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PubMedDate not supplied

[Hygienic study of a proteolytic preparation obtained from Actinomyces].

An enzymatic preparation rimoprotelin, obtained from Actinomyces rumosus was studied. The results of a microbiological control analysis showed the preparation to contain admixtures of oxytetracycline in an amoun of 950 Un/g. In a 9-months long test with albino rats the enzymatic preparation produced substantial interferences in the composition to the intestinal microflora and increased the incidence of bacterial cultures resistent to oxytetracycline. Morphological changes in the organs and tissues of the test animals, which were, apparently, conditioned by the presence of the antibiotic admixture in the preparation were revealed. This point to the need of a thorough purification of this enzymatic preparation from the oxytetracycline admixture and makes its use as a food additive in its original form imposssible.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

[Study of the structure of colonies of active and inactive Actinomyces parvullus variants using luminescence and scanning microscopy].

The colony structure of the active and inactive proactinomycete-like variants of Actinomyces parvullus producing actinomycin D was studied with luminescent and scanning microscopy. Clear differentiation of the colony profile was shown by the structure and functions of the mycelium layers. A zone of active synthesis and accumulation of the antibiotic was observed in the colonies of the active variant in the upper part of the substrate mycelium with reddish-yellow self luminescence in UV light and characteristic close hyphae "cemented" by the intracellular substance. Formations of the granule type were often noted on the hyphae of that layer. The layer of the aerial mycelium was loosely connected with the substrate mycelium and consisted of sporophores and spore chains partially broken into single spores. The colonies of the inactive proactinomycete-like variant had a slightly differentiated profile with a sponge-like structure, no zones of the antibiotic synthesis being found. The presence of the intracellular substance was observed in the upper part of the colony supersubstrate mycelium.

Dactinomycin↗
PubMed1975

[Spontaneous variability of antibiotic biosynthesis in relation to morphogenetic processes in Actinomyces chromogenes var. trienicus].

Available data on possible relationship between the antibiotic activity of actinomycetes and the level of their differentiation, especially with their spore-formation ability, present certain interest with respect to possible relationship between the synthesis of antibiotics and the formation of secondary structures. The study of spontaneous stable variants of Actinomyces chromogenes var. trienicus demonstrates that all sporogenous variants produce the same complex of antibiotics as does the original population. The loss of the ability to synthesize antibiotics is observed only in the phenotypically different dwarf variant (VI). The impaired differentiation (the loss of spore-formation ability) is accompanied by disturbances in the antibiotic synthesis: asporogenous variants are either inactive or produce only 1 antibiotic from the complex synthesized by the original population. Changes in the structure of spore chains do not probably correlate with qualitative and quantitative measurable changes in the antibiotic synthesis. The statistic evidence is suggestive of the fact that the variant with a more complex profile and topography of aerial mycelium displays a higher activity.

Streptomyces↗
PubMed2002

[Canaliculitis caused by Actinomyces in a case of dry eye with punctal plug occlusion].

BACKGROUND: We report a case of canaliculitis caused by Actinomyces odontolyticus in a case of dry eye with punctal plugs. CASE: A 64-year-old female with Sjögren's syndrome type of dry eye developed lacrimation, congestion in the lower palpebral conjunctiva and corneal epithelial damage in her right eye 30 months after punctal plug occlusion. After removal of the plug from lower punctum in her right eye, white material exuded from the punctum. However, even after the removal of a plug, corneal epithelial keratopathy did not get worse, implying that the granulation tissue formed by the plug completely occluded the canaliculus. Actinomices odontolyticus was cultured from the white material. One week after topical antibiotic treatment, conjunctival congestion and irritation were resolved. CONCLUSION: This report indicates the possibility of canaliculitis as a complication of punctal plug occlusion. Careful observation is necessary after punctal occlusion with punctal plugs.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Formation by Actinomyces malachitospinus sp. nov. of a physiologically active substance that stimulates zygote formation in Mucorales].

A new species Actinomyces malachitospinus sp. nov. is described. It has spiral catenulate spores with spines, a gray aerial mycelium, and a green colonial mycelium, and contains no soluble pigments (including melanoid pigments). The strain of Act. malachitospinus INMI 217 produces a physiologically active substance that stimulates the formation of zygotes in Phycomyces blakesleeanus.

Culture Media↗
PubMed1976

[New antibiotic, parvulomycin, produced by a culture of Actinomyces parvullus var. chromogenes var. nov].

Actinomycete LIA-O784 was isolated from a soil sample. By its morphological and cultural properties the isolate was close to Act. parvullus but differed from it in synthesis of melanoid pygment, thyrosinase, hydrogen sulphide and pronounced antifungal activity. The actinomycete was classified as a new variant and designated as Actinomyces parvullus var. chromogenes var. nov. The culture produced a new polyglycoside antibiotic named parvulomycin. The physico-chemical characteristics of the antibiotic is presented.

Aminoglycosides↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Abdominal mass secondary to actinomyces infection: an unusual presentation and its treatment.

Abdominal actinomycosis may appear as an abdominal mass and/or abscess. This mass can mimic a malignant tumour. The diagnosis and management of abdominal actinomycosis will be discussed through a review of the literature and a case report from our own institution. The patient was a 17-year-old boy who presented with abdominal discomfort and a palpable right lower quadrant mass defined on CT scan. He underwent en bloc resection of the mass for a presumed diagnosis of tumour of uncertain type with intestinal involvement. The diagnosis was reversed, when histology revealed filamentous organisms consistent with actinomyces. He was treated with high dose penicillin for several weeks and was discharged from the hospital taking penicillin orally. Preoperative diagnosis of abdominal actinomycosis is difficult. An accurate diagnosis is always obtained in a histological or microbiological examination, often requiring surgical resection. Recognition is important because successful treatment requires combined surgery and prolonged penicillin treatment.

Abdominal Pain↗
PubMed2004

Actinomyces infection of the mastoid: a rare entity.

A rare case of mastoid infection caused by actinomyces israelii is presented. This patient underwent exploratory mastoidectomy followed by long term oral pencillin. She responded well to the treatment and has been asymptomatic on follow up to date.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Factors causing lysis of an Actinomyces rimosus culture, the producer of the antibiotic, oxytetracycline].

The lysis of Actinomyces rimosus producing oxytetracycline during its mass growth can be caused by two factors which were separated by differential centrifugation. The first factor is phage particles of a temperate phage produced by the culture; they are incapable of growth but may induce the lysis. The phage particles treated with low pH and a temperature of 70 degrees C lose the lytic activity. The second factor is a lytic enzyme produced under the control of the temperate phage during its induction; it seems to consist of at least two enzymes, a lytic enzyme and a proteolytic enzyme.

Bacteriolysis↗
PubMed2006

[Empyema due to Actinomyces: a diagnostic challenge].

a diagnostic challenge. Isolated pleural effusion due to actinomycosis is rare and poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians not only because it is uncommon and often forgotten, but also because culture of the causative microorganism is technically difficult. The classic al microscopic appearance of this Gram-positive bacillus on cultures often forms the basis of diagnosis. This is the report of a case of massive left sided pleural effusion due to Actinomyces israelii that improved clinically and radiologically after surgery and prolonged antibiotic treatment.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1976

[Mutagenic action of N-nitrosodimethylurea on Actinomyces rimosus and Penicillium chrysogenum].

High mutagenic activity of N-nitrozodimethylurea (NDMU), an agent of the group of the nitrozo compounds not studied in detail was shown with respect to prototrophic and auxotrophic strains of Actinomyces rimosus, an organism producing oxytetracycline and Penicillium chrysogenum, an organism producing penicillin. The rate of direct and back mutations in the auxotrophic strain of Act. rimosus under the effect of NDMU was many times higher than that of spontaneous mutations. NDMU was used at one of the selection stages at which a more active variant of Act. rimosus was obtained. This is evident of a possible use of the mutagen for induction of variation with respect to the quantitative feature of oxytetracycline production. A great number of morphologically changed forms and biochemical mutants of Pen. chrysogenum formed under the effect of this substance. NDMU induced a mutant of Pen. chrysogenum capable of selective synthesis of 6-aminopenicillinic acid without addition of the precursor.

Genetic Variation↗
PubMed1991

Abdominal wall Actinomyces abscess associated with an intrauterine device. A case report.

An abdominal wall Actinomyces abscess occurred in a woman with an intrauterine device. Contributing factors were local trauma, spread from surrounding colonized body sites and symbiotic growth of other anaerobes. The diagnosis was based on the histologic finding of the sulfur granule. Special studies may be needed to distinguish this condition from other, similar ones (Nocardia, botryomycosis).

Abdominal Muscles↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Influence of amino acids on synthesis of extracellular proteases by Actinomyces thermovulgaris].

Various amino acids had different effect on the synthesis of exocellular proteases by Actinomyces thermovulgaris T-54. Glutamine and arginine induced the synthesis, the effect depending on their concentration in the medium. Other amino acids inhibited the synthesis of proteases. The synthesis of alkaline and neutral proteases was not coordinated, and the ratio between these enzymes was not constant in different variants of the experiment. The maximum synthesis of alkaline proteases was found before the formation of submerged spores.

Amino Acids↗
PubMed1977

[Effect of Actinomyces rimosus ribonuclease on the reproduction of viruses].

Antiviral activity of RNA-ase isolated from the fermentation broth of Actinomyces rimosus was studied. The effect of the enzyme on multiplication of the viruses of vesicular stomatitis, Newcastle and cariolovaccine diseases was investigated. It was found that the enzyme was capable of suppressing reproduction of the vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) in the culture of chick fibroblast cells. The suppression level directly depended on the enzyme concentration and decreased with an increase in the infection multiplicity. The enzyme had no effect on multiplication of other viruses tested. RNA-ase decreased the infectious properties of the freshly isolated virus-containing material in concentrations showing the antiviral effect. Preliminary incubation of the cells with the enzyme resulted in suppression of the plaque formation by VSV. The RNA synthesis in such cultures treated with RNA-ase was somewhat lower. It was shown that the antiviral effect of RNA=ase was connected with its enzymic activity. RNA-ase has no antiviral effect in the experiments with mice infected with VSV.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

Skin pustules and nodules caused by Actinomyces viscosus in a horse.

A 12-year-old Arabian stallion was evaluated for a refractory skin problem of 2 years' duration. Skin nodules and pustules, which would rupture, had developed over the right lumbar muscles. Anaerobic culturing from the pustules yielded Actinomyces viscosus, and histologic examination of biopsy specimens revealed globular eosinophilic structures. Concomitant treatment with isoniazid (8 mg/kg of body weight, q 24 h for 8 weeks), trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (30 mg/kg, q 24 h for 8 weeks), and sodium iodide solution (66 mg/kg, every 1, 2, or 4 weeks, for 32 weeks) resolved the condition.

Actinomycosis↗
PubMed1989

[Transmission electron microscopic studies of fine structure by fast freeze method on Actinomyces israelii ATCC 12102].

Recently, one of the major objectives was to observe cellular structures in biological-materials including microorganisms as raw as possible. For this purpose, Actinomyces israelii ATCC 12102, an experimented strain, was fixed by a fast freeze method using liquid nitrogen as a cryogen, followed by transmission electron microscopic observations on fine structures. Then, the following results were obtained. 1) Cell wall was an electron dense and thick monolayer. In certain cells, numerous granules were found on cell walls, showing lamellar structures. The cell wall surface to be a wave like structure of which limit was unclear. 2) Cytoplasmic membrane consisted of two electron less dense layers holding an electron dense layer in then. However, fine layers with different electron density crossed over one another, representing a formation of stripe structure in other cells. 3) In cytoplasm, we observed that fine fibers with high electron density crossed over fine fibers with low electron density. 4) We also observed that the specialized ring structure in cytoplasm.

Actinomycetales↗
PubMed1978

[Glucose-isomerizing enzyme from Actinomyces olivocinereus and its immobilization on aminosilochrome].

Glucose-isomerizing enzyme was isolated from the culture of Actinomyces olivocinereus. It was purified by the chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. The samples of glucose-isomerasing enzyme are homogeneous according to the results of analytical electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. Glucose-isomerase is more stable than soluble one. The pH-optima of soluble and immobilized enzymes are 8.5 and 7.5, respectively. The temperature optimum of immobilized enzyme, Km, V, and activation energy do not change during immobilization. The immobilized sample has 58% activity of soluble enzyme.

Carbohydrate Epimerases↗