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PubMed1997

The combination of oral acitretin and bath PUVA for the treatment of severe psoriasis.

We report four patients with severe erythrodermic, pustular psoriasis, or plaque-type psoriasis, who were treated with a combination of acitretin and bath PUVA. After 4 weeks out-patient treatment, the psoriasis in all patients had improved by > or = 90%. No patient had relapsed when reviewed at 3 months. No significant side-effects were seen with the combined retinoid/bath PUVA treatment. Acitretin and bath PUVA may be safely combined for the treatment of severe psoriasis.

Acitretin↗
PubMed1994

Retrolumbar subcutaneous ependymoma and giant bathing-trunk nevocellular nevus.

BACKGROUND: Subcutaneous ependymomas have been reported rarely in dermatologic reviews and, apparently, were never associated with other cutaneous malformations. METHODS: A 60-year-old woman with a retrolumbar subcutaneous ependymoma and a giant bathing-trunk nevocellular nevus submitted to thorough dermatologic and neurologic investigation. The surgical material was extensively analyzed with light and electron microscope. The literature was reviewed. RESULTS: The tumor fits exactly the classical prerequisites of the clinical and pathologic diagnosis. In contrast with the literature, it developed at 53 years, apparently after a trauma, within a congenital giant nevocellular nevus, at the retrolumbar level; it proved unrelated to any spinal cord alteration and so far appeared quite benign. CONCLUSIONS: The observation of a retrolumbar subcutaneous ependymoma is reported with detail; this tumor exceptionally recognized by dermatologists must be included in the differential diagnosis of lumps arising in the retrolumbar-retrosacral area. The most peculiar feature was its development within a giant bathing-trunk nevocellular nevus; such a fascinating association of two neurectodermal defects, as far as known, is presented for the first time.

Ependymoma↗
PubMed1996

Direct electrochemistry of the hydroxylase of soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath).

The redox properties of the hydroxylase component of soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath) have been thoroughly investigated. Previous studies used redox indicator titrations and spectroscopic methods for the determination of the concentrations of reduced species. Herein we report, for the first time, direct electrochemistry (i.e. without the use of mediators) of the diiron centers of the hydroxylase from M. capsulatus (Bath) at a modified gold electrode giving rise to two waves at 4(+/- 10) mV and -386(+/- 14) mV versus saturated calomel electrode (SCE). In addition, the effects of proteins B and B' on the redox reactions were determined. The redox potentials of the complex with protein B are -25(+/- 14) mV and -433(+/- 8) mV versus SCE whereas protein B' had no effect though it did alter the effect of protein B on the redox potentials.

Electrochemistry↗
PubMed1996

The effects of whirlpools baths in labor: a randomized, controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Showers and tubs in labor were not generally used in our center. When three whirlpool baths (Jacuzzis) were ordered as part of our renovations, a randomized, controlled trial was initiated to explore their effects on narcotic and epidural requirements. METHODS: This study employed an intent-to-treat design, and the sample size was estimated to account for the fact that some women would be unable to use the tub. The experimental group of 393 women was offered the tub during labor and the control group of 392 women received conventional care. RESULTS: No births occurred in the tub. The tub group required fewer pharmacologic agents than controls (66% vs 59%, p = 0.06), experienced fewer deliveries by forceps and vacuum (p = 0.019), and were more likely to have an intact perineum than the standard-care group (p = 0.019). Labor was longer for the tub group (p = 0.003), who coincidentally were more primiparous and in earlier labor on admission. No differences were noted in the low rates of maternal and newborn signs of infection in women with ruptured membranes. A subset of mothers expressed satisfaction with the tub experience and labor support. The cesarean rate among both groups was lower (8.9%) than our overall rate (16.6%) during the study period. CONCLUSIONS: Whirlpool baths in labor have positive effects on analgesia requirements, instrumentation rates, condition of the perineum, and personal satisfaction. Further study is being planned.

Delivery Rooms↗
PubMed1990

Partial substitution of sodium lactate for sodium acetate in the bath fluid for hemodialysis.

To the authors knowledge, lactate (LA) has never been used in hemodialysis concentrates. A new concentrate has been designed in which a low acetate (AC) concentration is complemented with LA up to standard quantities of buffer with the aim of minimizing the side effects of AC. In 14 classically AC-intolerant hemodialysis patients (low body surface area of 1.47 +/- 0.15 m2, decrease of serum bicarbonate level during hemodialysis by 2 mmol/L or more, and postdialysis hyperacetatemia of greater than 7.0 mmol/L) a concentrate with LA was used (Na, 138; K, 1.5; Ca, 1.75; Mg, 0.75; Cl, 109.5; AC, 17.5; and D,L-lactate, 17.5 mmol/L) and compared with the same bath with only AC as a buffer (35 mmol/L). Patients were blindly and randomly assigned to either the AC or the LA bath during six hemodialyses. Blood gases, AC, and L-LA levels were measured before and after dialysis. The number of symptomatic hypotension episodes and other symptoms such as vomiting, headache, or cramps were recorded in each dialysis. The postdialysis pH showed the same increase with both concentrates. The AC dialysis caused a significant decrease in PCO2 (26.05 +/- 2.48 versus 34.37 +/- 2.24 mm Hg; p less than 0.001) and bicarbonate level (15.84 +/- 2.12 versus 19.82 +/- 1.45 mmol/L; p less than 0.001). Dialysis with LA showed a smaller decrease in PCO2 (31.60 +/- 2.00 versus 35.45 +/- 2.25 mm Hg; p less than 0.01), and the bicarbonate level remained stable (19.43 +/- 1.85 versus 20.02 +/- 1.91 mmol/L; NS). Final acetatemia was lower in LA dialysis (3.12 +/- 1.6 versus 9.73 +/- 1.6 mmol/L; p less than 0.001).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Acetates↗
PubMed1996

Anisotropy, fiber curvature, and bath loading effects on activation in thin and thick cardiac tissue preparations: simulations in a three-dimensional bidomain model.

INTRODUCTION: A modeling study is presented to explore the effects of tissue conductivity, fiber orientation, and presence of an adjoining extracellular volume conductor on electrical conduction in cardiac muscle. Simulated results are compared with those of classical in vitro experiments on superfused thin layer preparations and on whole hearts. METHODS AND RESULTS: The tissue is modeled as a three-dimensional bidomain block adjoining an isotropic bath. In the thin layer model, the fibers are assumed parallel. In the thick block model, fiber rotation, curvature, and tipping are incorporated. Results from the thin layer model explain experimental observations that the rate of rise of the entire action potential upstroke is faster and the magnitude of the extracellular potential is smaller across fibers than along fibers in a uniformly propagating front. The simulation identified that this behavior only arises in tissue with unequal anisotropy in the two spaces and adjoining an extracellular bath. Simulated conduction and potential distributions in the thick block model are shown to well approximate experimental maps. The potentials are sensitive to changes in the fiber orientations. A slight 5 degrees tipping of intramural fibers out of the planes parallel to the epicardium and endocardium will lead to an asymmetry of the magnitudes of the positive regions. In addition, the introduction of fiber curvature leads to more realistic isochrone and extracellular potential distributions. The orientation of the central negative region of the extracellular potential is shown to be determined by the average of the fiber direction at the plane of pacing and the plane of recording. CONCLUSIONS: The simulations demonstrate the sensitivity of spread of activation and potential time courses and distributions to the underlying electrical properties in both thick and thin slabs. The bidomain model is shown to be a useful representation of cardiac tissue for interpreting experimental data of activation.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1999

PUVA-bath photochemotherapy (PUVA-soak therapy) of recalcitrant dermatoses of the palms and soles.

PUVA-bath therapy has proven to avoid many side effects associated with oral 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) treatment. In order to investigate the effectiveness of topical PUVA-bath therapy (PUVA-soak therapy) on chronic palmoplantar dermatoses, 30 patients with plaque-type psoriasis, pustular psoriasis, endogenous eczema, dyshidrotic eczema and hyperkeratotic dermatitis of the palms and soles were treated over 8 weeks with PUVA-soak using 8-MOP. No additional treatment except skin moisturising cream such as unguentum emulsificans aquosum was used during the study period. The single UVA-doses applied ranged from 0.3 to 3.0 J/cm2 (mean single dose of 1.8 J/cm2), with a mean cumulative dose of 48.6 J/cm2 per patient. Altogether 26 of 30 patients responded well within 8 weeks of treatment with 63% of all patients showing a complete remission and 23% showing considerable improvement, as shown by flattening of plaques, decreased scaling and erythema, as well as decreased vesicle and pustule formation. The condition responding best to our therapy was palmoplantar psoriasis followed by atopic eczema. Hyperkeratotic dermatitis displayed the poorest responding rates in this study. Unwanted side effects such as erythema, pain, blistering or patchy hyperpigmentation were not observed in any of the patients. We conclude that PUVA-soak therapy can be highly efficient in the treatment of palmoplantar dermatoses, especially in the management of palmoplantar psoriasis.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed1980

Interaction between nerve-related acetylcholine and bath applied agonists at the frog end-plate.

1. The interaction between acetylcholine (ACh) and carbachol (CCh) has been studied at the frog end-plate. The conditioning agonist, CCh, can cause desensitization (reduction of the ACh test response) and potentiation (increase of the test response). 2. Nerve-evoked end-plate currents (e.p.c.s), minature e.p.c.s and "slow" responses to ACh ionophoresis can all be potentiated by bath or ionophoretically applied CCh. 3. Since potentiation was found to be particularly visible at low temperatures, most experiments were performed at 5-8 degrees C. Potentiation results in an increase of both e.p.c. amplitude and e.p.c. decay time. Potentiated e.p.c.s teminate with a slow tail, the amplitude of which shows a high voltage sensitivity. Potentiation increases with CCh concentration (range studied 0-100 microM). It appears to persist throughout the application of CCh, even when desensitization is apparently the dominant phenomenon. 4. It is suggested that cross-potentiation of ACh by CCh results from the formation of intermediate non-conducting CCh-receptor complexes which have a high probability of being subsequently activated by ACh, yielding a conducting ACh-CCh-receptor complex. 5. Desensitization induced by fast bath application of CCh (or ACh) develops in two phases and can be fitted by the sum of two exponentials. Their time constants are in the second and the minute range, respectively. 6. The possibility that the slow phase is linked to the presence of agonist inside the cell is rejected.

Acetylcholine↗
PubMed1988

Bioluminescence Assay for Measuring the Number of Bacteria Adhering to the Hydrocarbon Phase in the BATH Test.

A thorough validation of the bacterial adherence to hydrocarbons (BATH) test was performed by means of a bioluminescence assay. Ten different gram-negative strains were subjected to the BATH test. For the calculation of the adhesion index, several factors had to be taken into account: ATP leakage, the action of ATP-hydrolyzing enzymes, the change in the extraction efficiency of Nucleotide-Releasing Reagent for Microbial Cells (NRB; Lumac bv) after vortexing and the difference in light production after the addition of NRB. When the adhesion index values obtained by bioluminescence measurement were used as reference, the total plate count technique appeared to be unreliable in estimating the number of bacteria adhering to the hydrocarbon phase. A highly significant correlation was established, however, between those reference values and the adhesion index values obtained by the optical density reading for octane and especially for hexadecane. With xylene, no correlation was found between the optical density reading values and the total plate count or bioluminescence values.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1999

High-molecular-mass multi-c-heme cytochromes from Methylococcus capsulatus bath.

The polypeptide and structural gene for a high-molecular-mass c-type cytochrome, cytochrome c553O, was isolated from the methanotroph Methylococcus capsulatus Bath. Cytochrome c553O is a homodimer with a subunit molecular mass of 124,350 Da and an isoelectric point of 6. 0. The heme c concentration was estimated to be 8.2 +/- 0.4 mol of heme c per subunit. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum showed the presence of multiple low spin, S = 1/2, hemes. A degenerate oligonucleotide probe synthesized based on the N-terminal amino acid sequence of cytochrome c553O was used to identify a DNA fragment from M. capsulatus Bath that contains occ, the gene encoding cytochrome c553O. occ is part of a gene cluster which contains three other open reading frames (ORFs). ORF1 encodes a putative periplasmic c-type cytochrome with a molecular mass of 118, 620 Da that shows approximately 40% amino acid sequence identity with occ and contains nine c-heme-binding motifs. ORF3 encodes a putative periplasmic c-type cytochrome with a molecular mass of 94, 000 Da and contains seven c-heme-binding motifs but shows no sequence homology to occ or ORF1. ORF4 encodes a putative 11,100-Da protein. The four ORFs have no apparent similarity to any proteins in the GenBank database. The subunit molecular masses, arrangement and number of hemes, and amino acid sequences demonstrate that cytochrome c553O and the gene products of ORF1 and ORF3 constitute a new class of c-type cytochrome.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed1990

Sulphur bath and mud pack treatment for rheumatoid arthritis at the Dead Sea area.

Forty patients with classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis in a stage of active disease were treated for two weeks at a spa hotel. The patients were divided into four groups of 10. Group I was treated with daily mud packs, group II with daily hot sulphur baths, group III with a combination of mud packs and hot sulphur baths, and group IV served as a control group. The patients were assessed by a rheumatologist who was blinded to the treatment modalities. Statistically significant improvement for a period of up to three months was observed in the three treatment groups in most of the clinical indices. Improvement in the control group was minor in comparison and not statistically significant. No significant improvement was observed in any of the laboratory variables measured. Except for three mild cases of thermal reaction there were no side effects.

Arthritis, Rheumatoid↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Observations on the effect of immersion in Bath spa water.

Immersion in water in spas has been practised for centuries and has many proponents. Despite fierce debate about its efficacy there has been little scientific evaluation of the effect of immersion in mineral waters. Eight normal subjects were immersed in Bath spa water for two hours and the renal, haematological, and cardiovascular responses were compared with those in the control periods before and after immersion. Significant, twofold diuresis and natriuresis, 5% haemodilution, and a 50% increase in cardiac index were observed in subjects immersed, sitting, in Bath spa water at 35 degrees C. These changes may constitute part of the scientific rationale for spa treatment in many states of disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1973

Foot infections in swimming baths.

A 10% random sample of all bathers at a public swimming bath were examined for tinea pedis and verruca.The overall incidence of tinea pedis was 8.5% and of verruca 4.8%. The incidence of tinea pedis in 205 male adults was 21.5%, in 288 boys 6.3%, in 60 adult females 3.3%, and in 220 girls 0.9%. The incidence of verruca in juveniles ranged from 4.2% in boys to 10.5% in girls.It was clear that both infections spread within the baths, and since a relatively small proportion of users admitted to taking precautions to avoid contracting or developing infections it seems advisable that more publicity about recommendations on foot care should be provided.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Recreation in coastal waters: health risks associated with bathing in sea water.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To find out whether bathing in sewage polluted waters implies a danger to bathers' health and to determine the best microbiological indicator to predict the relation between bathing and the appearance of some symptoms. DESIGN: Cohort study. SETTING: City of Santander (north of Spain). PARTICIPANTS: From the people going to four Santander beaches in the period from 1 July to 16 September 1998, a cohort of 2774 persons was recruited who agreed to participate in this study. Of those, 1858 successfully completed a follow up interview conducted in seven days. Respiratory, gastrointestinal, eye, and ear symptoms, and fever occurring during the seven day follow up were recorded. MAIN RESULTS: A total of 136 participants (7.5%) reported symptoms. Visitors reported experiencing symptoms with more frequency than residents. Incidence rates of gastrointestinal, cutaneous and high respiratory tract symptoms were higher in bathers, but the differences were not significant. Total symptoms were related with the amount of total coliforms, faecal coliforms, and faecal streptococci in the water. Gastrointestinal and skin symptoms kept a positive trend with the degree of water pollution by total coliforms in both crude and adjusted analyses. An increased risk was observed in 2500-9999 total coliforms per 100 ml, a figure over the proposed standard, although below the European Union mandatory limit. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that total coliforms are the best predictors of the symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Acute irritant reaction to an antiseptic bath emollient.

Antiseptic bath emollients are commonly prescribed for treatment of eczema and are generally safe for frequent application. Although acute irritant reactions are uncommon it is nevertheless recognised and could have significant morbidity. This case describes a young male patient who developed an acute irritant reaction localised to the external genitalia, mimicking Fournier's gangrene, after overnight application of Oilatum Plus antiseptic bath emollients.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1998

Evaluation of the oxolinic acid--esculin--azide medium for the isolation and enumeration of faecal streptococci in a routine monitoring programme for bathing waters.

m-Enterococcus agar (m-Ent) has been generally considered the reference medium for faecal streptococci in bathing waters. However, it shows several shortcomings, and therefore it is important to test newly developed media that can guarantee more precise results. In this sense, the recently described oxolinic acid--esculin--azide agar medium (OAA) and m-enterococcus agar (m-Ent) were comparatively evaluated for the detection of faecal streptococci from seawater and fresh water. The OAA medium showed a significantly higher relative recovery percentage and specificity for both types of water than m-Ent. A similar spectrum of species was recorded from both media, Enterococcus faecium being predominant in fresh water and Enterococcus faecalis, in seawater. The superior performance of the OAA medium in both types of bathing waters, added to the fact that it does not require the use of complementary confirmative tests, makes this medium an excellent candidate to be employed for monitoring programmes.

Azides↗
PubMed1999

Treatment of renal stones in Bulgaria in ancient times ('Hissarya' baths).

Well-known mineral baths in Bulgaria, 'Hissarya', are described. Their existence dates back more than 25 centuries. 'Hissarya' is an Arabic word meaning 'siege of a castle'. Remains of castle walls are the symbol of 'Hissarya' today. Every year more than 100,000 patients from Bulgaria and other countries visit 'Hissarya'. From the time of the Thracians and the Roman Empire until now renal stones have been successfully treated by drinking the mineral water and by taking baths. The Roman Emperor Septimius Severus (193-211) visited 'Hissarya' every spring to treat his renal disease.

Balneology↗
PubMed2000

Influence of a perfusing bath on the foot of the cardiac action potential.

Recently, Spach et al (Circ Res. 1998;83:1144-1164) measured the transmembrane action potential 150 to 200 microm below the tissue surface during longitudinal and transverse propagation. They found that "during longitudinal propagation there was initial slowing of V(m) [action potential] foot that resulted in deviations from a simple exponential. " (p 1144). They attributed this behavior to the effects of capillaries on propagation. The purpose of this commentary is to show that the perfusing bath plays an important role in determining the time course of the action potential foot, even when the transmembrane potential is measured 150 microm below the tissue surface. Using numerical simulations based on the bidomain model, we find that the action potential foot for transverse propagation is nearly exponential (tau(foot)=314 micros). For longitudinal propagation, the action potential foot is not exponential because of an initial slowing (best-fit tau(foot)=483 micros). We conclude that the perfusing bath must be taken into account when interpreting data showing differences in the shape of the action potential foot with propagation direction, even if the transmembrane potential is measured 150 microm below the tissue surface.

Action Potentials↗