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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed2001

Will New Human Papillomavirus Diagnostics Improve Cervical Cancer Control Efforts?

With the causal link between specific types of human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer firmly established, efforts have turned to assessing the relative merits of offering HPV testing in screening, triage, and posttreatment management. Many unanswered questions remain, but a growing body of evidence supports a role for HPV testing in cervical cancer prevention programs. Already, clinical centers that serve thousands of women in Europe and the United States have incorporated HPV DNA tests in triage algorithms.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1984

Effect of human tumor antigens on the active E-rosette-forming test (ARFT): a new diagnostic method for cancer.

The "active" T-cell test was adapted into an in vitro assay for response to human tumor antigens, especially gastric, lung, liver, esophageal, and colonic tumors. Peripheral blood lymphocytes were isolated from 229 cancer patients, 60 non-cancer patients, and 70 normal adults. Tumor antigen, incubated with lymphocytes from patients with the corresponding cancer, produced a significant increase in the ability of the lymphocytes to function as active rosette-forming cells (ARFC) when compared with lymphocytes cultured without antigen (P less than 0.001). This potentiating effect on ARFC remained unimpaired even after tumor antigen refrigeration. Tumor antigen incubated with lymphocytes from normal donors produced no increase in ARFC ability. This assay appears to be specific for the antigen corresponding to the cancer of the given patient; for example, gastric tumor antigen increased the ARFC of gastric cancer patients, but produced no increase in ARFC of breast cancer patients. No interference by the HLA complex was found in this assay. This technique provides a novel in vitro method for investigating cell-mediated immunity and also a new, specific method for cancer diagnosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Undifferentiated nasopharyngeal cancer (UCNT): current diagnostic and therapeutic aspects.

Undifferentiated carcinoma of the nasopharynx (UCNT) is a particular head and neck epidermoid lineage tumor related to the Epstein Barr Virus (EBV). It has geographically selective endemic epidemiologic features, without relation to external carcinogens. Its systemic agressiveness is the source of most disease-related demises, because radiotherapy achieves excellent local control and a significant percentage of cure in patients with exclusive locoregional disease. Difference in the staying systems currently in use, the recent changes in imaging and radiotherapy technology, and the lack of distinction between UCNT and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the nasopharynx in Western literature reports make for some difficulty in therapeutic results evaluation when analyzing available literature. Its chemosensitivity is a relatively recent acknowledged fact, and its use in metastatic patients results in a high percentage of objective responses, many of long duration. Neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy seems to be of benefit, but outstanding controversies in this regard will be soon answered through ongoing phase III trials. After a review of the current literature of all the above-mentioned aspects of this fascinating nosologic entity, our own experience, both in metastatic and locoregional disease patients is analyzed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Neuroendocrine and epithelial markers in diagnostic bronchial lung cancer biopsy specimens.

The incidence of neuroendocrine and epithelial markers was investigated by immunocytochemistry in archival, lung cancer, bronchial biopsy specimens (n = 48). No correlation of antigenicity with histological type was observed. 79% non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) and 61% small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) were positive for epithelial markers. HuTu-m3 did not discriminate adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas from SCLC. 83% SCLC and 93% NSCLC were positive for one or more neuroendocrine marker. Multiple neuroendocrine markers were found in 61% SCLC, 83% NSCLC and 83% squamous cell carcinomas, this incidence being greater in the NSCLC group, and in the squamous carcinomas in particular, than previously reported.

Antibodies↗
PubMed2005

Microfluidic-based diagnostics for cervical cancer cells.

The use of biomarkers has facilitated the detection of specific tumor cells. However, the technology to apply these markers in a clinical setting has not kept pace with their increasing availability. In this project, we use an antibody-based microfluidics platform to recognize and capture cervical cancer cells. Because HPV-16 infection of cervical cells and up-regulation of alpha6-integrin cell surface receptors are correlated, we utilized alpha6-integrin as a capture antibody bound to the channel surface. Normal human glandular epithelial cells (HGEC), human cervical stromal cells (HCSC) and cervical cancer cells (HCCC) were suspended in PBS and flowed through the system. Greater than 30% of the cancer cells were captured while the capture of the normal cell types was less than 5%. The technique is sensitive and accurate. It is potentially useful in the detection of cervical cancer at all stages, as well as other of cancers with similar characteristics of cell surface antigen expression.

Biomarkers, Tumor↗
PubMed2000

Recent developments in the virus therapy of cancer.

Cancer is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Although there has been significant progress in the areas of cancer etiology, diagnostic techniques, and cancer prevention, adequate therapeutic approaches for many cancers have lagged behind. One promising line of investigation is the virus therapy of cancer. This approach entails the use of viruses, such as retroviruses, adenovirus, and vaccinia virus, to modify tumor cells so that they become more susceptible to being killed by the host immune response, chemotherapeutic agents, or programmed cell death. This review discusses recent advances in the virus therapy of cancer from both basic science and clinical perspectives. Given the potential of viruses to kill tumor cells directly or transduce desired gene products to allow a vigorous host antitumor immune response, the virus therapy of cancer holds great promise in the treatment of cancer.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Neuroendocrine cancer of the uterine cervix: an especially aggressive form of cancer with clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic characteristics].

The compilation of neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix uteri comprises a rare group of carcinomas characterised by particularly aggressive behaviour. These carcinomas can be described and differentiated from similar carcinomas with different biological behaviour by light microscopy and immunohistochemical investigations. We present three patients with neuroendocrine carcinoma of the cervix, stage I b, all of them operated according to Wertheim's operation with pelvic lymphadenectomy and in one case paraaortal lymphadenectomy. In all three cases we found a clinical manifestation of hematogenic metastases. Since we are not aware of any reports on this form of carcinoma in German literature, we would emphasise the importance of diagnostic differentiation between neuroendocrine carcinomas of the cervix and other similar carcinomas of this localisation, in particular since this form of carcinoma requires specific therapeutic procedures.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

A survey of cancer patients in general practice.

A study of cancer patients in general practice was carried out in a defined and limited population of 29,420 inhabitants with a known occurrence of malignancy. A cancer patient was defined as a person who had ever been diagnosed as having a malignancy. Out of 553 cancer patients living in the study area 257 (46.5%) were seen by the general practitioner during a two-month period. Cancer patients accounted for 3.9% of all encounters and the calculated yearly contact rate for these patients was more than twice that for other patients (4.3 contacts per year against 2.1). One-third of the cancer patients were not recognized as having a malignancy by the doctor, and only 1.3% of all encounters were caused by or partly caused by cancer. The diagnostic distribution of cancers among these patients correlated with the prevalence in the population, with two exceptions: gastrointestinal cancer was over-represented and skin cancer was under-represented.

Adolescent↗