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PubMed1987

[Abrikosov's tumor of the lobular bronchus].

The authors present a brief review of the literature on Abrikosov's tumour, as well as their own observation. In a patient, aged 32, the X-ray examination revealed a supralobar bronchus tumour. Bronchoscopically the tumour occluded the bronchial lumen. Left lobectomy was performed. Histologically Abrikosov's tumour arose from the submucosal bronchial layer and consisted of large spherical and polygonal cells with a light eosinophilic granular cytoplasm.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

[Significance of stenoses of the main bronchus within the scope of congenital abnormalities of the respiratory tract].

During a period of 23 years (1962 to 1984) we found 197 children with stenoses of the main bronchi among 2,000 bronchological first examinations of children suffering from chronic or recurring bronchopulmonary diseases. In 75 children these stenoses were combined with those of the trachea, in 122 children they were restricted to the main bronchi. The left main bronchus showed an predominant incidence of 85 per cent. Only in 5 cases an extrabronchial cause could be established by anomalous vessels. In the main part of the patients we found intramural stenoses due to congenital circumscribed malazia or to complete aplasia of the bronchial cartilage. The clinical symptoms of a recurring obstructive bronchitis were predominating in nearly 80 per cent of the patients. By follow-up investigations of 65 children with an average duration of 8 years no deaths had occurred. Forty children (65 per cent) were without any complaints and could be physically loaded in a normal way, whereas 21 children showed persistent mild or moderate complaints. In two patients with cystic fibrosis and two others without this basic disorder bronchiectases had developed distal of the stenoses. Bronchological controls after an average follow-up of 3 1/2 years showed in 60 per cent of the children still unchanged stenoses and deforming changes of the bronchial wall distal of the stenoses in contrast to the more favourable clinical findings.

Bronchi↗
PubMed1978

[Non resectable squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus. Study of the immunological status as prognosis factor and attempt at immunorestoration with B.C.G. (author's transl)].

Sixty-six patients with bronchus non resectable squamous cell carcinoma (stage III and 14) entered into a protocol of chemotherapy depending upon their initial immunological status. These patients with (+) skin tests to recall antigens were allocated to a chemotherapy programme; patients with initially (-) skin tests were submitted to a protocol of immunorestauration with B.C.G. After three weeks of B.C.G. applications on scarifications 17 patients out of 31 presented with (+) skin tests and were considered as immunocompetent patients. All the patients then were submitted to chemotherapy protocol. The comparison of different median of survival have demonstrated that immune status appears as the more fundamental prognosis factor; the B.C.G. is able to transitory restore the immunity of the patients without any modification of the tumour progress. The median of survival of patients with initially (+) skin tests was ten months, and only two months for patients with (-) skin tests. The median of survival of patients whom immunity was restored with B.C.G. was nine months. The results of this trial let us to propose new strategy for treatment of these patients.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Anti-TNP-forming cells in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) of the rat after intratracheal priming and boosting with TNP-KLH.

The aim of the present study was to elucidate the role of the paratracheal lymph node (PTLN) and bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) in the generation of antigen-specific antibody-forming cells after intratracheal administration of trinitrophenyl-conjugated keyhole limpet haemocyanin (TNP-KLH). Priming as well as boosting resulted in the occurrence of specific antibody-forming cells in the PTLN, in BALT and in the lung. No anti-TNP-forming cells were observed in Peyer's patch, mesenteric lymph node and popliteal lymph node. From the data on the kinetics of anti-TNP-forming cells, it is concluded that intratracheal administration of antigen leads to a locally confined plasmacellular reaction. This suggests that the migrating and/or homing capacities of memory cells generated in the lung environment (PTLN, BALT) differ from those generated in the gut.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Pleuritis and pneumonia attributed to a conifer twig in a bronchus of a horse.

A conifer twig was responsible for severe fibrinopyogranulomatous adhesive pleuritis and pneumonia in a horse. At necropsy, the twig was found in a terminal bronchus and extended into the lung parenchyma, through the pleura, and into the accumulated exudate. Inhalation of plant material may be a more common cause of pleuritis than previously recognized. Meticulous examination at necropsy would be necessary to make the diagnosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Notifiable malignant lesions in the RSA, 1979-1983--trends and mortality. I. Malignant neoplasms of the bronchus and lung.

Primary malignant tumours of the bronchus, lung and pleura were introduced as notifiable medical conditions in August 1979. The western Cape, Natal and eastern Cape have been the regions with the highest notification rates. Small numbers of cases and deaths were notified from other areas (Orange Free State, southern Transvaal, northern Transvaal and northern Cape). During the period 1979-1983 one-fifth of deaths registered at Central Statistical Services were notified to the Department of National Health and Population Development. Mortality due to lung cancer, as registered, increased by 39.3% in coloured females; from 24.2/100,000 to 33.7/100,000.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Bronchus associated lymphoid tissue in the lungs of cattle: relationship to age.

The occurrence and morphological features of bronchus associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) were examined by light and electron microscopy in the non-pneumonic left lungs of five age groups of cattle from neonate to aged adult. The amount of BALT was correlated with age. It was absent in neonatal lungs and increased progressively with age until it declined in aged adult cattle. Within age groups the occurrence and morphology of BALT was variable. Widely scattered lymphoid aggregates were the predominant morphological type of BALT in the bovine lung. Follicular development in BALT foci was less frequent and quite variable within individual lungs. Morphologically distinct lymphoepithelium overlying BALT foci could not be demonstrated in non-pneumonic bovine lungs.

Aging↗
PubMed1985

The specificity of the high endothelial venule in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT).

By using an in vitro binding assay, the specificity of T and B cell adherence on high endothelial venules (HEV) of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was studied in the rat and the guinea pig. It was found that the adherence specificity of the BALT HEV is different from that found in Peyer's patches and more closely resembles the specificity of the HEV in mesenteric lymph nodes. The data are discussed in view of a common mucosal immune system.

Animals↗
PubMed1985

[Traumatic rupture of the middle lobe bronchus and pulmonary artery: considerations apropos of a case].

The authors report the case of a road accident which resulted in rupture of the middle lobe bronchus. There was an associated lesion of the pulmonary artery. Treatment was conservative after primary evaluation of the right pulmonary artery at its origin. Vascular trauma associated with rupture of the main bronchi is rare. The prevalence is greater in the case of rupture of the more distal lobar bronchi. It is important to be aware of this possibility, and the pulmonary artery must be inspected before such lesions are treated surgically.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1985

Cisplatin, etoposide, and radiotherapy in regional inoperable squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus.

Thirty-three ambulatory patients with limited stage, inoperable, squamous cell carcinoma of the bronchus were administered cisplatin (60 mg/m2 IV on day 1) and etoposide (VP-16) (400 mg/m2 orally in divided doses over days 3, 4, and 5). This regimen was repeated every 28 days for a maximum of six courses. Radiotherapy was given to patients who did not respond to chemotherapy for urgent relief of local symptoms, or as adjuvant to chemotherapy in responding patients. Response to chemotherapy was assessable in 28 patients. Patients experiencing early death were included in the evaluation. Ten patients (36%) had progressive disease and nine (32%) had stable disease during chemotherapy. Eight patients achieved radiologically verified partial response (PR) and one, a complete response (CR) verified bronchoscopically, yielding an overall response rate of 32%. Of responding patients who proceeded to radiotherapy, one patient showing PR was converted to a CR; another patient with PR improved, although not to CR. The median survival of 33 patients was 49 weeks. There were two deaths among nine responding patients (at 38 and 48 weeks), and nine deaths among 19 nonresponders (six before the 27th week). The principle toxic reactions were nausea and vomiting, which were serious (greater than grade 2) in 29 of 33 patients. All patients receiving more than one course of chemotherapy suffered total alopecia. Cisplatin/etoposide is an effective combination in some patients with regional, squamous cell lung cancer, but randomized trials comparing it to radiotherapy alone are required to establish real survival benefit.

Adult↗
PubMed1971

Study of cytotoxic chemotherapy as an adjuvant to surgery in carcinoma of the bronchus. Report by a Medical Research Council Working Party.

This report gives the findings after two years of a study of long-term oral cytotoxic chemotherapy with busulphan or cyclophoshamide in carcinoma of the bronchus compared with two placebos, identical in appearance to the drug-containing tablets. A total of 753 patients who had had a total resection of the tumour, who had no detectable extrathoracic metastasis, and who were able to attend chest clinics monthly were admitted to the study from January 1965 to January 1968. Twenty-seven patients were excluded from all the analyses.The 217 patients admitted up to December 1965 form the "early" intake, the remaining 509 the "late" intake. There were no significant differences between the series in either intake period in a number of pretreatment factors studied. At 24 months 46% of the busulphan, 44% of the cyclophosphamide, and 49% of the placebo series were alive in the early intake, as were 49%, 50%, and 50% respectively in the late intake. There were no important differences between the series in survival related to pretreatment condition, cause of death, time of detection of metastases, and condition of the survivors at 24 months. Maintenance chemotherapy was interrupted to a greater extent in the busulphan than in the cyclophosphamide series and least in the placebo series.In both intakes clinical toxicity was more frequent in the cyclophosphamide series and similar in frequency in the busulphan and placebo series. Haematological toxicity was particularly frequent and severe in the busulphan series, especially in the early intake, platelet depression being the predominant manifestation.It is concluded that there is no evidence that either of the two cytotoxic drugs in the dosage prescribed improved survival for the two-year period of observation, though a final evaluation of the adjuvant chemotherapy as studied in this investigation will have to await the results at five years.

Adult↗
PubMed1979

The response of rat bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue to local antigenic challenge.

Single doses of antigen suspension (alum-precipitated canine serum proteins) were administered intratracheally to SPF rats. After periods of 1, 2 and 3 weeks rats were killed and their lungs examined histologically. After an initial macrophage and perivascular lymphoid reaction, dose-related increases were found in the amount of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) and in the amount of DNA within BALT cells, indicating increased cell division. Immunoglobulin-containing cells were demonstrated within BALT 3 weeks after the exposure to antigen. A prominent and extensive bronchial lympho-epithelium was seen overlying BALT follicles in antigen-treated rats, while in control animals the respiratory epithelium overlying BALT was predominantly normal ciliated epithelium. The significance of these findings is discussed in the light of the possible defensive role of BALT in cases of respiratory disease of man and animals.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

E and EAC rosetting lymphocytes in patients with carcinoma of bronchus. II. A sequential study of thirty patients: effect of BCG.

T and B lymphocytes have been estimated in thirty patients with carcinoma of bronchus at monthly intervals. The patients have been treated by surgery, radiotherapy or no conventional antineoplastic therapy, with or without monthly intradermal BCG. Significant increase in T-lymphocyte percentages occurred in three out of six patients treated by BCG and no conventional therapy, and similar increases were observed in other BCG-treated patients. Patterns emerged suggesting that the T-lymphocyte percentage may be depressed, directly or indirectly, by tumour and recover after surgery or palliative radiotherapy; that high T-lymphocyte levels may accompany reactive lymphocytosis to tumour and that T-lymphocyte collapse was associated with, and appeared to precede terminal clinical deterioration in many patients.

B-Lymphocytes↗
PubMed1978

Live fish in right bronchus.

A rare type of foreign body - a live fish - inhaled into the right bronchus has been reported. A small fish may not cast a shadow in the x-ray.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

[Clinical experiences with Holoxan in small cell carcinoma of the bronchus (author's transl)].

Clinical experiences obtained until now in the treatment of 47 patients with small cell carcinoma of the bronchus with Holoxan are reported. Special emphasis is laid to the results of a prospective randomized study; two groups of patients, one of them undergoing Holoxan therapy, the other receiving symptomatic treatment, have been investigated in respect of relationship between tumour remission, quality of life and survival time.

Bronchial Neoplasms↗