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At least 739 records · Page 41Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Cardiorespiratory functions in the fetal llama.

Factors which allow the adaptation of adult llamas to oxygen limitation include principally: low P50, small elliptical red cells with high hemoglobin concentration, high muscle myoglobin concentration, high capillary density and a more efficient O2 extraction at tissue levels. The fetal llama is known to have blood with a low P50 but it is not known whether it has further cardiorespiratory adaptations which could allow it to cope with a low oxygen milieu. To investigate this, we have measured fetal blood flow and blood oxygen content in 8 fetal llamas and compared the findings to similar measurements in 10 low altitude bred fetal sheep, during the last third of gestation. The llamas were born and raised at 4500 m. They were brought to Santiago (586 m) and were studied one week later. The results show that there was higher hemoglobin concentration and higher oxygen capacity in blood from the fetal llama compared to the fetal sheep. Fetal llama combined ventricular output and umbilical blood flow were less than one fourth of those found in fetal sheep. Regional blood flows and oxygen delivery to fetal tissues were in most cases less than half those found in the fetal sheep. Calculated vascular resistances in the fetal llama in almost all vascular beds are higher than those in fetal sheep. These studies suggest that basal fetal llama oxygen uptake is maintained due to an increased oxygen extraction by fetal llama tissues. This increased oxygen extraction may be the result of a high capillary density.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Ventilation and oxygen consumption during acute hypoxia in newborn mammals: a comparative analysis.

We asked whether the lack of sustained hyperventilation during acute hypoxia, often reported to occur in the infant, is a common characteristic among newborn mammalian species, and to which extent inter-species differences may be accounted for by differences in metabolic responses. Ventilation (VE) and breathing pattern have been measured by flow-plethysmography or by the barometric method in normoxia and after 10 min of 10% O2 breathing in newborn mammals of 17 species over a 3 g to 20 kg range in body size. In 14 of these species oxygen consumption (VO2) has also been measured by a manometric technique or by calculation from the changes in chamber O2 pressure. VE and VO2 changed in proportion, among species, both in normoxia and hypoxia. In hypoxia, VE was higher, similar, or even lower than in normoxia, with some relation to the degree of maturity of the species at birth. In general, the small or absent VE responses to hypoxia resulted from small or no increase in tidal volume, while breathing frequency stayed elevated. The few departures from this pattern could be explained by interspecies differences in hypoxic sensitivity, since additional experiments in kittens and puppies indicated that, with more severe hypoxia, the pattern changed from rapid and shallow to deep and slow. In all cases, irrespective of the magnitude of the VE response, the VE/VO2 (and the mean inspiratory flow/VO2) increased during hypoxia, because the drop in VE, when present, was accompanied by an even larger drop in VO2. In fact, VO2 in hypoxia decreased in most species, although to variable degrees. Body temperature either did not change or decreased slightly, possibly indicating a trend toward a decrease of the set point of thermoregulation during hypoxia. In conclusion, the analysis gave further support to the concept that, during acute hypoxia, changes in metabolic rate play a paramount role in the ventilatory response of the newborn mammal.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

The superiority of the miniature Anion-Exchange Centrifugation Technique for detecting low grade trypanosome parasitaemias.

The efficiency was tested of the Haematocrit Centrifugation Technique (HCT) and the miniature Anion-Exchange Centrifugation Technique (mAECT) for demonstrating trypanosomes in the blood of four antelopes experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense in Liberia. During simultaneous daily application of both methods over a period of six months, parasitaemias were detected on 12 occasions by HCT and on 73 occasions by mAECT during 473 examination days, thus indicating the superiority of the mAECT for the detection of low grade trypanosome infections.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

The incidence of tuberculosis in Lechwe (marsh antelope).

Of the 238 specimens of tissue collected from 70 lechwe (marsh antelope) 79 yielded M. bovis, 1 yielded a mixed growth of M. bovis and an 'atypical' mycobacterium and 6 yielded 'atypical' mycobacteria; the 'atypical' mycobacteria were probably contaminants. Of the 63 lechwe killed as a 1 in 10 random sample from four herds, M. bovis was obtained from 21 animals, indicating that 33% of wild lechwe are infected with tuberculosis.

Animals↗
PubMed1984

Phylogenetic distribution of a 24,000 dalton human leukemia-associated antigen on platelets and kidney cells.

The distribution of a 24,000-dalton human leukemia-associated antigen, p24, was examined using the BA-2 and DU-ALL-1 monoclonal antibodies. BA-2 and DU-ALL-1 bound to human, gorilla, orangutan, macaque, and rabbit platelets but did not bind to mouse, rat, guinea pig, dog, horse, sheep, or goat platelets. Orangutan platelets demonstrated a decreased level of binding with BA-2 and DU-ALL-1. In addition, BA-2, but not DU-ALL-1, bound to chimpanzee platelets suggesting that the chimpanzee has lost the epitope of p24 detected by DU-ALL-1. Immunoperoxidase analysis of kidney tissue with BA-2 and DU-ALL-1 revealed staining of distal tubules and glomeruli, which occurred in a similar phylogenetic distribution to that of p24 on platelets. A monoclonal antibody to the high molecular weight common ALL antigen, J-5, reacted with glomeruli and proximal tubules from human, chimpanzee, orangutan, mangaby , rhesus, and rabbit kidneys but failed to react with rat or mouse kidney.

Animals↗
PubMed1982

Malignant catarrhal fever virus specific secretory IgA in nasal secretions of wildebeest calves.

Wildebeest IgA was isolated from nasal secretions and precolostrum. It was identified by cross-reaction with anti-human and anti-bovine IgA sera. Nasal secretions collected from wildebeest calves over 3 months old had malignant catarrhal fever virus neutralizing antibody activity. They also contained specific IgA to the virus as detected by indirect immunofluorescence. It is suggested that production of malignant catarrhal fever virus specific IgA in the nasal cavity, contributes to the elimination and cessation of the virus shed in the nasal secretions of wildebeest calves over 3 months. old.

Animals↗
PubMed1983

Antibodies in carrier wildebeest to the lymphoproliferative herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever.

Six types of antibody to malignant catarrhal fever virus (MCFV) were measured in 132 sera collected from Wildebeest in Kenya Masailand. The titre of all types of antibody declined slowly with increasing age of the wildebeest. A significantly greater proportion of wildebeest calves had higher titres of antibodies to MCFV early antigens, IgM antibodies to MCFV late antigens and complement-fixing antibodies, than did older animals. One seronegative calf, reared in isolation without colostrum, became seropositive 4 1/2 weeks after birth but did not show any clinical signs indicative of MCFV infection. Similarities between MCFV infection of wildebeest calves and other inapparent infections with lymphoproliferative herpesviruses are discussed.

Aging↗
PubMed1993

Identification of the binding site of two monoclonal antibodies to human protamine.

We have previously developed a number of monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) that bind to protamine. One of these antibodies, Hup1N, binds to human protamine 1 but not to protamine 2. In contrast, Mab HupA binds both protamine 1 and protamine 2. The epitopes for these two Mabs were observed to overlap, and were localized to the evolutionarily conservative amino-terminal region of protamine 1. This assignment is based on antibody binding to protamine from different species in which the protamine sequence is known, as well as analysis of antibody binding to synthetic peptides and synthetic peptides with specific amino acid substitutions.

Amino Acid Sequence↗