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PubMedDate not supplied

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in children: experience with the multifunctional lithotripter MFL 5000.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) has been proved to be an effective method of treating upper urinary tract calculi. However, there is little experience with the use of this approach in pediatric urolithiasis, especially for lower urinary tract calculi. Nine children, aged 1-18 years, were treated here with urolithiasis in the renal pelvis, lower ureter and bladder, using Dornier MFL 5000. A polystyrene plate was used to protect small children from chest damage. Prone position was routinely used to treat lower ureteral and vesical calculi, thus avoiding bony pelvis blockage of shock wave energy. Excellent pulverization was achieved in eight cases; fragmentation in only one case, then required cystolithotripsy for bladder stone fragments three months after ESWL. No patient had melena. Neither hemoptysis nor gastrointestinal complications were seen. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is a safe and effective method of treating urinary tract calculi in children.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Performance evaluation of water treatment plants based on microfilter technology for rural water supply.

Panchayat Raj Engineering Department (PRED), Government of Andhra Pradesh installed package water treatment plants on a trial basis, in some villages in Krishna district of Andhra Pradesh. These plants with a design capacity of 6000-12000 lph were supplied and erected by a firm in Hyderabad. These plants consist of three stage treatment comprising of pulverized quartz filter bed, activated carbon bed and micro filter unit followed by disinfection. At the request of PRED, comprehensive studies were carried on individual plants which includes a detailed appraisal of the performance of the individual components of the plant, infrastructure at the village level for routine O&M of the plants as also views of the community regarding their acceptability of the system. This paper presents the findings and conclusions of the performance evaluation study.

Conservation of Natural Resources↗
PubMed2002

Antifungal activity and local toxicity study of Alangium salviifolium subsp hexapetalum.

Alangium salviifolium subsp hexapetalum is a medicinal plant which has been traditionally used for tonic and treatment of hemorrhoid. This plant showed promising antimicrobial activity in our preliminary experiments, this study was, therefore, conducted to investigate its inhibitory effect against dermatomycotic organisms and its toxicity. The lyophilized powder extract (4.59%) of pulverized wood was tested for its inhibitory effect by agar disc diffusion test. The extract gave inhibitory zone diameters of 25.23 and 14.78 mm against 26 and 14 isolates of dermatophytes and Candida albicans, respectively. Ketoconazole, used as a reference antifungal agent, had inhibitory zone diameters of 33.15 and 27.93 mm against dermatophytes and C. albicans, respectively. There was no significant difference between the extract and ketoconazole in their inhibition against dermatophytes (p > 0.01), but their difference was significant against C. albicans (p < 0.01). Using Buehler' s method, different amounts of extract (3, 6, and 9 mg/inch2 gauze pad) were tested in five male New Zealand white rabbits. All tested amounts of extract did not induce dermatitis among those rabbits within 1 week. The results demonstrated the inhibitory effect of Alangium salviifolium subsp hexapetalum against fungi without any local toxicity; a tendency to further develop a herbal preparation for the treatment of some dermatomycotic infections.

Alangiaceae↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Efficacy of topical administration of lidocaine through a Malinckrodt Hi-Lo Jet tube in lessening cough during recovery from general anesthesia].

To achieve tracheal anesthesia during intubation, an endotracheal tube was purposely designed. The tube had multiple laser-induced perforations in its lower portion produced that allowed administration of the local anesthetic in a pulverized form. We evaluated the efficacy of lidocaine 2% in preventing cough during recovery from general anesthesia. The goal of this study was to perform a topical anesthesia of the hypopharynx, larynx, and trachea. This attenuates the laryngeal reflex occurring during anesthesia recovery and therefore, prevents from potential complications. Sixteen patients ASA I-II underwent surgery with general anesthesia. They were prospectively studied following a randomized double blind protocol. The control group received saline infusion (n = 6) whereas the experimental group (n = 10) was treated with lidocaine. At the end of the anesthesia period, the presence of cough was treated with the test solution. In 90% of cases treated with lidocaine, cough disappeared in about 30 seconds and patients tolerated the endotracheal tube until extubation was performed. All patients who received saline solution presented cough until extubation.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analogs of juvenile hormones in the control of insects of medical or sanitary importance].

The growth and moulting or immature insects is related to three main groups of hormones : cerebral, ecdysonal and juvenile. Juvenile hormone analogues mark a new stage in the control of detrimental insects, and have significant advantages over the conventional insecticides. In order to establish the effectiveness of juvenile hormone analogues a series of biotests were performed : the wax pupal test, injections, systemic and topical applications, the treatment of food, pulverizations and exposure to vapors. In the laboratory, the efficiency of the analogues was tested against the following genera : Anopheles, Aedes, Culex, Culiseta, Musca, Stomoxys and Blattella, obtaining several effects, such as : lengthening of the larval stages, blocking of metamorphosis and ecdysis, blocking of the emergence of adults, morphogenetic ovicide, sterilizing and lethal effects, etc. Exploratory trials were performed in the field with compounds whose effectiveness had been demonstrated, against some Aedes, Musca, Stomoxys, Pediculus and Bovicola species. Laboratory experiments showed, however, that the insects might become resistant to juvenile hormone analogues.

Aedes↗
PubMed2002

[Development of parietal bone based on ossification in the fetus].

Seventy-two parietal bones from human fetuses aged 15 to 29 weeks were studied. Three age groups were formed: I--15-19 weeks; II--19-24 weeks, III--25-29 weeks. The width and length of each parietal bone was determined. Microradiological studies were done with the Unipan 401 X-ray apparatus. Subsequently, pulverized bone for biochemical studies was prepared. Calcium, magnesium, zinc and iron content was determined using atomic spectrophotometry. Phosphates were measured with a colorimetric method and fluorine was assayed using an ion-selective electrode. The dimensions of fetal parietal bones changed almost linearly with age until the 20th week of life when a deceleration in the growth rate was noted (Tables 1, 2, 3, 4). This finding could be useful for estimation of fetal age when other methods are unavailable. The parietal bone is formed from one or two primary ossification centers lying in the same plane or one above the other (Figs. 1, 2, 3). Fusion of primary ossification centers was observed between 15 and 19 weeks of life (Fig. 3). Trabeculae radiate from the primary ossification center to the periphery of the parietal bone and take the form of a "coral reef" within the tuber (Figs. 2 and 5). Transverse ossification which was not coordinated with the growth of trabeculae from the primary ossification center was observed between week 15 and 19 of intrauterine life (Fig. 2). Fusion of peripheral trabeculae with those from the ossification center takes place at a later stage of osteogenesis (Fig. 4). Parietal bones of 29-week-old fetuses consisted of two layers of trabeculae and a distinct tuber, except for the sagittal and coronal sutures and the anterior fontanel, where a single layer of trabeculae was observed. Trabeculae were well developed and densely packed (Fig. 5). Analysis of the mineral composition of fetal parietal bones confirmed that the major elements are calcium and phosphorus and that their content increases with age (Figs. 6 and 7). Fluorine content differed widely and was unrelated to age (Fig. 9, Tab. 1). The importance of fluorine in the process of mineralization of parietal bones requires further study. Magnesium content increased with age (Fig. 8) and did not correlate with calcium or phosphorus. Apparently, these elements play different roles in the process of mineralization. The content of zinc and iron, two labile components of bone, decreased with age (Figs. 10 and 11). Some of these changes could have taken place during storage of the bones.

Calcium↗
PubMed2003

The complex technology on products of German chamomile.

The German chamomile is an old herbal medicine, which is widely used in medical practice. The water and ethanol extracts of matricaria flowers are mainly used for their anti-inflammatory, antiseptic and spasmolytic properties. It is possible to prepare tea of pulverized matricaria flowers with 0.2 mm sized particles packed in tea bags. The investigation of anatomical diagnostical identification, qualitative and quantitative indices showed that matricaria top got after gathering flowers can be recommend as a herb for medical use. The thin-layer chromatographic research showed that matricaria top contains 9 flavonoids (2 more than flowers) and it's essential oil--10 components (one more than flowers). The technological study of practical use of matricaria top approved the possibility to prepare the fluid extract of matricaria top for external use. The results of investigations showed the possibility of complex use of Matricaria recutita cultivated in Latvia.

Beverages↗
PubMed2003

[Effects of solid adsorbents on the emission of heavy metals during coal combustion].

Experiments were carried out on laboratory-scale pulverized coal combustion with different adsorbents. Three solid adsorbents (calcium sulfate, limestone and bauxite) were used to control the emission of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cu, Co, Ni) during coal combustion. Sequential extraction procedure was developed for partitioning of metals species in coal ash into five fractions: absorbable metals, exchangeable metals, metals bound to carbonate, metals bound to sulfate, residual metals. The adsorbents showed a certain adsorptive ability to heavy metals, and different adsorbent had different ability. It can be proved from the distribution of heavy metals between coarse ash residues and fine particles and also from the increment of stable speciation of heavy metals in fine particles. Calcium sulfate was effective sorbent for removal of Pb, Cd and Cu, limestone for removal of Pb, Cd, Cu, Ni, and bauxite for removal of these five heavy metals. Fine adsorbents have higher adsorptive ability than coarse adsorbents.

Adsorption↗
PubMed2003

[Influence of fertilizers on yield and yield components of opium from Papaver somniferum Linn].

The effect of fertilizer on the yield and yield components of opium from Papaver somniferum L.cv.Ikkanshu were investigated from 1993 to 1995. The weight of opium per one capsule was tendency to increase in the order of peat moss > pulverized charcoal > compound fertilizer, but the differences among the results were not significant. Furthermore, no difference in the capsule weight per 100 m2 and the yields of opium and alkaloids per 100 m2 were detected. The significant difference was only observed when the data were compared among the weights and yields of different years. The difference among the yield of opium was mainly due to the weight of opium per one capsule. The weight of opium per one capsule showed a high correlation with capsule husk weight. The alkaloids contents in opium obtained with a different fertilizer application showed no difference. Morphine content at the first lancing was about 11%, and the value decreased with the order of lancing. On the contrary, the codeine and the thebaine content did not change during lancing and the value were 6-7% and 3%, respectively. The papaverine and the noscapine content decreased in the order of lancing.

Codeine↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Immunomorphological reactivity of the intrapulmonary lymphoid tissue.

Young albino rats were repeatedly stimulated by a pulverized suspension of living pneumococci and others by intramuscular injection of killed microbes emulsified in complete Freund adjuvant. The bronchus associated lymphoid nodules increase in size and number; the proximal nodules contain one more follicle with germinal centers formed of pyroninophilic lymphoblasts and plasma cells at the periphery. The follicular organization and the pyronine - plasma cells differentiation point out the ability of these nodules to elaborate a local immune response to antigenic stimulation.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

[Experimental studies on the systemic toxicity of dental alloys free of precious metals].

The systemic toxicity of five non-precious dental alloys was evaluated by help of an animal study. The pulverized dental alloys, filled in gelatine capsules, were orally administered to laboratory rats using a special esophageal application device. For each alloy examined randomized groups of ten experimental animals and ten control animals were used. For a period of seven days the experimental animals received daily 1000 mg alloy powder per kilogram body-weight. The animals of the control groups received daily empty gelatine capsules (placebo application). After two weeks all animals were killed and autopsies of the animals were performed. Histopathologic examinations of the lungs, kidneys, liver, small intestine and large intestine of all animals were done. With statistic significance (p less than 0.001) rats whom nickel-chromium alloys were administered orally showed serious pathologic reactions more frequently than placebo-treated control animals. Nickel-chromium alloys containing beryllium and/or gallium caused the strongest organic lesions. In contrary to this a dental cobalt-chromium alloy showed a very low systemic toxicity. The results of the study underline that preclinical toxicity testing of dental alloys is necessary in order to avoid systemic toxic lesions in man.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A possible relationship between viral infection and chromosome damage in breeding boars.

A cytogenetic analysis of peripheral blood lymphocytes was carried out on breeding boars (n = 5) on a farm where viral infections (porcine parvovirosis) had occurred. Several different types of chromosomal aberrations were observed including chromatid breaks (23.60 +/- 2.88%), exchanges (9.60 +/- 8.99%), and fragments (4.26 +/- 3.31%). In addition, 2.94 +/- 1.74% of cells in metaphase showed pulverization. Cells with multiple aberrations were seen in two of five boars. The chromosomal damage in the boars may have been induced by a genotoxic agent such as a viral infection, and may also be related to the reproductive impairment of the pigs.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Phage typing and biotyping of coagulase-negative staphylococci.

A total of 211 strains of coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from clinical materials were tested by use of 16 phages of PULVERER's set and biochemical methods proposed by KLOOS and SCHLEIFER. It appeared that 75% of tested strains was typable by used phages and ninety different phage patterns were observed. Most strains were classified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and the rest as S. warneri, S. simulans, S. hominis, Single strains represented species: S. capitis, S. haemolyticus and S. cohnii. No segregation of different phage patterns into particular species was found.

Bacteriological Techniques↗
PubMed2000

[Iron and copper in Plagioscion squamosissimus (Piscis: Sciaenidae) from the Orinoco river, Venezuela].

Bauxite explotation of the Orinoco River in recent years is an important source of heavy metals discharge in the ecosystem, changing the natural biochemical flow of these elements and their concentrations in water, sediment and organisms. Iron and copper concentrations were measured in the fish Plagioscion squamosissimus in the Orinoco river, by sampling the fish population for three months (September-November 1998) in the main channel of the middle Orinoco (07 degrees 38' 21.2" N; 66 degrees 19' 10.9" W) and in Castillero lagoon (7 degrees 39' 09" N; 66 degrees 09' 00" W) with 2 and 4 cm mesh sizes. The internal organs of 30 fishes per month and site were stove-dried at 80 degrees C, pulverized and dried in disecator for 30 min to use as indicators with the acid digestion method for predicting the effect of heavy metals. We found relatively high values of iron and copper concentrations in fishes of the lagoon, and high seasonal variations in the iron concentration.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Percussion after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy.

ESWL does not remove the kidney stone, but pulverizes it into tiny particles so that it can be excreted with the urine. Drainage and percussion treatment after ESWL helps excrete particles from the kidney to the ureter much more rapidly and with less trauma, pain, and blood urine, and fewer medications for pain are needed as the particles pass through the urine. Teaching the principles behind this treatment will lead to greater patient compliance and success.

Drainage↗
PubMed2004

Chemical compound content and enzyme activity in supernatant and sediment of liver homogenate.

Evaluation was performed of chemical compound contents and enzyme activities in the whole homogenate, its supernatant and sediment. Six rabbit livers were pulverized in liquid nitrogen and homogenized. After centrifugation, the contents of protein, haemoglobin, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin C, as well as the activities of cathepsin B, cathepsin D, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and reductase were assessed in the whole homogenate, its supernatant and sediment. Protein, vitamin A, superoxide dismutase, catalase, cathepsin D, glutathione peroxidase and reductase reveal uniform localisation. Vitamin C and cathepsin B are localized in supernatant, whereas haemoglobin is localized mainly in sediment. Evaluation of chemical compounds and enzyme activities should be performed in the whole homogenate, supernatant and sediment to obtain a real interpretation of biochemical disturbances in the investigated material.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

[Soil respiration characteristics in winter wheat field in North China Plain].

Experiments were conducted at the Yucheng Comprehensive Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences during 2002-2003 to investigate the respiration of a pulverous sandstone soil under cultivation of winter wheat over a growth season. The effluent CO2 was collected and analyzed by the static-chamber/gas chromatography (GC) method at a frequency of once a week in spring and autumn, once two weeks in winter, twice a week for straw manure treatment, once a week for no straw manure treatment and nitrogen fertilization treatment in summer. The results indicated that diurnal variation of soil respiration rate showed a single peak in typical winter wheat farmlands in the North China Plain, and reached the highest at about 13 o'clock, and the lowest at about 4 o'clock in the early morning. In winter wheat growth season, the soil respiration rate was 31.23-606.85 mg x m(-2) x h(-1) under straw manure, 28.99-549.66 x m(-2) x h(-1) under no straw manure, 10.46-590.86 mg x m(-2) x h(-1) in N0, 16.11-349.88 mg x m(-2) x h(-1) in N100, 12.25-415.00 mg x m(-2) x h(-1) in N200, and 23.01-410.58 mg x m(-2) x h(-1) in N300, showing a similar seasonal variation tendency with soil temperature. Among all treatments, the straw manure had the most distinct soil respiration, though the soil respiration also increased slightly with increasing nitrogen fertilization. Soil respiration increased exponentially with increasing soil temperature, and the correlation of soil temperature at the depth of 5 cm was the best. This relationship was usually described with the Q10 model, which represented the sensitivity of soil respiration to temperature. Q10 was not a fixed value, which varied with the depth at which the temperature was measured and the depth of the active soil layer and soil temperature. At same time, the Q10 value decreased with increasing soil temperature. Soil water content was another important factor affecting soil respiration rate, but in this region, the relationship between soil respiration and soil moisture was poor, and no distinct rules were shown. The average net photosynthesis rate of winter wheat had a close relation with soil respiration rate. The differences between them showed that the photosynthetic uptake of CO2 was beyond emission of soil respiration during the period from return green to mature, and the winter wheat farmland was a sink of CO2.

Carbon Dioxide↗
PubMed2005

[Innovation study on Chinese medicinal materials ultrafine grinding by impacting and attriting in jet mill].

OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method of ultrafine grinding by impacting and attriting in jet mill, which can solve effectively about grinding efficiency and suitability for variant Chinese medicinal materials. METHOD: Raw materials are uniformly distributed to multiple nozzles and accelerating pipes, and high-speed impact on a rotary target with surface of various friction veining, so Chinese medicinal materials are pulverized through recombination action of impaction and attrition, and ultrafine powder are separated by internal classifier. RESULT: The grinding experiment go to show that average fineness of several kinds of typical Chinese medicinal materials powder are 2.0 - 12.7 microns. CONCLUSION: This method has obvious advantage of suitability and efficiency for ultrafine grinding Chinese medicinal materials.

Gastrodia↗