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Mycotic infections of the penis.

Balanitis/balanoposthitis caused by Candida albicans is the most frequent mycotic infection of the penis. Its incidence is increasing and it seems to be primarily transmitted by sexual intercourse. Although the groin is a common site for tinea, dermatophytic infections of the penis are rare. Penile involvement in systemic mycosis is usually a sign of severe disease. In immunocompromised individuals, nearly every fungal agent may cause the disease. It normally presents as ulceration, and biopsy and culture can help to confirm the diagnosis. In most cases, superficial infections of the penis respond satisfactorily to local antifungal treatment, especially if provovatice factors and the possibility of sexual transmission are considered. Systemic treatment is recommended in cases of widespread dermatophytic infection, candidosis or systemic mycosis.

Balanitis↗

High prevalence of ulcerative posthitis in Rasa Aragonesa rams associated with a legume-rich diet.

This study describes an outbreak of ulcerative posthitis that eventually affected 76 of 80 of rams in a flock of Rasa Aragonesa sheep on a legume-rich diet. Lesions were confined to the prepuce and varied from mild hyperaemia to ulcerations. Corynebacterium renale was isolated from the lesions. Treatment of an initial group of 17 was based on a change of diet and topical treatment with Veterin Banedif with prednisolone once a day for 15 days and was successful. Lesions in this group were completely resolved after 15 days. The relationship between a legume-rich diet, ruminal alkalosis, elevated urine pH and posthitis is discussed.

Animal Feed↗

Phallus-inflammation of ganders: clinical observations and comparative bacteriological examinations of healthy and altered organs.

The examination of acute or chronically altered phallus-tissues of ganders revealed microorganisms belonging to the genera Mycoplasma, Bacteroides, Clostridium, Streptococcus, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Lactobacillus, Corynebacterium, Escherichia, Campylobacter, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Candida and to the family Pasteurellaceae, isolated in different frequencies. Bacteriologic examinations of the phallus-tissues and cloacal mucous membranes of healthy juvenile ganders showed microorganisms of the same genera or family, except Mycoplasma and Candida spp. Pathogenesis and possibilities of treating phallus-inflammations in ganders are discussed.

Animals↗

Granulomatous balanoposthitis after intravesical Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin instillation therapy.

We report a rare case of granulomatous balanoposthitis after intravesical Bacillus-Calmette-Guerin (BCG) instillation therapy in a 58-year-old man, which followed transurethral resection (TUR) for recurrent bladder cancer, when his anterior urethra was slightly narrow and his foreskin was with phimosis. Intravesical BCG instillation therapy was started for prophylaxis of recurrent bladder cancer after TUR. Multiple painless firm papules on glans penis, edema in the foreskin and low-grade fever appeared after the seventh instillation, for which the single antituberculous agent isoniazid (300 mg/day) was administered. Biopsy of the papules on glans penis and foreskin revealed granulomatous balanoposthitis. Low-grade fever normalized and the papules disappeared within 1 week. The patient continued chemotherapy with isoniazid for the next 12 months. There was no recurrence of bladder cancer or balanoposthitis for 15 months and to date.

Adjuvants, Immunologic↗

Meatoplasty.

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Balanitis↗

Neonatal circumcision.

The American Academy of Pediatrics has stated that there is no valid medical reason for performing routine neonatal circumcision. Although the issue is hotly debated in medical circles, little attention has been given to the issue in the nursing literature. It is important that nurses understand the medical, social, religious, and child care issues involved in order to help parents make informed decisions regarding circumcision of their neonate.

Africa↗

Gastroesophageal reflux in patients fed by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG): detection by a simple scintigraphic method.

OBJECTIVES: Gastroesophageal scintigraphy has been described as a sensitive and accurate way to detect and quantitate gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Our objectives here were to evaluate the usefulness of a modified scintigraphic technique in the detection of GER and lung aspiration in patients fed by percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), and to assess the incidence of GER after insertion of PEG. Further, we sought to examine whether or not the underlying cause of dysphagia plays any significant part in the causation of GER. METHODS: Twenty-two patients, 13 with neurological dysphagia and nine with mechanical dysphagia, were studied. Each patient received 25 MBq of Tc-99m-tin colloid in orange juice followed by 300 ml of normal saline through the PEG tube. Dynamic and static images were taken immediately and at 4 h over esophagus, stomach, and lungs. RESULTS: Twelve patients (10 with neurological dysphagia) had GER and one had aspiration into the lungs. In all but one patient GER occurred in the immediate postprandial period. CONCLUSIONS: Scintigraphy is useful in assessing GER in PEG-fed patients. We also note that GER is a major problem in patients with PEG, especially in those with neurological dysphagia.

Adult↗