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PubMed2005

The effect of composition (art or music) on the self-concept of hospitalized children.

The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of composition (art or music) on the self-concept of hospitalized children. The music composition was created using the program Making More Music. The art composition was a drawing using standard medium. The Piers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale was used to measure self-concept. When examining subjects as one group, a significant difference from pre- to posttest for the Total score indicated an improved self-concept. Further analyses on each of the 6 categories indicated no significant differences. The art composition group had a significant difference from pre- to posttest for the Total score and for Popularity (POP). Although not significant, scores increased from pre- to posttest for Behavioral Adjustment (BEH), Physical Appearance (PHY), Freedom from Anxiety (FRE), and Happiness and Satisfaction (HAP). The music composition group had no significant difference from pre- to posttest for the Total score but a significant difference from pre- to posttest on Intellectual and School Status (INT) and Physical Appearance (PRY). Although not significant, scores increased from pre- to posttest for TOT, BEH, and HAP. There was a significant difference between the groups on 2 categories that indicated an improved self-concept for the music group under Intellectual and School Status and for the art group under Popularity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Concept mapping: an educational strategy for advancing nursing education.

TOPIC: Application of concept mapping as a tool in nursing education. PURPOSE: To highlight the use of concept mapping as a method for advanced learning in nursing education. SOURCES OF INFORMATION: Literature from nursing and general education, instructor and student experiences, and opinions from using concept maps as a method of teaching/learning. CONCLUSIONS: Instructors and students reported satisfaction from use of concept maps in the educational process. Teaching with the aid of concept maps has been incorporated as an innovative and viable teaching method in nursing education.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1994

Self-efficacy in caregivers of cognitively impaired elderly people: a concept analysis.

Research with caregivers of cognitively impaired individuals has provided evidence which suggests that most caregivers experience at least some degree of burden. However, it has been postulated that it is the caregiver's subjective interpretation of the situation that is the primary factor responsible for mediating the degree of burden experienced. Caregivers who cope well with this type of stress may possess a high level of self-efficacy. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the concept of self-efficacy and its relationship to health care using Walker & Avant's concept analysis methodology. Uses of the concept of self-efficacy, as well as its defining attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents, are discussed. Also, model, borderline, related, contrary and invented cases are constructed to illustrate the concept further. The relevance of the concept to nursing practice and areas requiring future investigation are noted.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1996

The influence of bilateral orchiectomy on self-concept: a pilot study.

This pilot study was designed to explore self-concept alterations in a group of patients undergoing bilateral orchiectomy for treatment of advanced prostate cancer. The Tennessee Self-Concept Scale was used to measure pre- and postoperative self-concept group scores. Also, the group of orchiectomy patients was compared to a group of patients undergoing a transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) for cancer and another group undergoing a TURP for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH). The results provide no evidence to suggest that surgical removal of both testicles in a group of males has a significant effect on self-concept or its indices when compared to a group of men who underwent a TURP, where both groups also were diagnosed with cancer. For the group of males who underwent bilateral orchiectomy, no significant differences were detected between the pre- and postoperative total self-concept scores. However, statistically significant differences did exist between the group's pre- and postoperative physical self scores and identity scores.

Humans↗
PubMed2006

Partnering with patients--a concept ready for action.

AIM: This paper is a report of a concept analysis of partnership within the context of a professional-patient relationship. BACKGROUND: The concept of partnership has been previously characterized as immature, with a need for further consensus and consistency. Critical attributes previously reported include relationship, power sharing and negotiation, with empowerment as the primary consequence. METHOD: Rodgers' evolutionary method of analysis for concept development was used to re-examine the concept of partnership. Historical documents and previously published conceptual papers were reviewed for context. A search of multidisciplinary literature published between 2000 and 2004 was undertaken using the keywords of 'partnership' and 'partnering', combined with nurse/professional/physician-client relationship. Attributes, uses, antecedents and consequences were inductively derived from the citations analysed (n = 62). RESULTS: Previous authors affirmed that partnership involves a process and a consistent set of eight attributes. Relationship, shared power, shared decision-making and patient autonomy are attributes that distinguish partnership from other related concepts. Most of the literature, however, consisted of expert opinion or descriptive research. Little progress has been made in applying theory, developing tools to test the process, identifying when partnerships are needed and what specific outcomes occur when they are present. CONCLUSION: Partnerships between healthcare providers and patients develop over time. They are created to support patients in having a greater voice in their care and to empower them in self-management. A descriptive model of partnership is proposed to support researchers in generating or applying existing theory to the development of research designs and tools that could test how this process actually works.

Concept Formation↗
PubMed2006

Integration of multidimensional self-concept and core personality constructs: construct validation and relations to well-being and achievement.

Relations between multiple dimensions of self-concept, personality (Big Five), well-being, and academic outcomes (school grades, test scores, coursework selection) for a large (N=4,475) sample of German adolescents support the construct validity of a well-defined, multidimensional set of self-concept factors in relation to personality factors, and vice versa. Confirmatory factor analysis of a German adaptation of the Self Description Questionnaire III demonstrated 17 a priori, reasonably independent self-concept factors (M correlation=.14; SD=.17) that had a highly differentiated pattern of relations with the personality factors and academic outcomes. Consistent with theory and previous research, math and verbal self-concepts were negatively related to each other, and this extreme domain specificity was reflected in the systematic and substantial relations with academic criteria measures. Self-esteem, Big Five, and well-being factors explained only small amounts of variance in academic outcomes and support for their incremental validity after controlling for specific self-concept factors was weak.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

The emergent personologist: the structure and content of 3 1/2-, 5 1/2-, and 7 1/2-year-olds' concepts of themselves and other persons.

This study was based on the premise that personological conceptions are based in memory; hence age-related changes observed in memory should also be found for children's concepts of persons. Of particular interest was the general and specific temporal structure of children's concepts. 72 3 1/2-, 5 1/2-, and 7 1/2-year-old children were asked general and specific questions about the behaviors and internal states of themselves, their best friends, and an acquaintance. General questions were about typical and/or frequent events and were not located in a particular point in time (e.g., "What have you usually done in school?"); specific questions were temporally located (e.g., "What did you do in school today?"). Behavior questions concerned activities and involved action verbs; trait questions concerned internal states and involved adjectives. Responses were coded into the same 4 mutually exclusive categories of General Behavior, General Trait, Specific Behavior, Specific Trait as the question categories. The proportion of specific responses about persons increased reliably from 3 1/2 to 5 1/2 years, whereas the proportion of general responses was high and did not differ across the age groups. Furthermore, the proportion of trait, but not behavior, descriptions provided increased between 3 1/2 and 7 1/2 years. The results indicate that even young children have concepts of themselves and other persons that are not restricted to specific points in time and thus may form the basis for later dispositional conceptions.

Behavior↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Developmental trajectories of personal and collective self-concept among American Indian adolescents.

Developmental trajectories of personal and collective self-concept were examined among American Indian adolescents. Personal self-concept (self-esteem) and collective self-concept (American Indian identity, Euro-American identity, community-mindedness) were assessed 6 times over 3 years in 4 cohorts of adolescents from 3 American Indian cultural groups (N=1,252). An accelerated longitudinal design was used to estimate developmental trajectories from 14 to 19 years; parallel-process and covariate models were used to examine variation in trajectories. Both personal and collective self-concepts were generally positive and showed small gains; they were moderately related to one another and differentially related to cultural group, gender, and perceived social support. The findings highlight the complexity of self-concept for American Indian youth and the significance of both personal and collective identity.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Global and multidimensional self-concept as a predictor of health practices in middle adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the relationship between global and multidimensional aspects of self-concept and the health practices of adolescents. METHODS: A total of 195 adolescents, ages 14-17, who attended two Senior high schools within rural county in a Southeastern state completed research questionnaires. RESULTS: The adolescents in this sample scored average or slightly above average for global self-concept on the Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale. Adolescents scored lowest in the health-related behavior of time spent eating a balanced diet and highest in the area of safety. The single highest correlation between self-concept and self-care practices was between the total health practice score and global self-concept. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that an individual's knowledge, feelings of worth related to status at school, and level of anxiety and stress are important predictors of health behavior.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Self-healing: a concept analysis.

Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is a rapidly growing specialty within the healthcare field. One concept that appears central to the notion of CAM therapies is the concept of self-healing. Although "self-healing" is addressed within several bodies of literature, the concept is ill-defined within the context of CAM therapies, specifically energy-based healing modalities such as reiki therapy. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the concept of self-healing through a concept analysis using Walker and Avant's technique (1995). The resultant operational definition of self-healing was the result of 6 weeks of study and is not considered to be a final product, but merely a beginning step to understanding this unique phenomenon.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1992

The relationship between individual differences in defensive style and concept formation.

The relationship between defensive style and concept formation with aggressive and neutral stimuli was investigated. Very strong relationships were found between the use of avoidant and repressive defenses and the number of errors made in acquiring and utilizing an aggressive concept. This relationship was not found for the neutral concept. The results suggest the importance of directing attention to the relevant stimulus dimension in efficient concept formation. Insofar as defensive style involves a particular way of deploying attention (e.g. avoidance of a particular content) and insofar as the affective nature of the stimulus material lends itself to the elicitation of defensive reactions, individual differences in defensive style can serve as a robust predictor of efficiency of concept formation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Are there kinds of concepts?

Past research on concepts has focused almost exclusively on noun-object concepts. This paper discusses recent research demonstrating that useful distinctions may be made among kinds of concepts, including both object and nonobject concepts. We discuss three types of criteria, based on structure, process, and content, that may be used to distinguish among kinds of concepts. The paper then reviews a number of possible candidates for kinds based on the discussed criteria.

Cognition↗
PubMedDate not supplied

For which students with learning disabilities are self-concept interventions effective?

We have previously conducted a meta-analysis of outcomes of school-based interventions aimed at enhancing the self-concept of students with learning disabilities (LD). This study extends the previous findings by analyzing intervention effect sizes in relation to students' levels of self-concept prior to intervention. The results of these analyses indicated that only groups of students with documented low self-concept benefited significantly from intervention. For these students, intervention effects were much larger than the effects previously estimated from aggregations that included groups with wide-ranging or unknown levels of self-concept prior to intervention. These findings underscore the need for researchers and practitioners to identify students for self-concept intervention based on their documented need, rather than assuming a need based on the students' identification as students with LD.

Child↗
PubMed1994

The social adjustment and self-concept of adults with learning disabilities.

This study examined the social adjustment and self-concept of 81 adults (18 to 26 years of age), 40 of whom received special education services under the "learning disabilities" designation and 41 of whom had regular education programming. Subjects were mailed a set of questionnaires about their current functioning, including the Social Adjustment Scale-Self Report and the Tennessee Self-Concept Scale. Archival data on IQ and achievement test scores were also obtained. Results indicated no significant differences between groups on the social adjustment measure or any of its subscales, or on the measure of self-concept. A small subset of subjects in the learning disabilities group had clinically low self-concept scores. Achievement and IQ measures, collectively, were good predictors of global social adjustment (R2 = 96%). Overall, the findings suggest that this cohort of subjects with learning disabilities educated under the auspices of P.L. 94-142 fare about as well as their nondisabled peers in terms of social adjustment and self-concept. It appears that any negative effects of a disability classification abate once individuals leave the public school environment, and that previous forecasts of the socioemotional status of adults with learning disabilities may be unnecessarily pessimistic.

Achievement↗
PubMed2006

Childhood sexual abuse and multiple dimensions of self-concept.

The purpose of this investigation was to examine the relationship between child sexual abuse (CSA) and self-concept in a nonclinical sample of female college students. Participants with a history of CSA had lower scores than participants without a history of CSA on four domains of self-concept: familial, affect, competence, and physical. History of CSA was not associated with lower self-concept in the social and academic domains. The primary conclusions to be drawn from this study are that CSA may be differentially associated with various domains of self-concept, and thus multidimensional assessment of self-concept can yield useful information that cannot be gathered from global measures which yield a single composite score.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

The relationship of self-concept and self-care in children with cancer.

The purposes of this descriptive study were to examine the relationships between self-concept and (a) self-care, (b) dependent-care, and (c) basic conditioning factors for children with cancer, and to compare the self-concept of children on- and off-therapy. The theoretical framework was Orem's self-care deficit theory of nursing. The sample consisted of 74 children with cancer and their mothers. Results showed small but significant correlations between variables, providing some evidence that if children had higher self-concept scores they performed more self-care activities and received more dependent-care from their mothers. The self-concept scores of the on- and off-therapy groups were not significantly different. This study supports Orem's theory and reinforces the need to promote positive self-concept.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Self-concepts of parents with a child of school age with a severe intellectual disability.

The self-concepts of Hong Kong Chinese parents with a child of school age with severe intellectual disability were explored. A 20-item Adult Sources of Self-Esteem Inventory (ASSEI) and open-ended questions on self-evaluation and interviewing were adopted as the major procedures to identify the source and basis of their self-conceptions. One hundred and nine parents--35 males and 74 females, aged 31 to 45--participated in this study. The results indicated that the participants showed similar life priorities as the control group (parents of non-handicapped children). However, the participants showed significantly lower concept of self than the control group in most areas of life. An exploratory factor-analytic result showed that the parents' concept of self had a one-dimensional structure, which might indicate the parents' lack variety in their life. An analysis of the contents of the open-ended responses showed that family and work were the most important domains of the concept of self. However, most of the respondents stated that poor family relationships, the health problems of their child, and work and financial problems made them 'feel bad'.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

The effectiveness of two psychomotor therapy programmes on physical fitness and physical self-concept in nonpsychotic psychiatric patients: a randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the changes in cardiorespiratory and muscular fitness, and the changes in physical self-concept after participation in one of two psychomotor therapy programmes in a sample group of psychiatric patients. To study the relationship between the changes in physical fitness and the changes in physical self-concept. DESIGN: Randomized controlled parallel-group trial with repeated measures. SETTING: Three treatment units of a university psychiatric hospital in Belgium. SUBJECTS: One hundred and ninety-nine patients with severe symptoms of depression and/or anxiety, and/or personality disorders. INTERVENTIONS: A general programme of psychomotor therapy, consisting of different forms of physical exercises and relaxation training, and a personalized psychomotor fitness programme, consisting of aerobic and resistance training. These programmes were followed three times a week for a period of 16 weeks. OUTCOME MEASURES: The maximum dynamic strength, the strength endurance, physical work capacity at 60% and 80% of the estimated maximal heart rate reserve, and the physical self-concept by means of the Dutch version of the Physical Self-Perception Profile. RESULTS: After eight weeks, both groups exhibited an improvement in muscular fitness (both p-values < 0.0001), but only the psychomotor fitness group had improved in cardiorespiratory fitness (p < 0.01). After 16 weeks, the patients in the general programme of psychomotor therapy had not increased in cardiorespiratory fitness. At the end of the 16-week programmes, both groups showed a more positive physical self-concept (p from 0.01 to < 0.0001). However, these improvements were not related to the progress in physical fitness. CONCLUSIONS: The main difference in the effectiveness of the two programmes was the increase in cardiorespiratory fitness in the psychomotor fitness group. The gains in fitness did not play an essential role in the enhancement of physical self-concept.

Adult↗