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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1998

Use of services by diabetes patients in managed care organizations. Development of a diabetes surveillance system. CDC Diabetes in Managed Care Work Group.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a diabetes surveillance system that estimates the prevalence of diabetes and characterizes service use in diverse managed care organizations (MCOs). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Computerized inpatient, pharmacy, outpatient, and laboratory records were used to develop an algorithm to identify diabetes patients and to develop surveillance indicators common to the three participating MCOs. Using 1993 data, the availability, specifications, and limitations of various surveillance indicators were determined. RESULTS: An extensive set of diabetes surveillance indicators was identified from the four sources of data. Consistent data specifications across MCOs needed to consider variation in the type of data collected, a lack of documentation on level of coverage, differences in coding data, and different models of health care delivery. A total of 16,363 diabetes patients were identified. The age-adjusted prevalence of diabetes ranged from 24 to 29 per 1,000 enrollees. Approximately one-third of patients with diabetes (32-34%) were taking insulin. The majority had one or more visits to a primary care physician during the year (72-94%). Visits to specialists were less frequent. Ophthalmologists and optometrists were the most commonly used specialists: 29-60% of the patients with diabetes at the three MCOs had visited an ophthalmologist or optometrist. About one-fifth had an overnight hospital stay during the year. CONCLUSIONS: This diabetes surveillance system is a useful tool for MCOs to track trends in prevalence of diabetes, use of health services, and delivery of preventive care to individuals with diabetes. This system may also be useful for health care planning and for assessing use changes after new developments in diabetes care or new quality management initiatives.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Design of a mosquito trap support pole for use with CDC miniature light traps.

A mosquito trap support pole constructed from polyvinyl chloride and aluminum pipes was designed to hang a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention miniature light trap and dry ice container. Miniature light traps normally hang from tree branches. The trap support pole is designed to hang traps and dry ice bait in areas where no suitable trees exist.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Corynebacterium CDC group JK (Corynebacterium jeikeium) sepsis in haematological patients: a report of three cases and a systematic literature review.

We describe 3 patients with Corynebacterium jeikeium sepsis in neutropenic phase during treatment for acute myeloid leukaemia. Fever was the first symptom. All had a central venous catheter which was removed. Two patients developed subcutaneous nodules containing pus when the neutrophil count recovered; 1 had intracutaneous and pulmonary lesions. They were treated with vancomycin and recovered when the neutrophil count started to rise. A review of 80 neutropenic patients with C. jeikeium sepsis reported in the literature, together with our 3 cases indicates that risk factors for infection are the presence of a central venous catheter, being an adult male or postmenopausal female, profound and prolonged neutropenia and exposure to multiple antibiotics. Skin lesions are reported in 48% and pulmonary lesions in 36% of the patients. The overall mortality is 34% but in patients with recovery of the bone marrow only 5%. Therefore haematopoietic growth factors should be considered in neutropenic patients with C. jeikeium infection.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

BSE meeting at CDC.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Alex Langmuir and CDC.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1996

Orthopedic surgery residents and the CDC and AAOS HIV precautionary measures.

A randomized national survey of orthopedic surgery residents concerning their knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of the Centers for Disease Control's and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons' (AAOS) universal human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) precautionary measures was conducted. The residents' basic knowledge about the HIV precautionary measures was, in general, poor. Thirty-seven percent indicated that they were "uncertain" or "would not" care for HIV positive patients. Further, the residents' practice behaviors in many instances did not fulfill prescribed universal precautions. Sound educational and professional programs, such as those initiated by the AAOS, are needed to increase the knowledge and improve the practice behaviors of orthopedic residents.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Using CDC's health-related quality of life scale on a college campus.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the performance of the US Centers for Disease Control's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scale among 522 college students. METHODS: Chi-square analysis assessed scale construct validity and analysis of variance (ANOVA) with selected tobacco, alcohol, and substance use variables assessed known-groups validity of the scale's Healthy Days index. RESULTS: Patterns of association among scale items were consistent with those hypothesized. ANOVA analyses revealed significant (P<.05) associations between the Healthy Days index and selected variables in predicted directions. CONCLUSIONS: Preliminary evidence is provided that the HRQOL scale could serve as part of program evaluation, intervention, and surveillance efforts among college students.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. A prospective, population-based surveillance. CDC Meningitis Surveillance Group.

OBJECTIVE: To define the incidence of and possible risk factors for invasive Haemophilus influenzae disease in adults. DESIGN: Prospective, population-based surveillance of hospital and referral bacteriology laboratories. SETTING: Metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia community. PATIENTS: All patients with H. influenzae isolated from normally sterile sites (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, joint, pleura) from 1 December 1988 through 31 May 1990. MEASUREMENTS: Isolates of H. influenzae were analyzed for serotype and biotype status, outer membrane proteins, lipooligosaccharide phenotypes, ribotyping patterns and beta-lactamase production. RESULTS: A total of 194 cases of invasive H. influenzae occurred (annual incidence of 5.6 cases/100,000 population), of which 47 (24%) were in adults 18 years old or older (annual incidence 1.7 cases/100,000 adults). Adults with invasive H. influenzae ranged from 18 to 96 years; 79% were women. Bacteremic pneumonia accounted for 70% of the adult cases. Other sources for invasive H. influenzae in adults were obstetric infections, epiglottitis, and tracheobronchitis; one patient had meningitis. Underlying conditions were noted in 92% of the patients. Chronic lung disease was the most common risk factor, but pregnancy (annual incidence, 4.9/100,000 pregnant women), HIV infection (annual incidence, 41/100,000 known HIV-infected adults), and malignancy were also important. Overall mortality was 28% in adults, and over half of pregnancy-related infections resulted in fetal death. Fifty percent of the 40 isolates available for testing were serotype b; 47.5%, nontypable; and 2.5%, serotype f. Sixteen of the 45 isolates (36%) were ampicillin-resistant. Based on biotypes, outer membrane protein profiles, lipooligosaccharide phenotypes, and ribotyping patterns, the type b isolates showed less heterogeneity than the nontypable isolates but were distinguishable from one another. CONCLUSIONS: Adult cases currently represent one quarter of all cases of invasive H. influenzae disease. Half of the reported adult cases were caused by type b H. influenzae, and the rate of ampicillin resistance in H. influenzae isolates from adults was higher than previously reported. Haemophilus influenzae is an important cause of bacteremia in compromised adults.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Surveillance of HIV infection and zidovudine use among health care workers after occupational exposure to HIV-infected blood. The CDC Cooperative Needlestick Surveillance Group.

OBJECTIVE: To study the risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the patterns of use and associated toxicity of zidovudine among health care workers after an occupational exposure to HIV. DESIGN: An ongoing, prospective surveillance project conducted by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. PARTICIPANTS: Exposed workers voluntarily reported by 312 U.S. health care facilities from August 1983 to June 1992. RESULTS: Four of 1103 enrolled workers with percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood seroconverted (HIV seroconversion rate, 0.36%; upper limit of the 95% Cl, 0.83%); no enrolled workers with mucous membrane (n = 75) or skin (n = 67) contact seroconverted. During October 1988 to June 1992, 31% of 848 enrolled workers used zidovudine after exposure; this proportion increased from 5% during October through December 1988 to 43% during January through June 1992. Despite using zidovudine after exposure, one worker became infected with a strain of HIV that was apparently sensitive to zidovudine. Adverse symptoms, most commonly nausea, malaise or fatigue, and headache, were reported by 75% of workers using zidovudine; 31% of workers did not complete planned courses of zidovudine because of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The risk for HIV seroconversion after percutaneous exposure to HIV-infected blood is 0.36%, which is similar to previous estimates. Zidovudine is used after exposure by a sizable proportion of health care workers enrolled in the project despite frequent, minor, associated symptoms. Documented failures of postexposure zidovudine prophylaxis, including in one worker enrolled in this study, indicate that if zidovudine is protective, any protection afforded is not absolute. Postexposure zidovudine, if used, requires careful consideration of possible risks and benefits.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed1996

Performance characteristics of a rapid HIV antibody assay in a hospital with a high prevalence of HIV infection. CDC-Bronx-Lebanon HIV Serosurvey Team.

BACKGROUND: The delay between collection of blood samples and availability of test results may be as long as 3 weeks and is one barrier to the acceptance of voluntary testing for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Serologic tests that provide results rapidly could overcome this barrier, but the accuracy and reliability of rapid tests have not been well characterized in the United States. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate, in a "real world" setting, the performance characteristics of a rapid HIV assay that reduces the need for patients to return for counseling after the test. DESIGN: Testing of HIV antibodies by rapid and nonrapid assays and survey about risk behaviors for HIV. SETTING: A hospital in Bronx, New York, with a high prevalence of HIV-seropositive patients. PATIENTS: 837 patients who were not known to be infected with HIV, had not been admitted for conditions related to the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, and agreed to participate in HIV testing and an interview. MEASUREMENTS: Sensitivity and specificity of a rapid HIV antibody assay based on comparisons with nonrapid assay and Western blot assay. RESULTS: According to nonrapid assays, 5.4% of patients were infected with HIV. The rapid assay was highly accurate in this sample overall: its sensitivity was 1.00, its specificity was 0.991, its positive predictive value was 0.865, and its negative predictive value was 1.00. The assay was also highly accurate in various subgroups. CONCLUSIONS: Accurate, rapid tests for HIV infection may enhance testing programs by preventing the need for delayed counseling of seronegative patients and by providing preliminary results to seropositive patients. These preliminary results may encourage patients to return for confirmatory test results and to adopt risk-reducing behaviors sooner.

Adolescent↗