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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Preoperative prediction of posterior capsule plaque in eyes with posterior subcapsular cataract.

AIM: To determine whether the plaque on the posterior capsule can be predicted preoperatively, in patients with posterior subcapsular cataract (PSC), undergoing cataract surgery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A prospective study of 140 consecutive eyes with PSC, who underwent cataract surgery, was conducted. The prediction of preoperative presence or absence of plaque within the PSC was noted on slit lamp examination, in dilated pupils. A single observer made the observations under oblique illumination, where the slit lamp was placed at an angle of 30 degrees to 45 degrees. Evaluation of the plaque through slit lamp examination was standardized in terms of illumination and magnification. The observations were recorded using a video camera (Image archiving system, Carl Zeiss, Jena Germany) attached to a slit lamp (Carl Zeiss, SL 120 Jena, Germany), keeping the illumination at 100%. The prediction of plaque was noted in terms of its presence or absence on the posterior capsule. All the patients received counseling regarding the presence of plaque. Capsule polishing of the posterior capsule in Cap Vac mode, was done in all cases. The posterior capsule was examined for presence or absence of plaque, either on the first postoperative day, or within a week, with maximal mydriasis. The observer's results were tabulated and later analyzed to judge the incidence of predictability of plaque in PSC. RESULTS: The mean age of the patients was 45+/-6.2 years (range 32-61 years); 104 (74.3%) were males. One hundred and eight (77.1%) patients were under 50 years. The presence or absence of plaque was predicted correctly in 124 (88.6%) eyes. The prediction of plaque was incorrect in 16 (11.4%) eyes. CONCLUSION: The prediction of presence or absence of plaque was accurate in 88.6% cases. We believe that counseling patients with posterior capsule plaque before the surgery is the key to avoiding unpleasant surprises.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Magnetic resonance imaging findings in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

OBJECTIVES: To describe magnetic resonance imaging findings in idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty patients with idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder underwent magnetic resonance imaging involving two spin-echo T2-weighted sequences with fat saturation and two spin-echo T1-weighted postgadolinium sequences; for all sequences, sections were obtained in the oblique coronal and transverse axial planes. Findings were compared to those obtained using the same imaging protocol in 15 patients with clinical manifestations of rotator cuff tear. RESULTS: Postgadolinium enhancement of the joint capsule and synovial membrane was seen in the rotator interval in all 25 adhesive capsulitis patients and in the axillary recess in 22 of the 25. Only one of the 15 rotator cuff tear patients had this finding. In both groups, postgadolinium enhancement occurred in the subacromial bursa, in the rotator cuff tendons, and in the acromioclavicular joint. No significant rotator cuff tears were found in any of the adhesive capsulitis patients. CONCLUSION: In difficult cases, magnetic resonance imaging with gadolinium injection can contribute to the diagnosis of idiopathic adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Magnetic marker monitoring of esophageal, gastric and duodenal transit of non-disintegrating capsules.

The purpose of the study was to investigate in detail the esophageal, gastric and duodenal passage of non-disintegrating capsules in a fasted, healthy volunteer using Magnetic Marker Monitoring (MMM). Five independent experiments were performed. In each case the same healthy male volunteer ingested one magnetically marked capsule after fasting for at least 8 h. The magnetic dipole fields of the capsules were recorded by biomagnetic multichannel measuring equipment. The positions of the capsules were calculated from the recorded data by methods established in magnetic source imaging. The esophageal, gastric and duodenal passages of the capsules were successfully reconstructed from all recorded data sets. The spatial resolution of the capsules' three-dimensional positions in the organs of the gastrointestinal tract was within a range of several millimeters, with a chosen temporal resolution of up to four milliseconds. The esophageal transit times were between 3-13 s, the gastric residence times were between 14-133 min and the duodenal transit times were between 7-245 s. The data demonstrate that Magnetic Marker Monitoring permits the detailed investigation of the gastrointestinal transit of solids.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Silicone oil tamponade combined with lensectomy preserving anterior lens capsule.

PURPOSE: To investigate the therapeutic effect and indication of silicone oil tamponade combined with lensectomy preserving anterior lens capsule. METHODS: Silicone oil tamponade combined with lensectomy preserving anterior lens capsule was performed in 33 cases (33 eyes) of high myopia, proliferative vitroretinopathy (PVR) D grade and giant retinal tear (GRT). 10 cases were only eye and 11 cases had harder nucleus of lens. The surgical methods included: 1. smashing lens nucleus and lensectomy preserving complete anterior capsule; 2. vitrectomy and membrane peeling; 3. usage of liquid perfluorocarbin or retinotomy for drainage; 4. silicone oil tamponade; 5. postoperative Nd; YAG laser for anterior capsulectomy. RESULTS: Follow-up time was 6 months or more in 29 cases. Total retinal reattachment was achieved in 22 cases, macular retinal reattachment in 5 cases. The visual acuity was 20/800 to 20/200 in 13 cases, 20/100 to 20/50 in 12 cases. Visual acuity was significantly improved in GRT group (P < 0.05). Complications included unexpected anterior capsule break intraoperatively, anterior capsule opacity, silicone oil emulsification and liquid perfluorocarbin remaining postoperatively. CONCLUSIONS: Silicone oil tamponade combined with lensectomy preserving anterior capsule was safe and can reduce the operative complications. The indications included: 1. GRT complicated with high myopia; 2. advanced PVR cases complicated with high myopia in which silicone oil must be used; 3. severe lens opacity cases in which silicone oil must be used; 4. complex retinal detachment of only eye.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

[Changes of lens capsule after phacoemulsification].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes in the lens capsule after phacoemulsification and its effects on the position of intraocular lens (IOL) and to demonstrate the best position of IOL in relation to the anterior capsule. METHODS: The present series comprised 141 eyes in 127 patients underwent phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation with 5 mm continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis. The changes in the lens capsule and the position of IOL with dilated pupil were observed using slit lamp microscope 3 months after the operation. RESULTS: Capsular bag shrinkage and white Soemmering ring along the margin of capsulorhexis were observed in all cases. Three different kinds of relationship between anterior capsule opening and the IOL optic surface were found, including the non-capture (68 eyes), partial-capture (52 eyes) and total-capture (21 eyes) relationships. The incidence of central posterior capsule opacification (PCO) was significantly higher in the total-capture group (47.6%) than that in the non-capture (11.7%) and partial-capture (21.2%) groups (P < 0.01). IOL in well centered position was significantly higher in the non-capture (91.2%) and total-capture (81.0%) groups than that in the partial-capture group (42.3%) (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: In the present study, various changes in the lens capsule were observed after phacoemulsification and foldable lens implantation. It is suggested that keeping the IOL in a non-capture position is a key point to avoid the occurrence of PCO and IOL decentration.

Aged↗
PubMed1992

Development of a colonic release capsule dosage form and the absorption of insulin.

Since the colon is relatively low in peptidase activity and drainage into the lymphatics is maximized, a peroral dosage form was developed to deliver insulin to the colon. Microemulsions, used as a vehicle for insulin, were gelled using Cab-O-Sil, and filled into gelatin capsules pretreated with formaldehyde vapor. The capsules were coated with Eudragit NE 30 D, Eudragit S100 and cellulose acetate phthalate polymers of pH-dependent and time-controlled release mechanisms. In vitro dissolution profiles of the capsule coating, using sodium salicylate as the marker, show that dissolution of the capsule begins at 4 h, at pH 5.5, and is completed at 8 h, at pH 7.7, simulating the gastrointestinal transit and pH profile of the dog. An in vivo crossover study in beagle dogs was carried out employing the following treatments: i.v. insulin, p.o. insulin microemulsion and colonic release capsule dosage form without insulin (CRC), were used as controls, a colonic release capsule dosage form with insulin (CRI) and additionally with sodium laurylsulfate (CRIL) or aprotinin (CRIA) as sorption promoter and enzyme inhibitor, respectively. Evaluation was done by measuring the reduction in blood glucose concentration levels. The pharmacological availability (P.A.) is the ratio of the area under the baseline curve (AUC), expressed as percent glucose reduction from baseline vs time, of the p.o. dosage forms to i.v. insulin administration, corrected for body weight and dose size. The P.A. for the p.o. microemulsion, CRC, CRI, CRIL and CRIA were 2.1, 0.4, 5.0, 2.7 and 6.2%, respectively. Insulin release occurred throughout the GI tract, with the exception of the stomach. Tmax occurred at 6.4 h for CRIA; the majority of insulin is taken up after the colonic arrival time is reached in the dog (4-6 h). Duration of the reduction in blood glucose levels occurred for 14 h with the CRIA dosage form.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A prospective comparative study of push and wireless-capsule enteroscopy in patients with obscure digestive bleeding.

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively compare the global and specific diagnostic yields of push and wireless videocapsule enteroscopy for small bowel lesions in patients with obscure digestive bleeding after esogastroduodenoscopy and colonoscopy. METHODS: The patients studied had unexplained chronic iron-deficient anemia or digestive blood loss after routine investigations. Small bowel investigation was performed first with the wireless-capsule (M2A, Given Imaging) and then with the push-enteroscope (Olympus SIF100). RESULTS: Twenty-one patients were included in the protocol (14 females and 7 males), whose mean age was 60 years (range: 18 to 81). All patients had iron-deficient anemia with occult bleeding (n = 16) or overt bleeding (n = 5). A digestive lesion was observed in 14 of 21 cases (66%). Lesions were: esophageal varices (n = 2), reflux esophagitis (n = 1), upper gastrointestinal tract ulcerations (n = 9), intestinal angioectasia (n = 4), ileal varices (n = 1), cecal angioectasia (n = 1) and tumor-like angioma in the jejunum (n = 1). These 19 lesions were discovered by both methods in 10 cases (52%), by push-enteroscopy only in 6 (31%) and by wireless-capsule endoscopy only in 3 (17%). The global diagnostic yield was therefore slightly but not significantly higher for push wireless-capsule enteroscopy (61 vs 52%; NS) and the specific diagnostic yield was similar (20%). Interobserver agreement on the wireless-capsule recordings reached 85% for detection of findings. CONCLUSIONS: In patients with obscure digestive bleeding, no significant difference in diagnostic yield was evidenced between push and wireless-capsule endoscopy. The main advantage of the latter method versus the former was the detection of distal lesions in the small bowel. Wireless-capsule enteroscopy is mandatory for patients with active unexplained bleeding and negative push-enteroscopy, or for defining the extension of a disease involving, for instance, the presence of angioectasia.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

[Capsule endoscopy--a new method for the diagnosis of diseases of the small intestine].

BACKGROUND: Diseases of the small intestine are rare and often difficult to diagnose because of a lack of sensitive methods. A new technique called wireless capsule endoscopy has recently been developed; it allows visualisation of the entire small intestinal surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The patient swallows a capsule containing a small digital camera, a battery and a radio transmitter. The capsule takes 2 pictures per second during its passage through the intestines; pictures are transferred by radio signals that are detected by sensors on the abdominal skin, stored on a data recorder and later analysed on a PC. RESULTS: By the end of November 2003 we had performed 80 capsule endoscopies in 69 patients. All patients were referred because of suspected small bowel disease and had been through an extensive diagnostic workup before capsule endoscopy was performed. Most of them were referred because of obscure gastrointestinal bleeding or iron deficiency anaemia. Small bowel pathology was found in one third of the patients. INTERPRETATION: Capsule endoscopy seems to be a major improvement in the diagnosis of small intestinal diseases. It is a non-invasive and painless procedure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Successful esophageal pH monitoring with Bravo capsule in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease].

INTRODUCTION: Esophageal 24-h pH monitoring (24-pH) is the most useful test to diagnose and treat patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). The traditional system for 24-pH requires transnasal introduction of a catheter with pH sensors. This technique produces discomfort, inconvenience and interference with daily activity. Recently, the Bravo pH system has been proposed as an alternative and promising method for 24-pH. In this study, the initial experience in Mexico with this system is reported. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate safety, tolerability and performance of the pH Bravo capsule in patients with GERD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with GERD symptoms at least twice a week during the last three months, with indication for 24-pH were evaluated. pH Bravo capsule was placed 6 cm above squamocolumnar junction (SCJ). Symptoms, quality and duration of pH tracings, capsule detachment and patient global satisfaction were evaluated. RESULTS: Eleven patients (nine female, two male) mean age 42 years (range 26-62 years), two with erosive and nine with non-erosive GERD were studied. pH capsule was correctly positioned at 6 cm above SCJ in all patients. Nine patients noted a mild foreign body sensation (especially while eating) and four had mild chest pain; two patients had no discomfort. Capsule detachment occurred spontaneously in all patients on day 10. pH record for > 43 h was obtained in the 11 patients. There were no differences in pH parameters between days 1 and 2. Two patients with normal acid exposure on day 1 had abnormal pH parameters on day 2. CONCLUSIONS: Esophageal pH monitoring with Bravo capsule is a safe, reliable and tolerable method in patients with GERD. Extended pH recordings increases abnormal esophageal acid exposure detection in patients with this disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Bioequivalence of verapamil hydrochloride extended-release pellet-filled capsules when opened and sprinkled on food and when swallowed intact.

A study was performed to determine whether verapamil hydrochloride administered in extended-release pellet-filled capsules is bioequivalent to the same formulation administered by sprinkling the contents of the capsules onto food. Thirty-two healthy subjects participated in the randomized, two-way crossover study. In treatment A, the subjects swallowed the contents of a verapamil hydrochloride extended-release pellet-filled capsule, 240 mg, that had been sprinkled on applesauce. In treatment B, the subjects swallowed the same type of capsule intact. Blood samples were drawn at baseline, every hour for 10 hours, and at 12, 15, 24, 30, 36, and 48 hours after each dose administration. The plasma was analyzed for verapamil and norverapamil by high-performance liquid chromatography. The following calculations were performed: AUC0-48, AUC0-infinity, Cmax, tmax, and k. Results for the two treatments were compared by analysis of variance. There were no significant differences between the AUC0-48, AUC0-infinity, Cmax, tmax, and k for the two methods of dose administration. For verapamil the differences for all variables were less than 5%, and for norverapamil the differences were less than 4% for all variables except tmax (9.5%). The 90% confidence intervals were within acceptable limits for all variables except the norverapamil tmax comparison. Sprinkling the contents of extended-release pellet-filled capsules onto food provides verapamil hydrochloride that is bioequivalent to that obtained from the intact capsules.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2005

Development and validation of dissolution tests for fexofenadine hydrochloride capsules and coated tablets.

PURPOSE: This study describes the development and validation of dissolution tests for fexofenadine hydrochloride capsules and coated tablets using an HPLC method. METHOD: The appropriate conditions were determinate after testing sink conditions, dissolution medium, and agitation intensity. The apparatus, paddle and basket, were applied to tablets and capsules, respectively. Fexofenadine hydrochloride capsules, products A and B, and coated tablets, products A, B and C were evaluated. The best dissolution conditions tested, for the products in each respective pharmaceutical dosage form were applied to evaluate the dissolution profiles. The parameters of difference factor, similar factor, and dissolution efficacy were employed. RESULTS: Optimal conditions to carry out the dissolution tests were 900 ml of 0.01 M hydrochloric acid as dissolution medium, basket at 100 rotation per minute (rpm) stirring speed for capsules and paddle at 75 rpm for tablets. The dissolution profiles for tablets products A, B, and C and for capsules products A and B were not similar. CONCLUSION: The developed and validated dissolution tests satisfactorily describes the time-course of the drug release. The obtained results provided adequate dissolution profiles. The HPLC method was validated to quantify fexofenadine capsules and coated tablets from the dissolution tests.

Capsules↗
PubMed2005

[Immobilization of cells by macro-porous NaCS-PDMDAAC capsules and cultivation in shaking flask and bubble bioreactor].

The membrane of sodium cellulose sulphate ( NaCS)-poly dimethyldiallylammonium chloride (PDMDAAC) microcapsule is compact and has low molecular weight cut-off, which would delay the mass transfer and affect the cell growth immobilized in the capsule. Macroporous NaCS-PDMDAAC microcapsules were prepared using the degradation of the starch by amylase in the membrane of the capsules. The pore size and the permeability in the membrane were improved obviously. As model cells, the Candida krusei CK1 and E. coli EC1 immobilized in the capsules were cultured in the shake flask and bubble column respectively. It was shown that the cell density immobilized in the microcapsules cultured in the bubble column was higher than that cultured in the shaking flask. It implied that the limiting factor of the cell growth in the capsule lied in the diffusion of the oxygen. Since the rate of the oxygen transporting across the membrane was greatly enhanced due to the enlarged pore size, the maximum cell density in the macroporous capsules was 20%-110% over than that in the standard capsules in the bubble column. However, the extent of E. coli cell density increasing was higher than that of the yeast, which may be due to the difference of the oxygen requirement between the two microbes.

Amylases↗
PubMed2005

[Clinic observation of sini capsule on treating different syndrome with the same principle in angina patients].

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the application scope of Sini capsule in treationg coronary heart disease angina. METHODS: Different syndrome of coronary heart disease angina was treated with the same Sini Capsule, and the change of angina, electrocardiogram and cardiac function was observed. RESULTS: Sini capsule could evidently decrease angina outbreak, improve ischemia electrocardiogram and enhance cardiac function. Sini capsule could make different degree treatment effect for different syndrome. CONCLUSION: There is pathogenesis of Yang insufficinecy Yin excessive in every syndrome of coronary heart disease angina; it indicates that it had best to use Sini capsule according to differentiation syndrome when angina patients are treated by Sini capsule.

Aged↗
PubMed2006

[Fluorescence spectroscopy study of human serum albumin quenched by rifampicin capsules].

It is obvious that the albumin is a kind of important large biophysical molecular. The albumin is the main component of plasma within cell. It is also the matter basis of life phenomenon. The fluorescence spectroscopy of human serum albumin (HSA) and the interaction of HSA and the rifampicin capsules (lfp) were studied. When the rifampicin capsules (lfp) was added into HSA solution gradually, an interesting new phenomenon emerged in emission spectrum. The combination constant of rifampicin capsules (lfp) is about Ks = 5.149 x 10(4) L x mol(-1), and the dissociation constant is about Kd = 19.42 x 10(-6) mol x L(-1). The quenching process of rifampicin capsules (lfp)-HSA is not dynamic quenching, which resulted from the molecular diffusion and collision. That is the static quenching process resulting from the chemical component between molecules. The energy transfer efficiency between rifampicin capsules (lfp) and HSA is E=0.42. According to these calculation results, the combination position between the binding site of rifampicin capsules (lfp) and the tryptophane of HSA is about R=2.567 nm. The critical distance, when transfer efficiency equals 50%, is about R0 = 2.433 nm.

Capsules↗
PubMed2006

Recent advances in endoscopic capsule imaging: see what we have been missing.

Depiction of the small intestine has always been a challenge because of its length and tortuosity. The development of capsule endoscopy has been a significant advance that has allowed for more complete small intestine evaluations. The capsule is disposable, captures 2 images per second, and has a battery life of approximately 8 hours. Images are transmitted to a data recorder via digital radio frequency communication, and downloaded to the workstation computer, where it can be read by a gastroenterologist. One of the complications of use is capsule retention; however, a patency capsule has been developed that indicates whether obstruction is present before capsule endoscopy is performed. Capsule endoscopy has renewed interest in the diagnosis and evaluation of small intestinal diseases, been partly responsible for increased research in this area, and led to the development of newer radiologic and endoscopic techniques to evaluate the small intestine.

Capsules↗
PubMed2006

Regional variation is present in elbow capsules after injury.

Myofibroblast numbers and alpha-smooth muscle actin expression are increased in anterior joint capsules of patients with posttraumatic elbow contractures. The purpose of our study was to determine whether these changes occur regionally or throughout the entire joint capsule. We hypothesized that the alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA expression and the myofibroblast numbers in posterior joint capsules would be elevated in elbows obtained from patients with posttraumatic joint contractures compared with joint capsules obtained from organ donor elbows without contractures. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate relative mRNA levels of alpha-smooth muscle actin. Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was used to normalize the levels. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to determine the myofibroblast cell numbers. Higher alpha-smooth muscle actin mRNA levels were observed in elbows of patients with contractures compared with organ donor elbows without contractures. Immunohistochemical studies determined that myofibroblast numbers and the percentage of total cells that were myofibroblasts were elevated (2-2.5-fold) in the joint capsules from patients with posttraumatic joint contractures compared with similar tissue obtained from organ donor elbows without contractures. These results suggest elevated myofibroblast numbers occur throughout the whole joint capsule in posttraumatic elbow contractures, although there is some regional variation.

Actins↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Desiccated rattlesnake capsules: a potential source of gram-negative bacterial infection].

The ingestion of rattlesnake powder capsules is frequent in Mexico in view of their alleged curative properties in various diseases, among them different malignancies. Based on previous reports showing both bacteremia and septicemia in patients with malignant diseases ingesting such capsules, we conducted a study to evaluate the presence of microorganisms in 16 different preparations of rattlesnake powder capsules, obtained in six different cities of our country. We found that all the samples were significantly contaminated with gram-negative coliform bacteria: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter agglomerans, E. cloacae, Salmonella arizona and Salmonella of groups B, E4 and G. Eighty one percent of the capsules were contaminated with Salmonella sp. The most frequent was S. arizona with a natural reservoir in snakes. Contamination was probably derived from both the flesh of the snake and fecal contamination during the domestic preparation of the powder to produce the capsules. These data, together with those previously published regarding bacteremia and septicemia derived from the ingestion of the capsules, suggests that there is danger in their use.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Effects of pH regulators used as additives on the bioavailability of ibuprofen from hard gelatin capsules.

In our previous study the reasons for fast absorption of ibuprofen from sodium bicarbonate based hard gelatin capsules stayed unclear. These were not investigated using pH regulators (aluminium hydroxide, calcium carbonate, tartaric acid) with different chemical and physical properties. Ibuprofen absorption was much slower with aluminium hydroxide capsules (MRT 5.3, Tmax 3.1 h, Cmax 25.6 mg l-1, lag time 37.5 min) than with sodium bicarbonate capsules of the previous study (MRT 2.6 h, tmax 0.4 h, Cmax 51.4 mg l-1), lag time 0 min). The corresponding values for calcium carbonate and tartaric acid capsules were: MRT 3.7 h and 3.9 h, Tmax 1.7 h and 2.0 h, Cmax 32.2 mg l-1 and 30.8 mg l-1 and lag time 3.1 min and 7.6 min. No differences were noted in the AUC values. A rank order correlation existed between dissolution parameters and the in vivo parameters reflecting the rate of bioavailability. It was concluded that the rapid absorption of ibuprofen from capsules containing sodium carbonate is due to enhanced in vivo disintegration of the capsule, enhanced in vivo dissolution of the drug and enhanced gastric emptying rate.

Adult↗