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PubMed1989

Persistent ectopic syndrome.

Persistent ectopic syndrome is a complication of conservative surgery for tubal pregnancy. This study is directed toward the escalating conservatism in the treatment of tubal ectopic pregnancy and its possible sequelae. Residual trophoblast propagation after initial surgery is becoming more frequent. Two cases are reported. The first woman was admitted with an acute abdomen; salpingectomy was performed to control hemorrhage from tubal rupture at the site of the previous salpingostomy. The second woman was treated by fimbrial expression. Because of the recurrence of pain, the beta human chorionic gonadotropin (BHCG) levels were measured; they indicated fresh trophoblastic activity. She was treated with methotrexate orally, 10 mg/d for 5 days. The need for BHCG surveillance of conservatively managed tubal ectopic pregnancy is stressed. The value of using methotrexate when tubal integrity persists is discussed in the light of its traditional role against trophoblastic tumours.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Moral beliefs of physicians, medical students, clergy, and lay public concerning AIDS.

A questionnaire was developed to assess religiously based moral beliefs about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. The questionnaire was administered to a group of primarily black physicians, a selection of freshman medical students, two groups of clergy representing contrasting philosophical orientations, a group of young urban black and white attendees of a black cultural event, and two groups of older whites from rural Tennessee who were attending health fairs. Other attitudes about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome and related issues were also assessed. Results showed that 40% to 70% of rural whites strongly endorsed the idea that acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is a product of "divine intervention" or "divine retribution." More than half attributed the epidemic to a fulfillment of biblical prophecy. Two of five conservative clergy strongly agreed with the idea of divine intervention, whereas only one in 20 liberal clergy concurred. Approximately one in 10 physicians endorsed these propositions. The responses of freshman medical students were strikingly similar to those of physicians, except that less than half as many believed acquired immunodeficiency syndrome represents the fulfillment of a biblical prophecy. Physicians were remarkably similar to rural whites and conservative clergy in their distrust of the experts concerning the potential contagion of human immunodeficiency virus. When responses to several key items on the questionnaire were combined to create a measure of "conservatism," mean total scores differentiated all groups in the manner predicted. We conclude that religiously based moral beliefs about acquired immunodeficiency syndrome can have dangerous implications for the treatment of its victims by society and its caregivers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The tRNA anticodon is recognized by aminoacyl-tRNA-synthetase].

Data concerning the regions of tRNA molecules recognized by cognate aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and obtained recently by the new methods (the synthesis of mutant tRNA genes and their transcription in vitro, chimeric suppressor tRNA, RNA engineering) are briefly discussed. The results of several laboratories are in full agreement with the hypothesis proposed earlier on the role of a tRNA anticodon as a specific region by which the enzyme identifies various tRNAs. More than half of tRNAs belong to the group recognized by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases by this mechanism. The behavior of natural and artificially constructed tRNAs which contain modified anticodons, but conserve amino acid specificity in the reaction of aminoacylation, indicates that in some tRNAs the role of the anticodon in the tRNA identity is minor if any. This group of tRNA is recognized by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases predominantly via the double helical region of the molecule. The authors discuss the significance of the absence of topographic conservatism in the mechanism by which tRNAs are recognized by the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.

Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases↗
PubMed1989

[The mirror as a possibility of participation in routine gynecologic examination: effects on the psychological status of the female].

The effect of active participation by means of a hand-mirror during gynecological examination was investigated in that three groups were formed: one that wanted and got the mirror, one that wanted the mirror but was not given it and thirdly refusers. The mirror leads to significantly greater satisfaction, which however does not override preexisting attitudes concerning one's body and sexuality as well as the image of the doctor. In that respect acceptance or refusal of the mirror reflects in some ways the open-mindedness or conservatism of the patients.

Body Image↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary structure of the 5.8S gene of rRNA and internal transcribed spacers of rDNA in diploid wheat Triticum urartu thum. ex. gandil].

Nucleotide sequences of 5.8S rRNA gene and rDNA internal transcribed spacers ITS-1 and ITS-2 were determined in diploid wheat Triticum urartu. It was shown that 5.8S rRNA gene of this wheat species consists of 163 base pairs and GC-content is 59.5%. When comparing 5.8S rRNA sequences in diploid wheat, rice and lupine and also 5.8S rRNA in hexaploid wheat and horse beans a high evolutional conservatism of its structure was revealed. The size of ITS-1 and ITS-2 in Tr. urartu is 219 and 225 base pairs long correspondingly. While comparing structures of similar rDNA regions of Tr. urartu, rice and maize a high level of homology was found only between nucleotides adjoining genes of high molecular rRNAs. In ITS-1 of Tr. urartu an insertion of 5'-GACGACGACATTGTCCGTC-3' was found, which is absent in maize and rice.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Role of the code redundancy in determining cotranslational protein folding].

It has been demonstrated earlier in our laboratory that rare codon clusters can determine the boundaries of the polypeptide chain fragments of the same secondary structure type during the co-translational protein folding. According to this data, co-translational protein folding can occur under condition of a correlation between the frequency of codon choice in mRNAs and the relative abundance of their isoaccepting tRNAs. The alterations in the spectrum and concentrations of the isoaccepting tRNAs in different cells were demonstrated by many authors. The existence of a mechanism of the coordinate regulation of the levels (activities) of the isoaccepting tRNAs, corresponding aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and mRNAs predominantly translated at a given moment of time can be suggested. Such a mechanism can ensure the needed accuracy of the protein folding process. Analysis of gene sequences of various pro- and eukaryotic organisms carried out in the present work revealed that the codon usage frequency spectra of simultaneously synthesized proteins are similar. The relative appearance of the most rare and frequent codons in investigated gene sequences displays a high degree of conservatism. It has also been found that structural-homologous proteins from different organisms (cytochromes c, myoglobins) have very similar codon frequency distribution profiles. This property retains despite the significant variations in the codon usage spectra in the investigated gene sequences. The data obtained indicate that the codon distribution in mRNAs whose diversity is mainly conditioned by the genetic code redundance is a program that determines translational rates of different mRNA parts thus controlling the spatial folding of the synthesized peptide chain.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Age considerations in acoustic neuroma surgery: the horns of a dilemma.

Experience has shown that early removal of acoustic tumors results in less morbidity because the rate of surgical complications increases with tumor size. Nevertheless, acoustic tumors are benign and grow slowly--facts that support conservatism in elderly patients. We managed 21 patients with acoustic tumors over the age of 65. Eleven patients underwent immediate surgical excision. Ten patients were monitored clinically and with serial magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomographic (CT) scans. To date, two of these patients have required surgical excision because of continued tumor growth. Our experience managing these patients both surgically and with "watchful waiting" is the subject of this report.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nucleotide sequences of 5S rRNA genes of polyploid species of wheat and Aegilops species].

Primary structures of 5S rRNA genes and of non-transcribed spacers between them were determined in families of 5S DNA repeats 420 and 500 b.p. long in 8 wheat and Aegilops species. The high conservatism of sequences coding for 5S rRNA, 3'- and 5'-ends of non-transcribed spacers was shown not to depend on the evolutional position, ploidy level and genomic composition of species. The activity of transcription of 5S rRNA cloned genes was determined in vitro. The functional heterogeneity was revealed in each family of repeats due to the existence of exchanges of separate nucleotides within the internal transcription control region. A greater deficiency of CpG dinucleotide was revealed in 5S rRNA genes than in non-transcribed spacers.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1989

[Comprehensive classification and surgical treatment of injury of the thoracolumbar spine].

Based on the theory of three-column of spine and in combination with the findings on CT scannings, particularly the status of the spinal canal, of 47 patients sustained trauma of thoracolumbar spine, a comprehensive classification has been proposed and described in the paper. 26 patients out of the 47, who had had signs of neurological damage and spinal instability, were operated upon and their spines were stabilized with Harrington-Luque instrumentation. 14 of the patients treated operatively enjoyed, at the time of follow-up, the satisfactory result. We have been convinced that this comprehensive classification serves as a very good guidance in selection the procedure of treatment, operation or conservatism, and in predicting prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Somatic hypermutagenesis in immunoglobulin genes. II. Properties of somatic mutations and clonal selection].

Analysis of the collection of 203 somatic mutations in immunoglobulin genes was carried out. It was shown, that the high frequency of these mutations in CDRs of V-genes may be connected with the high concentration of repeats in these regions. In addition, the observed clusterization of mutations may emerge from simultaneous correction of several pertubations of complementarity in the heteroduplex, formed by the repeat regions. It was revealed, that somatic mutations in FRs are characterized by reliably smaller changes of some important amino acid physical-chemical properties than in CDRs. These data obviously indicate the occurrence of B-lymphocytes clonal selection. Analysis of synonymous substitutions has shown, that stabilizing selection seems to provide the conservatism of FRs (it leads to the conservation of the protein three-dimensional structure) and movement selection may provide the proliferation of B-lymphocytes with considerable changes in CDRs, if these mutations improve antigens binding. Preferential fixation of transitions in comparison with transversions, particularly expressed in FRs, may also be connected with the fact, that transitions lead to smaller changes of amino acid physical-chemical properties and they are rejected by selection to a smaller extent.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1986

[cDNA of cattle alpha S1-casein: cloning and nucleotide sequence].

The nucleotide sequence of recombinant plasmids representing a full-size cDNA of cow alpha s1-casein was investigated. The corresponding mRNA consists of 1133 nucleotides except for poly(A) and includes 642 nucleotides of the coding region, 63 nucleotides of 5'- and 428 nucleotides of the 3'-noncoding regions. A comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of cow alpha s1-casein and guinea pig B-casein showed that the homology in the 5'-nontranslatable region is 90.5%, that of a precasein single peptide is 82.22%, while that of the major polypeptide in the coding region is 64% without taking into account the blank spaces. The homology is higher in the 3'-noncoding region than in the coding region and makes up to 72%. The data obtained testify to the high degree of conservatism of sequences in casein mRNA noncoding regions as well as to functional and regulatory role of these sequences in gene expression of caseins.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1988

Head and neck cancer 1987--a review.

Significant advances in head and neck oncology are reviewed in this article. Tumour biology and pathology are outlined in some detail. Multidisciplinary management is emphasised. Conservatism in surgical treatment and the roles of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and other modalities are discussed. The alteration in the natural history of head and neck cancers with effective local and regional control is mentioned.

Alcohol Drinking↗
PubMed1988

Analysis of the dynamics of transmission of human schistosomiasis in the highveld region of Zimbabwe. A review.

With the starting point in a comprehensive and integrated longitudinal study conducted by the Blair Research Laboratory from March 1982 to May 1984 in Bushu and Chiweshe communal areas, a review is presented of the dynamics of transmission of urinary (Schistosoma haematobium) and intestinal (S. mansoni) human schistosomiasis in the highveld region of Zimbabwe. The study comprised observations on snail-related aspects of transmission, on human water contact patterns, and on prevalence, intensity and incidence of infection in the human definitive host population. S. haematobium was found to be of high endemicity whereas the endemicity of S. mansoni was moderate. This reflects that Bulinus globosus, the snail host for S. haematobium, is better adapted to the biologically unstable freshwater environments than Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the snail host for S. mansoni. The most essential findings comprise a marked seasonality and focality of transmission, an overdispersed distribution of infection, individual predisposition to infection, peak of prevalence and intensity of infection among children and young adults, a positive correlation between infection status in population subgroup and the relative transmission potential of water contact sites used, a pronounced specificity and marked conservatism in the human water contact pattern. The epidemiological background for schistosomiasis control strategies is outlined, and a community-based strategy within the primary health care system for schistosomiasis morbidity control is described. The community-based primary health care approach to schistosomiasis morbidity control is the strategy adopted in Zimbabwe.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1988

[Detection of factors of differentiation in human malignant melanoma].

Factors of differentiation (FD) have been detected and isolated from human melanomas cloned in nude mice as well as from amphibian embryos from neurula--early tail bud stage. It has been shown that each source contains two factors of differentiation--mesodermalizing (MF) and melanogenic (MgF). Biological activity of MF has been determined by its capacity to initiate in early embryonic multipotent cells the appearance of various cell types, normally arising from mesoderm. Biological activity of MgF have been determined by its capacity to initiate melanogenesis both in epithelial cells and in dermal melanophores of clawed toad. It has been shown that both factors, isolated from both sources are heterogeneous by their molecular weights. Mr values determined for MgF, isolated from both sources, are nearly identical whereas Mr values of MF from sources coincide partially. Resemblance of FD detected in remote representatives of animal kingdom suggest the high evolutionary conservatism of factors, which switch on cell differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Preprosthetic surgery.

Several of the abnormal conditions existing in the edentulous patient can be corrected surgically, prior to construction of dentures, to enable the patient to function more successfully following prosthetic restoration. The more common problems have been discussed which often require surgical correction. In some instances, articulated diagnostic models of the patient's mouth show that surgery can be avoided, or when surgery is necessary, these models help identify the exact locations of the tissue to be corrected. Alveolectomy has been presented with an eye toward conservatism since this procedure affects the quality of denture foundation and therefore denture stability. Alveolectomy should be performed only when there is a definite indication for the procedure. Correction of soft tissue abnormalities can substantially improve the patient's ability to function with dentures and solve many of the adjustment problems which confront the dentist. It is often better to correct the soft tissue abnormality rather than to circumvent the problem with an inferior prosthetic restoration. Since the introduction of resilient acrylics and tissue conditioning materials, the patient need no longer suffer the discomfort of denture withdrawal after surgery. Electrosurgery has emerged as a successful method of correcting many soft tissue abnormalities. Vestibuloplasty is receiving much emphasis as a possible treatment for atrophic ridges in which there is still enough alveolar bone from which to extend a sulcus. These sulcus extension procedures may offer some help in the future regarding the problem of resorbed ridges, but presently, more research is necessary before widespread use is recommended.

Alveoloplasty↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The electrolyte content of the body of insects, ascidians, fishes, amphibians and mammals and its dynamics in ontogeny].

In animals in which sodium is a predominant cation of the blood serum or haemolymph (rat, newt Triturus vulgaris, sturgeon Acipenser güldenstädti, herring Clupea pallasi, ascidian Goniocarpa rustica), its content in the body amounts up to a half of the total bulk of electrolytes; in insects with potassium type of the haemolymph, the share of sodium is equal to 6.4%. In animals of the same species, total electrolyte content (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium) and the relationship between separate ions were found to be remarkably constant. During ontogenetic development of the sturgeon and herring, as well as in rat embryos beginning from the 15th day of gestation, the ratio between separate cations exhibits significant conservatism.

Amphibians↗
PubMed1988

A synapse-specific carbohydrate at the neuromuscular junction: association with both acetylcholinesterase and a glycolipid.

With the aim of investigating the roles of carbohydrates in synapse formation, we have characterized a synapse-specific saccharide at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction. Two lectins of similar specificity (Dolichos biflorus agglutinin, DBA, and Vicia villosa-B4 agglutinin, VVA-B4) stain synaptic but not extrasynaptic regions of the rat muscle fiber surface and thus define a synapse-specific carbohydrate. Using these and other probes, we show that the carbohydrate moiety concentrated at the neuromuscular junction resembles N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc) linked in the beta-anomeric form to the termini of oligosaccharides. VVA-B4 also selectively stains neuromuscular junctions in human, mouse, rabbit, guinea pig, chick, frog, axolotl, snake, fish, and lamprey muscles, a phylogenetic conservatism that suggests a synapse-related role for GalNAc beta-terminal saccharides. AChE from muscle binds to DBA- and VVA-B4-agarose, and is thereby identified as a glycoconjugate bearing the synapse-specific carbohydrate. Assay of AChE isoforms reveals that asymmetric, collagen-tailed forms, known to be highly concentrated at the rat neuromuscular junction, bind DBA and VVA-B4, while globular forms, which are more widely distributed, do not. A second class of GalNAc-bearing glycoconjugates is demonstrable immunohistochemically with monoclonal antibodies to stage-specific embryonic antigen (SSEA)-3 (Shevinsky et al., 1982) and GM2 (Natoli et al., 1986), which recognize GalNAc-bearing glycolipids. These antibodies selectively stain neuromuscular junctions, where they recognize glycolipid-like molecules that bind VVA-B4 but are distinguishable from AChE. The association of a synapse-specific carbohydrate with at least 2 different synapse-specific molecules raises the possibility that the former plays a role in determining a property that the latter share, such as concentration at the synapse.

Acetylcholinesterase↗
PubMed1988

[The classification of pervasive developmental disorders and other disorders: toward the DSM-IV].

Forty years after Kanner's groundbreaking work and many publications later, the outlook for children with autism has not changed markedly. Progress in understanding the etiology, let alone in developing new approaches for treatment, has been extremely slow for this and other serious, early onset disturbances. Historically, disagreements over diagnosis and syndrome definition have impeded research efforts. Indeed, in many cases it is impossible, on reading research reports of even a decade ago, to know exactly what population was being studied. DSM-III has broken new ground in its emphasis on developmental disorders viewed within a multiaxial diagnostic scheme. Increased diagnostic precision should facilitate the application of rigorous bio-behavioral research methods, which, in turn may help increasingly to define homogeneous populations. Refinements of nosology should not be mere academic exercises. Rather, they should suggest hypotheses which are amenable to empirical test. DSM-III, in addition to pointing the way out of the era of psychiatric Babel, has suggested empirical studies which have challenged its assumptions. In the field of nosology, this should be considered a major criterion of success. Changes in nomenclature, while sorely needed, should be undertaken with appropriate skepticism and conservatism and should build upon the foundation provided by DSM-III.

Autistic Disorder↗