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The history of hesperopithecus: the human-ape link that turned out to be a pig.

Nebraska Man was a fossil discovery that was regarded by several leading experts as important in understanding evolutionary history. The only evidence for this anthropod was a single tooth (which turned out to be a pigs' tooth). The discovery and controversy surrounding the Nebraska Man (Hesperopithecus haroldcookii hominoidea) fossil find and its importance in history are reviewed. Its supporters' writings reveal the critical role that preconceptions played in interpreting the limited evidence. Nebraska Man provides a valuable lesson on the importance of presumptions in interpreting evidence in the field of human origins. It also stresses the need for careful evaluation of the empirical evidence for new ideas, and the danger of going beyond what the facts warrant.

Animals↗

[Body fluids ratio and postural stability of head-down tilted apes in the periods of transition into the active vertical position].

It is known that the hypokinetic syndrome and alteration of the hydrostatic component by microgravity distort functioning of various body systems. Prevention of the adverse effects is achieved through implementation of a variety of physical exercises during tilting, and periodic transition into the upright position. The investigation was performed with 11 Macaques (Macaca mulatta) 3 to 5 yrs. of age and 3.2-7.2 kg of weight. Brief (for 30 to 120 min 4 or 5 times a wk.) transition into the active upright position had a positive effect on the body liquids ratio modification in the course of 27-d HDT (-5 degrees). This was concluded from a less pronounced loss in the amount of extracellular liquid and its interstitial component. In addition, another positive result of this manipulation was less, in terms of volume and speed, significant gravity-dependent blood flow toward the lower limbs during 10 minutes of standing test at the end of the experiment as compared with their controls w/o the preventive manipulation.

Animals↗