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PubMed1976

Treatment of intestinal parasitic disease.

Although improved sanitation in the United States has resulted in a general diminution in the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections, some, such as enterobiasis, are not reduced by improved environmental or water sanitation and others, such as amebiasis and hookworm infection, persist in foci. Other infections, notably giardiasis, have increased due to the travels of American tourists in other countries where environmental sanitation is poor. North American physicians, therefore, may expect at some time to have to treat parasitic infections. Favored chemotherapeutic agents currently are: for amebiasis--metronidazole and diiodohydroxyquin; for giardiasis--metronidazole; for tapeworm infections--niclosamide; for enterobiasis--pyrantel pamoate, piperazine citrate, or pyrvinium pamoate; for ascariasis--piperazine citrate; for stronglyoidiasis--thiabendazole; for trichuriasis--mebendazole; for hookworm infection--pyrantel pamoate; for schistosomiasis japonica--tartar emetic; and for schistosomiasis mansoni--niridazole.

Amebiasis↗
PubMed2004

Clinical, cytological and molecular evidence of Mesocestoides sp. infection in a dog from Italy.

A 12-year-old, 13 kg, mixed-breed male dog was referred for anorexia and depression. The dog showed discomfort on abdominal palpation. Abdominal ultrasound examination revealed multiple, small, round anechoic cystic structures. Cystic fluid obtained with fine needle aspiration contained several 2-4 mm white motile flecks. Microscopic examination of the fluid revealed numerous irregularly shaped organisms measuring several hundred microns to 3 mm, the morphology of which was suggestive of intact and fragmented acephalic metacestodes of the genus Mesocestoides sp. Molecular analysis confirmed that the peritoneal infection was caused by Mesocestoides sp.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The effect of ligula intestinalis on some lipid exchange indexes of the spleen of the host, bream abramis brama of different age].

The results of the comparative analysis of the spleen in healthy individuals of bream Abramis brama and those infected by the Ligula intestinalis plerocercoids are given. Two age groups of bream were studied. The comparison was carried out by the index of common lipids (CL), the content of common lipids, the intensity of lipid peroxidation (POL), and the common antioxidant activity (CAA). The dependence of the lipid exchange character in the fishes infected by Ligula on age, as well as on different levels of the infestation is demonstrated.

Aging↗
PubMed1982

Evaluation of granulated fenbendazole as a treatment for helminth infections in dogs.

A granulated formulation of fenbendazole was tested in 95 dogs harbouring naturally occurring infections of Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, and Taenia spp and in 19 laboratory-reared Beagle pups experimentally infected with Toxascaris leonina. The drug was administered in moistened dry dog food or in canned dog food. In dosage titration and confirmational studies, using worm counts in naturally infected dogs, the drug was 98%-100% effective at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight/day for 3 days against the commonly occurring nematodes of dogs (ascarids, hookworms, and whipworms) and against Taenia tapeworms. A dosage of 20 mg/kg for 5 days was equally effective against nematodes, but only 73% of the dogs were cleared of Taenia tapeworms. There was no activity at either dosage against Dipylidium tapeworms. Dosages of 100 or 150 mg/kg for a single treatment and 5 or 25 mg/kg daily for 3 days were unsatisfactory with respect to nematodes and tapeworms. Induced infections of T leonina were eliminated from all treated dogs at the dosage and dosing period tested (50 mg/kg/day for 3 days). Fourteen untreated controls expelled 13% of T leonina burdens. It was concluded that granulated fenbendazole is effective in dogs against natural infections of T canis, A caninum, T vulpis, Taenia spp, and experimentally induced infections of T leonina at a dosage of 50 mg/kg of body weight/day for 3 days.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Dry areas: an example of seasonal evolution of helminth infection of sheep and goats in southern Mauritania.

A total of 647 faecal egg counts and 53 necropsies were performed on sheep and goats originating from three sites of a Sahelian region of Mauritania (Gorgol) over a period of 2 years (1990-1992). Haemonchus contortus, Oesophagostomum columbianum and Stilesia globipunctata were the most prevalent species. The seasonal pattern was characterized by long survival of adults and high percentages of arrested fourth-stage larvae in the dry season, suggesting that two different strategies were used to survive from one rainy season to the next. Sheep and goats were equally infected, except for Stilesia globipunctata, which was found more often in sheep. The influence of age was limited, although kids and lambs born in the beginning of the dry season did not become infected until their first grazing in the rainy season.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1991

[The biology of Dipylidium caninum. Part 2].

From 198 cats and 182 dogs in Austria 9,134 fleas were collected. Ctenocephalides felis is the main flea of our cats (98.5%) and dogs (77.5%). Demonstration of cysticercoids of Dipylidium caninum through bleaching of fleas failed. Dissection of fleas gave, however, positive results. Each 44th flea from cats and 61st flea from dogs harbours cysticercoids. Infection intensity rates were 2.3% for C. felis (cats), 1.2% for C. felis (dogs), and 3.1% for C. canis (dogs). Male fleas are more extensively, but less intensively infected than female fleas. Cysticercoids form fleas of feline origin are more infective to cats than those from fleas found on dogs. The longest patency in cats lasted 3 years.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Parasitic infections in Singapore.

This paper describes various parasitic infections which are encountered in Singapore. These include the soil transmitted helminths, pinworms, Clonorchis/Opisthorchis, Hymenolepis, filariae, malarial parasites, Toxoplasma and other protozoal infections. The reasons for the transmission of these parasites in the republic are discussed. Some of the problems associated with their diagnosis are highlighted.

Cestode Infections↗
PubMed1984

Albendazole in the treatment of opisthorchiasis and concomitant intestinal helminthic infections.

A total of 52 adult patients with opisthorchiasis with or without concomitant intestinal helminthic infections were treated with albendazole at dosage regimens of 400 mg twice daily for 3 days (group I with 25 patients) and 7 days (group II 27 patients). By concentration method with four examinations from two faecal specimens of each patient the cure rates and percentage egg reduction on day 30 in group I and group II were 12% and 33%, 94 and 95 respectively; by Stoll method the cure rates and percentage egg reduction were 40% and 63%, 92 and 92 in group I and group II, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the results of the two regimens. Twenty six patients with hookworm and 9 patients with S. stercolaris infections were cured. Opisthorchis viverrini, N. americanus, A. duodenale, A. ceylanicum, E. malayanum, E. ilocanum, S. stercolaris, E. vermicularis, and T. saginata segments were expelled in stools, mostly on days 1 to 4. Most of the patients felt relieved from symptoms of pain in the right hypochondrium and epigastrium. The side effects were mild and transient. There were no evidence of toxic effects on the bone marrow, heart, liver or kidneys. Albendazole was shown to be effective against Opisthorchis viverrini infection as well as other concomitant intestinal helminthic infections; but the optimal dosage and duration of treatment have not yet been achieved.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Diagnostic procedures and treatment of eleven dogs with peritoneal infections caused by Mesocestoides spp.

An 8-year-old spayed Schnauzer with a distended abdomen was examined because of straining to urinate and suspected urinary tract infection. Abdominal radiography revealed a ground-glass appearance, and ultrasonography revealed numerous cystic structures in the peritoneal cavity. Examination of an aspirate of abdominal fluid revealed tissues consistent with metacestodes. Tissues were definitively identified as Mesocestoides spp on the basis of polymerase chain reaction amplification of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. The dog required several courses of treatment with fenbendazole to eliminate the infection. This was 1 of 11 dogs infected with Mesocestoides metacestodes. Treatment involving the use of praziquantel and albendazole were ineffective, but fenbendazole successfully cleared Mesocestoides infections in 5 of 6 dogs.

Albendazole↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Animal and human cestoda infection (sparganosis)].

Spirometrosis (sparganosis) in animals and man is a serious ecological problem in Russia, which requires the constant attention of veterinary and medical services. The paper presents data on the biology of the parasite Spirometra erinacei europaei Muller, 1937, an account and diagram of a developmental cycle, and original photos of parasitic eggs, plerocercoids, strobiles, and cestode joint from animals.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Short report: a new case report of human Mesocestoides infection in the United States.

The twenty-seventh documented case of human Mesocestoides infection, which corresponds to the seventh documented case in the United States, is reported. The case had its origin in Alexandria, Louisiana in the summer of 1998. The patient was a 19-month-old boy. The strobila consisted of 35 proglottids that included mature as well as gravid segments containing a ventral genital pore and a parauterine organ. After a detailed microscopic examination, the tapeworm was identified as belonging to the genus Mesocestoides. Mesocestoides variabilis is the probable species responsible for the infection, since the six cases previously reported in the United States were identified as this species. After the treatment with a single dose of praziquantel (10 mg/kg), the tapeworm segments were no longer detectable in the child's feces. A food-borne origin of this infection derived from culinary customs of the Acadian and Creole communities in Louisiana is proposed.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Diagnosis, distribution and prevalence of Stilesia globipunctata (Rivolta 1874) in sheep in the Overberg region of the southern western Cape Province.

Stilesia globipunctata infections were found in sheep from the area east and south of Bredasdorp in the Overberg region of the southern Cape Province. The prevalence of infection on these farms ranged from 5.1 to 65%. In an abattoir survey 4 of the 6 lots of 4 to 5 year old sheep and only 1 of the 9 lots of sheep under the age of 1 year were infected with S. globipunctata. None of the sheep examined in the Overberg region were infected with Stilesia hepatica. A modified sedimentation technique proved to be the most reliable for the coprological diagnosis of S. globipunctata in sheep.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Some helminthozoonotic infections in Zambia.

Parasitic infections constitute an important group of zoonoses. Stool examination of inpatients, medical examinees and out-patients in a sub-tropical environment established that Inermicapsifer madagascariensis and Schistosoma mattheei are occasionally anthropozoonotic in Zambia. Strongyloides fülleborni, a species normally parasitic in primates is not uncommon in man; whether it is anthropozoonotic or a parasite well adapted to man in this part of Africa needs further investigation. The finding of unidentified spiruroid ova was considered to be due to a spurious infection. The need for the differentiation of such organisms from those commonly infecting man is emphasized especially since the literature on such a subject is so sparse in the country and on the continent.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

Peritoneal cell population of mice infected with Mesocestoides corti as a source of eosinophils.

A prominent feature of the inflammatory cellular response in the peritoneal cavity of Mesocestoides corti-infected mice is a marked and sustained increase in the number of eosinophils. In intact mice, the total number of nucleated cells in the peritoneal cavity rises from less than 5 X 10(6) to more than 50 X 10(6) and, at certain time points, in excess of 50% of these cells are eosinophils. Peritoneal eosinophils are absent in infected hypothymic nude (nu/nu) mice of three genotypes, and eosinophils counts can be elevated in infected nude mice by injection of peripheral lymphoid cells or thymocytes. The peritoneal cells of M. corti-infected mice are a convenient starting cell population for eosinophil purification.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Intestinal helminthic infestation in children.

In this study of fecal samples from 1000 children below 6 years of age, 680 (68.0%) detected to have intestinal helminthic infection. The incidence of intestinal helminthiasis in urban group of children was 56.8% (284 out of 500 tested) while in rural group of children was 79.2% (396 out of 500 tested). Both in rural and urban population Ascaris lumbricoides was the single predominant species, whereas a combination of A. lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura was common multiple infection. All cultures of fecal samples positive for hook worm ova revealed the prevalent species as Necator americanus in this area.

Ascariasis↗
PubMed1983

Two cases of dipylidiasis (dog tapeworm infection) in children: update on an old problem.

Children in households with dogs and cats may become infected with the dog tapeworm more frequently than suspected. Because of age-appropriate hand-to-mouth exploration, young infants and toddlers, through contact with fleas on pets, floors, and furnishings, are particularly susceptible. Knowledge of the life cycle of this animal parasite and the manner in which children acquire and demonstrate infection can lead to early diagnosis and effective treatment.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Host and seasonal associations of Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974 (Acanthocephala: Echinorhynchidae) in Wisconsin fishes.

Ecological associations of Acanthocephalus parksidei Amin, 1974, were studied in 11 southeastern Wisconsin fishes during 1972-73. Parasitic load was found to be related to host species, size (age), sex, concurrent infections, collection site, and season. Distribution in host intestine was related to the extent or intensity of infection, posterior migration, and concurrent infections. Parasitic cycle commenced in later summer-early autumn, peaked (in frequency and maturation) during the spring, and terminated in the late summer.

Acanthocephala↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The population and genetic relationships in the bream-Digramma interrupta system (pl.) (Cestoda: Ligulidae)].

It was established that host individuals, characterized by a high stability of development, play the main part in the functioning of bream-D. interrupta system. Heterozygous breams turned out to be more stable to the effect of pleurocercoids than homozygous ones. Genetically determined characters of bream infection with pleurocercoids of D. interrupta have been revealed. Mechanism of population genetic relationships in this parasitic system is discussed.

Animals↗