The cystoscope used as a bronchoscope for the removal of a foreign body in the left stem bronchus.
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The use of the carbon dioxide (CO2) and neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers for the endoscopic management of patients with diseases of the tracheobronchial tree is discussed. Advantages and disadvantages of each wavelength are presented. It would appear that there should be unique indications for both of these laser systems; however, each can be used relatively safely and interchangeably if certain precautions are followed.
Certain safety precautions are necessary in the performance of CO2 laser bronchoscopy. These include special instrumentation and careful selection of patients. Assessment of tumor vascularity is mandatory because of the limited hemostasis provided by the CO2 laser. The x-ray film evaluation of the integrity of the tracheobronchial tree--for treatment that involves the palliation of obstructing malignant lesions--is outlined.
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