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Results for “Compartment Syndromes”

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PubMed2003

Femoral vessel entrapment and compartment syndromes following snakebite.

A 15-year-old patient who had been bitten on the ankle by a snake presented with swelling extending to the chest wall, with significant haemostatic abnormalities. Compartment and femoral vessel entrapment syndromes are presented. Compartment syndrome is easily mimicked by snakebite without a compartment syndrome. Current measurement of intracompartmental pressure, diastolic or mean arterial blood pressure and resulting equations used to determine the need for fasciotomy do not take into account regional venous or arterial pressures. Combined vessel entrapment and compartment syndromes due to snakebite warrant urgent surgery once hypovolaemia and coagulopathy have been controlled.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1990

Acute anterior thigh compartment syndrome complicating quadriceps hematoma. Two case reports and review of the literature.

Acute compartment syndrome of the thigh has been reported infrequently. To date, only eight cases from isolated blunt trauma without fracture have been reported. Two additional cases caused by intramuscular hematomas following blunt, low-energy trauma, which were treated successfully with emergency fasciotomies, are presented. The morbidity from this syndrome varies from mild, with quadriceps weakness, fatigue, and myositis ossificans, to severe, with limb-threatening vascular compromise. Morbidity can be avoided if a high level of suspicion is maintained, compartment pressures are measured, fasciotomies are performed, and hematomas are drained. Postoperatively, patients can expect a dramatic decrease in pain and a quick return of quadriceps function with aggressive physical rehabilitation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2003

Abdominal compartment syndrome related to noninvasive ventilation.

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of noninvasive positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV) on intra-abdominal pressure. DESIGN AND SETTING: Single case report from a tertiary teaching hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A 65-year-old man who experienced a sudden respiratory and cardiovascular collapse during NIPPV. This was caused by gastric overdistension due to aerophagia followed by raised intra-abdominal pressure leading to intra-abdominal hypertension and abdominal compartment syndrome. RESULTS: The respiratory and cardiovascular problems resolved immediately after the introduction of a nasogastric tube. This resulted in normalization of IAP. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first case reported of an abdominal compartment syndrome related to NIPPV. Clinicians should be aware of this possible complication while using NIPPV.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1987

Compartment syndrome of the thigh complicating surgical treatment of ipsilateral femur and ankle fractures.

A 26-year-old man presented with ipsilateral femur and ankle fractures. The patient was treated with interlocking nail of his femur fracture, followed by open reduction and internal fixation of his ankle fracture under tourniquet control. Postoperatively, the patient developed compartment syndrome of his thigh with elevated pressures, requiring decompressive fasciotomies. This case illustrates the possible complication of treating a femur fracture with intramedullary nailing and then immediately applying a tourniquet to treat an ipsilateral extremity fracture. Because of the complication with this patient, we feel the procedure should be staged, or a tourniquet should be avoided if possible.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Chronic compartment syndrome in the erector spinae muscle.

Intramuscular pressure in the erector spinae muscle was measured during exercise with the microcapillary infusion method in 12 highly selected patients with recurrent low-back pain. The criteria for selection were low-back pain induced only by exercise, relief of symptoms at rest, and no neurologic deficits in the lower extremities. During a 4-year period, 12 patients fulfilled these criteria. One patient had a unilateral chronic compartment syndrome. Fasciotomy of the erector spinae muscle normalized the intramuscular pressure during exercise and at rest after exercise, and relieved the pain. All the other patients with chronic low-back pain had normal intramuscular pressure findings. Chronic compartment syndrome in the erector spinae muscle seems to be an extremely uncommon cause of exercise-induced low-back pain.

Adult↗
PubMed2000

Abdominal compartment syndrome.

Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) associated with organ dysfunction defines the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). Elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) adversely impacts pulmonary, cardiovascular, renal, splanchnic, musculoskeletal/integumentary, and central nervous system physiology. The combination of IAH and disordered physiology results in a clinical syndrome with significant morbidity and mortality. The onset of the ACS requires prompt recognition and appropriately timed and staged intervention in order to optimize outcome. The history, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, and management of this disorder is outlined.

Abdomen↗
PubMed1984

Late surgical decompression for compartment syndrome of the forearm.

Two cases are reported of the late diagnosis of compartment syndrome secondary to alcohol and drug overdose. Surgical decompression at two and a half days and at six days, respectively, produced worthwhile recovery. Other reports are reviewed and a case is made for the value of decompression even when performed late, and for delayed and minimal excision of apparently necrotic muscle.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Ultrastructural modifications of muscle in three types of compartment syndrome.

The histological and ultrastructural aspects of three cases representing different types of compartment syndromes are analyzed. In the acute syndrome edema is the prominent feature. The two chronic cases are characterized by an accumulation of intermyofibrillar lipid globules. All three have in common mitochondrial enlargement, disorganization of the cristae and paracrystalline inclusions. These pathological findings are discussed in the light of lesions seen in striated muscle ischaemia or in certain metabolic myopathies.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2002

[Clinical observation of abdominal compartment syndrome: report of 11 cases].

Through clinical observation of 11 patients with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS), the author explored the effects of acutely elevated abdominal pressure on systemic circulation, respiration and renal function. Based on the experience in diagnosis and treatment of ACS, the author suggests that early identification and timely surgical depressurization are essential to reduce mortality and improve the prognosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Liquefaction and calcification of a chronic compartment syndrome of the lower limb.

We present an uncommon late sequela of a compartment syndrome of the leg that presented as liquefaction and calcification. Our experience with this clinical situation, along with the available literature review, suggests an approach to this diagnostic and therapeutic problem. We recommend that repeated needle aspiration be performed to lessen the risk of secondary infection, chronic sinus formation, and amputation, which may occur after debridement and drainage of the lesion.

Aneurysm↗
PubMed2005

Compartment syndrome: an unusual course for a rare disease.

We report a case of compartment syndrome of the left upper limb following hemorrhage due to Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever in a 45-year-old man. As far as we know, there is not such a report in the literature. We discuss clinical manifestations, electrophysiologic findings, differential diagnosis, and management of the patient. A high degree of awareness for an early diagnosis may participate to improve the poor prognosis.

Compartment Syndromes↗
PubMed2000

Phlegmasia cerulea dolens with compartment syndrome: a complication of femoral vein catheterization.

OBJECTIVE: Central venous catheterization is commonly performed in the critically ill. The femoral vein is widely accepted as an insertion site with complications thought to be comparable to other central access sites. We used serial ultrasound examinations with Doppler to examine the evolution of a heretofore undescribed complication of femoral vein catheterization, phlegmasia cerulea dolens with compartment syndrome. DESIGN: Serial ultrasounds were performed in patients before the insertion of femoral venous catheters and sequentially every 48 hrs while the catheters were in place. The noncatheterized leg served as a control. SETTING: A trauma and life support center of a tertiary multidisciplinary critical care unit. PATIENT: A 32-yr-old man with respiratory failure as a consequence of a severe community-acquired pneumonia that required central venous access for antibiotics because no peripheral sites could be obtained. INTERVENTIONS: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: The initial ultrasound examination of both legs before femoral catheter insertion revealed no sign of venous thrombosis. Ultrasound of the catheterized leg at 48 hrs revealed a small nonocclusive thrombosis, whereas the opposite leg remained normal. At 72 hrs, the catheterized leg had clinical and ultrasonographic evidence of a massive thrombosis. A compartment syndrome defined by pressure measurements soon ensued and required emergent surgical release. CONCLUSIONS: This case report and a review of the available literature suggest that thrombosis associated with femoral vein catheterization should be considered when clinicians decide where to obtain central venous access when multiple sites are available. This report also suggests the utility of serial ultrasound examinations to define clinically nonapparent thrombosis as an early indicator of a potentially catastrophic complication.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

[Compartment syndrome in parenteral drug addicts: report of 2 cases].

Two cases of multiple compartment syndrome in two male patients with history of drug and alcohol abuse are here reported. The clinical picture, course, therapy and sequelae are described and a special emphasis is placed on triggering causes. Given the increasing number of patients presenting to the Emergency Departments with history of overdose and in comatose status, an early clinical suspicion of these pictures is worth noting to avoid severe sequelae which, if not treated early, are irreversible and lead to permanent disability.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Abdominal compartment syndrome in video laparoscopic surgery. Etiopathogenetic aspects, physiopathology and personal experience].

The abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) is a very seven pathology, consequence oh abdominal injuries and traumatism, acute pancreatitis, aortic aneurism rupture, acute peritonitis. The etiopatogenesis is the increase of intra-abdominal pressure with systemic consequences for cardiorespiratory and renal failure. The authors after careful physiopathologic consideration, describe, a case report of ACS in the laparoscopic cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis. To conclusion, we report very important the accurate intraoperative monitoring of vital parameters (PCO2, PO2, Pa, Fc, PVC, Ph, Diuresis) and immediate decision at laparotomic conversion for abdominal decompression.

Abdomen↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Surgical treatment for chronic lower-leg compartment syndrome in young female athletes.

Our experience in treating chronic lower-leg compartment syndrome suggests that women may be more susceptible to this injury than are men, an observation for which there is support in the literature. Furthermore, when we evaluated the 47 young female athletes (age range, 13 years 11 months to 21 years 10 months) from our practice on whom 78 separate surgeries were performed, we found a lower success rate than those generally reported in studies that combine male and female patients. We suspect, therefore, that for reasons as yet unclear, women may also respond less well than men to operative fasciotomy.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Abdominal compartment syndrome in polytrauma.

Authors inform about the group of 8 patients with abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS) occurred as a complication in large blunt injury of abdominal cavity. To the ACS diagnose, the measurement of intracystic pressure is used routinely, whose values correlate fully with values of intraabdominal pressure (IAP). In case of increasing values of IAP over 25 mm Hg with positive clinical signs of ACS, authors indicate decompression laparotomy with temporary closing of abdominal cavity by sterile plastic foil or Ethizip. This preventive temporary laparostomy is recommended also in serious injuries of abdominal cavity in patients with fatal haemorrhage, treated by the method of staged laparotomy with tamponade of abdominal cavity and with massive blood and volume resuscitation.

Abdominal Injuries↗