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PubMed1988

Pleuropulmonary manifestations of actinomycosis and nocardiosis.

Actinomycosis and nocardiosis are uncommon pulmonary infections that share a similar predisposition to involve the pleural space. After establishment of an initial pneumonitis, infection spreads across lung fissures causing pleural thickening, pleural effusions, and empyema. Although less common in the antibiotic era, associated sinus tracts or subcutaneous abscesses may develop adjacent to pleural abnormalities. Both disorders most commonly present as chronic, debilitating illnesses with radiographic manifestations simulating lung cancer or tuberculosis; however, immunocompromised hosts may develop fulminant disease resembling acute bacterial pneumonia. Diagnosis depends on a high degree of suspicion so as to alert the microbiology and pathology laboratories to employ special methods to identify the organisms. The presence of pleural abnormalities in a chronic pulmonary condition is a diagnostic clue, and pleural fluid analysis may occasionally be the only means of confirming the diagnosis.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Chronic cardiac actinomycosis. Case report and review of the literature].

We report the case of a young man in whom a right paracardiac mass was resected. The histopathologic study was compatible with actinomycosis. He developed severe cardiac failure, pulmonary edema and pericardial effusion. He was treated with penicillin, during 12 months. He did well afterwards, however, the echocardiographic follow-up revealed chronic pericardial effusion and thickening and fusion of the pericardium to the epicardial wall.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1988

The lumpy jaw. Cervicofacial actinomycosis.

Cervicofacial actinomycosis is a unique polymicrobic infection of endogenous origin, displaying a highly variable clinical course, ranging from an acute, suppurative lesion to a chronic fibrotic process more suggestive of a malignancy. Lesions advance with total disregard for tissue planes, producing burrowing sinus tracts to the skin or mucosal surfaces, which often discharge sulfur granules, colonies of Actinomyces species cemented together by host phosphatase activity. The diagnosis is quite elusive when proper studies (anaerobic culture, careful tissue examination and fluorescent antibody stains) are not undertaken in a timely fashion. Most cases respond well to a prolonged course of antimicrobial therapy. Some patients require excision of fibrotic lesions or persistent sinus tracts. Penicillin G is considered the agent of choice on the basis of extensive clinical experience; tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin are effective as alternative agents.

Actinomyces↗
PubMed1987

[Utero-ovarian actinomycosis and intrauterine contraceptive devices].

Up to now a rare affection difficult to diagnose in its abdominal localizations, actinomycosis is becoming of topical interest because of the appearance of a new form of the disease: utero-ovarian infection associated with an intra-uterine contraceptive device (IUD). A recent case, of surgical expression, is reported and used as a basis for an update of epidemiologic and pathogenic data concerning the affection. Diagnosis should be facilitated by regular cytobacteriologic examinations in women with the IUD, and simple preventive measures should limit the number of severe forms sometimes requiring more or less extensive excision.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1988

Actinomycosis mimicking abdominal neoplasm. Case report.

In a patient with a 6-month history of nonspecific abdominal complaints, preoperative examination indicated malignant disease involving the right ovary, rectum and sigmoid, but laparotomy revealed abdominal actinomycosis. Removal of the ovary and low anterior colonic resection followed by penicillin treatment gave a good result.

Abdominal Neoplasms↗
PubMed1987

[Primary actinomycosis of the bladder].

A case of vesicular actinomycosis recognized on histopathologic examination of biopsy material from a 48-year-old male is reported. Clinical and paraclinical findings and the nature of histopathologic changes indicated that the lesions in the bladder were primary and contained actinomycotic granulomas of a destructive type. The drusen showed central lysis and were disintegrating into granules.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1986

[Thoracic actinomycosis. Apropos of 5 cases].

Described for the first time by Bradshaw in 1846, actinomycosis is a rare, slowly progressing disease associated with the development of anaerobic bacteria of the Actinomyces genus. It predominates in males and is actively encouraged by poor buccal and dental hygiene and by overall decline of defence mechanisms. Thoracic lesions constitute 15 to 20% of the cases and seem to be relatively increasing. Apart from fistulization to the skin, physical examination usually does not show much; only the presence of yellow grains suggests the diagnosis. Radiography is often misleading, suggesting tuberculosis or cancer. Ultrasonography and, chiefly, computerized tomography are the best methods to evaluate the extension of the disease to the pleura, the chest wall and the mediastinum. The final diagnosis is more often supplied by pathological examination than by bacteriology, which is frequently negative. Treatment is facilitated by the fact that Actinomyces is sensitive to antibiotics, notably to penicillin which still is the first choice drug. A well-conducted treatment will give satisfactory results, but sequelae of retractile fibrosis may be disabling.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1985

Transplantation of cerebral actinomycosis simulating malignant brain tumor into nude mice. Report of a case.

A case of actinomycotic brain abscess simulating malignant brain tumor is presented. Diagnosis was made by histological examination of the operative specimen and of the organs of xenotransplanted Nude mice. The patient survived 3 months after the operation. None of the characteristic organisms could be detected microscopically at the autopsy in the brain and the lung. Xenotransplantation into Nude mice may be a useful method for the relatively quick identification of the causative agent in cases suspected of actinomycosis.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1985

[A case of cervico-facial actinomycosis].

A 23-year old pregnant women was admitted to the hospital because of a lesion on her face simulating an ulcerated tumoral mass, The lesion had appeared after a dental extraction. Although in several anaerobic cultures actinomyces did not grow, the sulfur granules were observed under microscope and the biopsy specimen suggested actinomycosis. Penicillin therapy for 2 months provided no healing. Excision was performed.

Actinomycosis, Cervicofacial↗
PubMed1979

Surgical implications of pulmonary actinomycosis.

Four cases of pulmonary actinomycosis are presented. Resection was necessary in three cases before the diagnosis was established. A high index of suspicion for this disease is advised for the thoracic surgeon involved in the treatment of lung masses.

Actinomyces↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Primary renal actinomycosis].

A case of renal actinomycosis, treated by nephrectomy, in a 41 year-old male, is reported. The clinical diagnosis, to which urography and renal arteriography lent support, was renal anthrax. The pus being sterile on conventional seeding, the investigations were directed towards the finding of characteristic mycelium. Five months after nephrectomy a cerebral abscess developed and the patient died. Although in the cerebral pus only B. proteus and coagulase-positive staphylococci were found, the actinomycotic etiology cannot be excluded since the specific granules were not looked for.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1977

Ovarian actinomycosis developed during the use of a plastic intrauterine contraceptive device.

The case of a primary ovarian actinomycosis developed during the use of a Szontágh--Szereday type plastic IUD is presented. After a radical operation the patient was discharged in a good condition but 40 days later had to be readmitted because of a pelvic and abdominal wall abscess. After local surgery and massive penicillin treatment she is free of complaints. It is assumed that the IUD had a pathomechanical role.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Liver actinomycosis. Report of a case].

A case of liver actinomycosis is presented. It was diagnosed 15 days after the patient had undergone appendicectomy. Emphasis is made concerning the diagnostic difficulties in the clinical, radiological and bacteriological areas. In the present paper note is made of the low frequency of this disease in Mexico. In this case it was possible arrive at a definitive diagnosis only after the histopathological study of material obtained in a needle liver biopsy which demonstrated the sulfur granules that are characteristic of the lesion. Information is given concerning the clinical and surgical evolution as well as therapeutic management. The case is illustrated with representative roentgenograms and a microphotograph of the lesion.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1978

Actinomycosis and lumbar disc disease.

The occurrence of isolated spinal lesions due to actinomycosis is rare. Nonetheless its presence in this case acts as another reminder of the variety of lesions that may present as a lumbar disc syndrome.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1978

Disseminated actinomycosis.

A case of pulmonary actinomycosis with dissemination to skin, subcutaneous tissue, and bone is described. The cutaneous lesions were characterized by tender swellings and fluctuant nodules and were the presenting manifestation of the disease. Typical sulfur granules were present in the skin and pleural biopsies. Actinomyces israelii and its synergistic bacteria Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were cultured from skin and pleura. Clinical improvement, with resolution of lung and disseminated skin lesions, was prompt with parenteral penicillin therapy.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1984

Primary gastric actinomycosis: a case report and review of the literature.

A case of primary gastric actinomycosis presenting as a bleeding gastric tumor is reported. The diagnosis of this infection of the stomach is difficult and may often be established only by histological examination. If the disease is recognized, the prognosis is good because antibiotic treatment is very effective. Recent literature findings are reviewed and clinical and endoscopic features are compared.

Actinomycosis↗