strained not only the ground-based EMS and rescue systems, but taxed the resources of the city's air medical programs as well. This paper reviews the response by critical care air medical transport teams to this natural disaster.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

The ice storm of the century: how affected hospitals and communities dealt with the challenges of a unique, prolonged emergency.

A huge ice storm in early January 1998 caused severe damage in northern New York and parts of Maine and Canada. The storm, which lasted in some areas for several weeks and is being called the "storm of the century," led to 30 deaths (many from carbon monoxide poisoning); closed roads and schools; downed thousand of trees and power lines; and left hundreds of thousands without electricity. In this report, we'll present details on how hospitals in these three locations which were declared disaster areas were affected by the storm as well as the measures that they and their security departments took to help patients, staff, and their communities.

Canada↗
PubMedDate not supplied

International standards and guidelines on education and training for the multi-disciplinary health response to major events that threaten the health status of a community.

UNLABELLED: The 13th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine, convened in Melbourne, Australia in May 2003, requested the World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) to lead the development of "International Standards and Guidelines on Education and Training for "Disaster Medicine". This Paper has been developed by a Working Group of the WADEM Education Committee ("the Working Group") in response to that request from the international "Disaster Medicine" and emergency health community. The main focus of the Working Group is to develop standards and guidelines for education and training in the multi-disciplinary health response to major events that threaten the health status of a community. The contemporary view is that of a multi-disciplinary health response to major events which threaten the health status of a community, including the prevention and mitigation of future events, and taking account of the broader context in which these events occur. It is the vision of the Working Group that evidence-based standards and guidelines for education and training must be developed in a broad sense, for all members of the healthcare community. Rather than purely describing isolated performance indicators, the Working Group agreed that priority be given to explaining the general approach, presenting the conceptual framework, clarifying important principles, and describing the educational needs and training requirements for situations for which there exist a major threat to the health status of a community. It is not the intent to produce an updated educational curriculum for special courses in "Disaster Medicine" by listing levels of theoretical knowledge and clinical skills required for medical doctors, nurses, and paramedics. Nor, does the Working Group think it is useful to repeat requirements and learning outcomes that are part of the normal basic education and training for the various health professionals. The purpose of this Issues Paper is to present an initial summary of current issues relating to an international perspective of "Disaster Medicine" education and training. This summary has been prepared following discussions within the Working Group of the WADEM Education Committee. The paper aims to stimulate debate and form the basis of further of discussion at an international meeting scheduled to be held in Brussels (Belgium) on 29-31 October 2004. The Working Group has structured this Issues Paper into five parts and has identified several key issues for discussion. Part 1: Understanding the contemporary interpretation of the multi-disciplinary health response to major events that threaten the health status of a community. Issue 1: Definitions and terminology in "Disaster Medicine"; Issue 2: Getting to grips with the contemporary concepts and international trends in 'Disaster Medicine"; and, Issue 3: Valuing personal attributes in "Disaster Medicine" practitioners. Part 2: Developing an underlying scientific framework for linking theory to practice in "Disaster Medicine". Issue 4: Creating a scientific framework(s) for "Disaster Medicine". Part 3: Defining a conceptual framework and general principals to develop "International Standards and Guidelines on Education and Training for the Multi-disciplinary Health Response to Major Events that Threaten the Health Status of a Community". Issue 5.: Where are we now? Getting to grips with the contemporary concepts and international trends in "Disaster Medicine" education and training. Issue 6: Where do we want to get to? Identifying contemporary, evidence-based education and training standards and guidelines for 'Disaster Medicine" education and training programs. Issue 7: How do we get there? Overcoming barriers to introducing the International Standards and Guidelines. Part 4: Maintaining the momentum--improving international collaboration. Issue 8: Exploring the feasibility of an ongoing, international, collaborative network of "Centres of Excellence" in "Disaster Medicine" research and/or education. Part 5: Additional input. Issue 9: What other issues would you like to bring to the attention of the Working Group? CONCLUSIONS: The results of the consultation will lead to the development of international standards and guidelines that will be presented and consensus sought during the 14th World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WCDEM-14) to be convened in Edinburgh in May, 2005.

Civil Defense↗
PubMed2006

News coverage analyses of mental health services immediately after September 11, 2001.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined news coverage of mental health resources after the attacks of September 11, 2001, in order to inform mental health disaster planning and response. METHODS: Keyword searches resulted in a random sample of stories reported in the United States between September 11 and 25, 2001. A total of 10,428 stories combining attack and mental health terms were gathered, and a sample of 438 articles that mentioned mental health formed the basis of this content analysis. RESULTS: Of the 438 reports in the nationwide sample, 35 (8 percent) identified at least one risk factor for developing emotional problems after the attacks, 204 (47 percent) described at least one coping mechanism, 25 (6 percent) provided contact information for support, and 97 (22 percent) cited expert sources. CONCLUSIONS: This exploratory study suggests a need to evaluate and improve the dissemination of mental health information to help the public cope in the aftermath of disasters.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed2007

Emergency blood transfusion services after the 2005 earthquake in Pakistan.

BACKGROUND: On 8 October 2005, an earthquake measuring 7.6 on the Richter Scale struck the Himalayan region of Kashmir and Hazara divisions, killing an estimated 73,000 people. Soon after, a situation and response analysis of the emergency blood transfusion services was carried out in the affected areas to ascertain specific needs and suggest appropriate measures to assist in the disaster plan. METHOD: A semistructured questionnaire, complete with a checklist and participatory observation method, was used to collect data between 12 and 20 October 2005. Study sites were Abbotabad, Mansehra and Muzzafarabad in Pakistan, and interviewees were surgeons and blood bank personnel. RESULTS: Of the seven major hospitals in the area, 3 (43%) had a functional blood transfusion service. Although supply of voluntary blood was abundant, shortage of individual blood groups was noted at each centre. Quality assurance standards were either non-existent or inadequate. Only three blood banks had refrigerators, but with limited storage capacities. A complete breakdown of infrastructure coupled with frequent power failures posed a serious threat to safety of the blood. The continued aftershocks added to the problems. Although initial estimates of blood requirement were high, actual demand noted later was much lower. DISCUSSION: Timely establishment of blood banks in disaster areas, is a challenging task. Mobile blood banks can be advantageous in such situations. Organisation at a national level for blood transfusion services and development of a minimum standard of quality assurance in normal times should ensure safe emergency blood transfusion services when disaster strikes.

Blood Banks↗