Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Contraception Behavior”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Abortion rate and contraceptive practices in immigrant and Swedish adolescents.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To analyze if immigrant girls request early pregnancy termination more frequently than ethnic Swedish girls and, if so, study possible explanations, including contraceptive practices and attitudes. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: All women under 19 years of age who attended a large abortion clinic during one year were interviewed. Out of 126 adolescents, 36% were born outside Sweden. The immigrant girls (37 born abroad and 23 with at least one parent born abroad) were compared to 66 ethnic Swedish girls regarding contraceptive habits, reasons for abortion and social factors. RESULTS: The proportion of adolescents born abroad was larger than expected: 38 (29%) were born outside Sweden, compared to 18% in corresponding areas of Stockholm. The ethnic Swedish girls had fewer previous pregnancies than first and second generation immigrants and had more experience of contraceptive counselling. The most common reason for abortion in both groups was the wish to finish education. Ethnical Swedish girls claimed young age as reason for abortion more often than immigrants; economic reasons and reasons related to partner relationship were also common. CONCLUSION: First generation immigrant girls are over-represented among adolescents who seek termination of pregnancy. This can be explained by the fact that the immigrant girls had less experience of contraceptive use and contraceptive counselling than ethnical Swedish girls.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed2006

Turkish adolescents' knowledge on and attitude toward emergency contraception.

OBJECTIVE: Adolescents tend to be at risk for unwanted pregnancies, so detecting their level of knowledge on emergency contraception and providing them information is important to prevent such pregnancies. Hence, in two faculties at Gazi University, this study aimed to detect freshman students' level and need of knowledge on emergency contraception and to evaluate their attitude towards emergency contraception. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was performed with freshman students of the Occupational Education Faculty and the Technical Education Faculty. A questionnaire including questions about demographic properties, obstetrical history, status of contraceptive use, level of knowledge and opinions on emergency contraception was administered to the students. Data was analyzed statistically with the computer program EPI Info 6.0. RESULTS: A total number of 385 adolescents were included in the studys; 157 of whom were males (40.8%) and 228 of whom were females (59.2%). To the question "is there any way to prevent a possible pregnancy after an unprotected sexual intercourse?", 166 students replied "yes" (50.5%), 39 "no" (11.9%) and 124 "I do not know" (37.7%). Of 166 students replying "yes," 114 (68.7%) listed a possible contraceptive method. The mostly cited method was "morning after pills" (n = 62; 54.4%), followed by curettage (n = 15; 13.2%). Among all students, 158 (49.8%) informed us that they were aware of the presence of "morning after pills" whereas 159 (50.2%) claimed they were not. Eighty-six male students (70.5%) and 115 female students (72%) emphasized that they would use emergency contraception upon necessity. CONCLUSION: Half of the participants were familiar with various options to prevent pregnancy after an unprotected sexual intercourse episode, but they lacked specific knowledge about possible methods and ways to use them. Thus, it is essential that information about emergency contraception be included in adolescents' educational programs and that adolescents be provided with easily accessible medical services.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Context of care and contraceptive method use.

OBJECTIVES: We assessed the relationship between context of care (incorporates insurance status with clinical setting) on contraceptive use among a national sample of reproductive-aged women. Our hypothesis is that compared to privately insured women who receive their health care in private doctors' offices, women who are publicly insured or self-pay and/or receive their health care in a clinic are more likely to use permanent or long-acting contraceptive methods. METHODS: The study population, consisting of 4,358 women surveyed as part of the 1995 National Survey of Family Growth (NSFG) who were both at risk of unintended pregnancy and currently sexually active, was analyzed using polytomous logistic regression. RESULTS: Following adjustment for age, race/ethnicity, marital status, education, income, parity and smoking, there was a trend toward long-acting contraceptive use among women with public insurance or who were self-pay, regardless of clinical setting compared to privately insured women seen in private clinics. Self-pay and publicly insured women of low parity tended to use long-acting contraception, as did privately insured women seen in clinics. CONCLUSIONS: Insurance information, as well as clinical setting, may guide clinicians' contraceptive decision-making.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Rural and urban Midwestern United States contraception practices.

To address a paucity of demographic data on rural United States contraception practices, 370 randomly selected menstruating women, age 13-55 years, living in rural and urban Illinois and Missouri answered interview questions. Women with relatively few children and living in urban areas were likely to practice contraception more than those with relatively few children and living in rural areas, p < 0.01. In Illinois, more rural (23%) than urban (2%) women chose sterilization, p < 0.01. Single status was more frequent in Chicago (41%) and rural Missouri (32%) than in rural Illinois (19%), p < 0.002, and extant research links single status with risk for HIV and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). Condom use did not differ significantly by locale, p > 0.05. Urban-rural differences in contraception practices may be a function of life style choices (e.g. urban women may practice contraception to postpone having children, whereas rural women may practice contraception to prevent having more children after families are complete). Results do not strongly support that locale differences in contraception practices are a function of concern about contracting STDs.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Side effects and oral contraceptive discontinuation in rural Bangladesh.

Using data from a survey on oral contraceptive (OC) compliance in rural Bangladesh, this study examines the role of side effects on OC discontinuation along with other potential predictors. A total of 1403 currently married women aged 15-49 years were interviewed; of these 43% discontinued OCs. Of the women who discontinued, 53% did so because of side effects, which was the main self-reported reason for OC discontinuation. Multivariate analysis revealed that after adjusting for duration of OC use, women who experienced side effects were 1.4 times more likely to discontinue OC use than their counterparts without such experience. Discontinued OC use was also associated with being Muslim, not being visited by field-workers, OC use as first method of contraception, lack of husband's support, and was inversely associated with duration of OC use. Adequate counseling about OC use, emphasizing the possibility of side effects, and better management of them, coupled with improved client-provider interaction and husband's supportive role could help in reducing OC discontinuation in rural Bangladesh.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Temporary discontinuation: a compliance issue in injectable users.

This study examined compliance in injectable users and followed women post-discontinuation to document their contraceptive practices. A cohort of 189 predominantly new users of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and norethisterone oenanthate were recruited and followed for 2 years regardless of whether or not they continued the method. Continuation rates were 42% at 1 year and 21% at 2 years. Of the 78 women who discontinued the method, 31 reported that they were "taking a break." For 20 of these women, this break (nonuse segment) occurred within the 2-year period, and 15 of them returned to the injection before the end of study period. The other five switched methods after the nonuse segment. The mean length of the nonuse segment was 7 months (range 2-13 months). In all 20 women, no other contraceptive method was used, they remained sexually active, and started the break within 6 months of commencing use of the injectable. In addition, 11 women were in a self-reported nonuse segment at the end of the study and stated their intention to return to the method at a later date. Menstrual disturbances were cited as the main reason for the break. Strengthened counseling at method acceptance was identified as a strategy to decrease the frequency of breaks in injectable method use.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Acceptability of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system after discontinuation of previous contraception: results of a French clinical study in women aged 35 to 45 years.

This open, noncomparative study evaluated the rate of premature removals of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) Mirena because of adverse events. To take part in the study, women had to be aged between 35 years and 45 years, and had to change their contraception for poor compliance, poor tolerance, or unfavorable change in the benefit/risk ratio of their previous contraception (oral contraceptives or copper- or progestin-releasing intrauterine device). One removal of Mirena for a wish for pregnancy was excluded from analyses, so that there were 23 removals among 203 women included. The survival ratio was 88.7%, which corresponds to a 1-year rate of premature removals of 11.3%. No statistically significant difference was found between women switched from IUD and women switched from oral contraception regarding the continuation rate (p = 0.640, log-rank test) and the discontinuation rate (p = 0.430, chi(2) test). The main reasons for premature removal were bleeding problems (11 subjects including 2 amenorrhea, 5.4%), pain (5 subjects, 2.5%), and acne (2 subjects, 1%). Two premature discontinuations occurred after accidental removal. The number of bleeding or spotting days significantly decreased from baseline (p < 0.001), and gynecological symptoms were alleviated. Hematocrit, hemoglobin levels, and serum ferritin increased significantly. No pregnancies occurred. Acne and irregular bleedings were the most frequent adverse events. The results show the excellent acceptability as well as the favorable efficacy/safety ratio of the LNG-IUS Mirena in older reproductive age women whatever the primary method of contraception.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Knowledge and use of hormonal emergency contraception in Finland.

We studied the knowledge and use of hormonal emergency contraception (EC) in Finland by mailing a questionnaire to a national sample of 3000 women aged 18-44 years (response rate 74%). Ten percent of the women aged under 25 and 4% of all respondents had sometimes used EC. Unmarried women were more likely to report having used hormonal EC than were married women, and nulliparous women reported more use than did parous women. However, no statistically significant difference in EC use among women with or without previous abortion history was observed. Older women were less aware of EC than of other methods; only one-third of the women aged over 35 knew about this method. Current contraceptive practices were otherwise similar among ever-users and never-users of EC, but EC users more commonly reported using condom together with oral contraceptives or IUD. Nobody reported using EC as her only contraceptive method. Our findings suggest that EC is appropriately used in Finland, but more information about use of the method is still needed.

Abortion, Induced↗
PubMed1999

Failure rates among perfect users and during perfect use: a distinction that matters.

To make an informed decision when choosing a contraceptive, women and couples need to know how effective different methods are when used perfectly, where perfect use is defined as following the directions for use. In this article, we show that unbiased estimates of pregnancy rates during perfect use can be guaranteed only if information on consistency and correctness of use is available for each menstrual cycle. The estimated probability of pregnancy during a year of perfect use among the subset of women who always used a method perfectly will be biased upward.

Contraception Behavior↗
PubMed2003

Postcoital contraception in Turkey.

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this article is to determine the knowledge status of women concerning postcoital contraception when they turn to curettage in order to terminate an undesired pregnancy. METHODS: This defining study has been carried out at a maternity hospital in Izmir on pregnant women admitted for curettage. We interviewed 150 pregnant cases using an improbability sampling method. RESULTS: We discovered that 48.7% of women had avoided pregnancy before curettage by withdrawal before ejaculation. When we investigated the method used after uncontrolled coitus, 27.3% of cases reported vaginal douche while 12.7% indicated curettage. After having an unprotected coitus or failure in contraceptive methods 99.3% of the women indicated they would report to health institutes to utilize postcoital methods if they were familiar with them. CONCLUSIONS: Postcoital contraception may be a solution for undesired pregnancies.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Postpartum contraceptive use among adolescent mothers.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of repeat pregnancy and method continuation rate at 12 months postpartum in young women who chose either depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or oral contraceptives (OCs) as contraception. METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 122 postpartum women younger than 18 years of age who delivered between January 8, 1997 and December 31, 1997. Patients choosing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (n = 76) and OCs (n = 46) were accrued for 12 months and were followed-up for a minimum of 12 months. Main outcome measures were median contraceptive method continuation and the incidence of repeat pregnancy at 12 months postpartum. RESULTS: There was no difference in mean age at delivery (P =.47), parity (P =.84), or gravidity (P =.78) between depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and OC users. At 12 months postpartum, 27.4% of OC users and 55.3% of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users were still using contraception. Median time to contraceptive discontinuation was longer for those choosing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate compared with OCs (17.8 vs 7.4 months, respectively, P =.002). The overall incidence of repeat pregnancy at 12 months postpartum was 10.6%. Among OC and depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users, respectively, 24% and 2.6% became pregnant again, producing a relative risk (RR) of 9.09 (95% confidence interval [CI] 2.1, 39.2) for repeat pregnancy among OC users. The mean time to repeat pregnancy (this was reported instead of the median time whenever the pregnancy rate had not reached 50% at the end of the follow-up period) was longer for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate compared with OC users (17.1 months vs 13.2 months, respectively, P <.001). CONCLUSION: Adolescent mothers using depot medroxyprogesterone acetate injection for contraception have a higher method continuation rate and a lower incidence of repeat pregnancy at 12 months postpartum than those selecting OCs during the same period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Emergency contraception: randomized comparison of advance provision and information only.

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether multiple courses of emergency contraceptive therapy supplied in advance of need would tempt women using barrier methods to take risks with their more effective ongoing contraceptive methods. METHODS: We randomly assigned 411 condom users attending an urban family planning clinic in Pune, India, to receive either information about emergency contraception along with three courses of therapy to keep in case of need, or to receive only information, including that about the locations where they could obtain emergency contraception if needed. For up to 1 year, women returned quarterly for follow-up, answering questions about unprotected intercourse, emergency contraceptive use, pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections, and acceptability. RESULTS: Women given advance supplies reported unprotected intercourse at rates nearly identical to those among women given only information (0.012 versus 0.016 acts per month). Among those who did have unprotected intercourse, however, supply recipients were nearly twice as likely (79% versus 44%) to have taken emergency contraception, although numbers were too small to permit statistically significant inferences. No women used emergency contraception more than once during the study, even though everyone in the advance-supplies group had extra doses available. All women found knowing about emergency contraception useful, and all those receiving only information wished they had received supplies as well. CONCLUSION: Multiple emergency contraception doses supplied in advance did not tempt condom users to risk unprotected intercourse. After unprotected intercourse, however, those with pills on hand used them more often. Women found advance provision useful.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or oral contraception in postpartum adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To compare rates of method continuation and repeat pregnancy among postpartum adolescents selecting depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or oral contraceptives (OCs). METHODS: A retrospective study of 161 adolescents aged 19 years and younger who gave birth at an urban teaching hospital between May 1, 1994, and April 30, 1995, returned to the hospital's family planning clinic within 14 weeks of delivery and chose depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (n=111, 69%), or OC (n=50, 31%) as their postpartum contraceptive method. Most subjects were black (99%), single (97%), and on medical assistance (85%). Data were gathered 12-18 months postpartum (mean+/-standard deviation [SD] 14.5+/-1.6 months) by telephone interview and medical record review. The main outcome measures were method continuation and repeat pregnancy. RESULTS: The mean (+/-SD) age at delivery was 17.8+/-1.4 years. Variables differentiating subjects selecting depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or OC included multiparity (34% versus 12%, P < .05), mean age at first pregnancy (15.9 versus 16.6 years, P < .05), and mean age at first delivery (16.1 versus 16.9 years, P < .05). The survival curves for depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and OC continuation differed significantly (median duration of use 8.1 versus 5.4 months, respectively), but the continuation rates at 12 months were similar (34% versus 32%). The survival curves for repeat pregnancy among subjects selecting depot medroxyprogesterone acetate differed significantly from curves of those choosing OC, with repeat pregnancy rates of 15% and 36% by 15 months. Postpartum selection of OC was the only variable entering a Cox regression model designed to predict repeat pregnancy (relative risk 3.0, 95% confidence interval 1.4, 6.7). CONCLUSION: Adolescent mothers choosing depot medroxyprogesterone acetate or OC immediately postpartum face similarly high rates of method discontinuation and repeat pregnancy within 1 year.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Awareness and practice of contraception among female students at the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu.

A study of the knowledge, attitudes to and practice of contraception among the female students at the Institute of Management and Technology (IMT), Enugu, was carried out, involving 266 female students out of a total female student population of 1,510. The mean age of the population sample was 19.1 years and 254 (95%) were single. Ninety-six percent were aware of the availability of contraceptives. Knowledge relating to the practice of contraception was superficial since as many as 61% of the objectors believed that contraception subsequently led to infertility. One hundred and thirty (49%) of the studied population had used one form of contraception or another sometime in their lives. Seventy-six percent had not used any contraception for initial intercourse. The rhythm method followed by the barrier method were the most popular forms of contraception. Practice of contraception by the studied population was inconsistent as 21% of the students eventually had an unwanted pregnancy and 18% had an induced abortion. Health education is strongly recommended to our women folk in order to reduce the high incidence of unwanted pregnancy and its associated medical and social complications.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1999

Balancing effectiveness, side-effects and work: women's perceptions and experiences with modern contraceptive technology in Cambodia.

This community-based study presents the results of 17 focus-group discussions primarily among poor married women of reproductive age in urban and rural Cambodia regarding their experiences with modern contraceptive methods and their preferences for different technical attributes, including effectiveness, mode of administration, secrecy and rapid return of fertility. Key findings indicate that women who use modern contraceptive technologies desire highly effective methods of birth control. Cambodian women are primarily interested in longer-acting methods, view weight gain positively and are less concerned about a rapid return to fertility upon discontinuation of a method or secrecy from their partners. Women report a high level of side-effects as well as a high level of individual variation between side-effects and each modern contraceptive method used. Women with more knowledge and experience of modern contraceptive technologies alter their preference for highly effective methods based on a method's perceived suitability. Specifically, women may switch from a modern method associated with negative side-effects to a lesser effective traditional method, either to take a break from unwanted side-effects or discontinue modern methods altogether, if another suitable method is unavailable. These and other findings point to the need for greater development and choice of contraceptive methods with different technical attributes; improved information that clearly and simply describes how each method works within a women's body and its expected side-effects; improved access to reproductive health services; and improved assessment of women's underlying burden of reproductive illness not directly associated with modern contraceptives.

Adult↗