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PubMed1990

Application of computers in clinics in Singapore: status and doctors' perceptions.

A survey of 67 private clinics in Singapore indicates a positive trend towards use of computer-based information systems for administrative and medical applications. The computerised clinics are generally large in terms of number of staff and number of patients, and have been in operation for 3 to 15 years. Specialist clinics have a greater tendency to use computers. The widely used applications in clinics with computers are word processing, accounting, database, medical billing, drugs inventory, laboratory billing and reporting, medical records tracking, and prescription processing. Clinics with computers find: (1) software are generally suitable, (2) objectives of computerisation have been generally achieved, (3) a slight increase in operating costs, (4) a slight increase in staff productivity, and (5) satisfactory vendor support. The responding doctors rate their knowledge of computers from average to poor. Doctors with computers in their clinics hold the perception that: (1) computers can adequately support clinic operations, (2) computer systems are reliable, (3) a genuine need exists for computers in clinics, (4) computers are useful as research tools, and (5) legal and ethical constraints may inhibit use of computers in medical applications. Further analysis of the data has identified some interesting correlations among clinic variables and among doctors' perception variables.

Attitude to Computers↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer applications for community health nursing educators.

Community health nursing clinical practicums present unique problems for the clinical teacher. Using a laptop computer and an integrated word processing, database management, and spreadsheet program enhanced the productivity of this clinical teacher and, consequently, the quality of clinical instruction.

Community Health Nursing↗
PubMed1990

Computer multitasking with Desqview 386 in a family practice.

Computers are now widely used in medical practice for accounting and secretarial tasks. However, it has been much more difficult to use computers in more physician-related activities of daily practice. I investigated the Desqview multitasking system on a 386 computer as a solution to this problem. Physician-directed tasks of management of patient charts, retrieval of reference information, word processing, appointment scheduling and office organization were each managed by separate programs. Desqview allowed instantaneous switching back and forth between the various programs. I compared the time and cost savings and the need for physician input between Desqview 386, a 386 computer alone and an older, XT computer. Desqview significantly simplified the use of computer programs for medical information management and minimized the necessity for physician intervention. The time saved was 15 minutes per day; the costs saved were estimated to be $5000 annually.

Ambulatory Care Information Systems↗
PubMed1986

Microcomputer applications in allied health education: some new alternatives.

Allied health educators should consider that today low-cost microcomputer hardware and software that can significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of teaching are available. These alternative educational applications of microcomputer technology in allied health can be developed by faculty themselves without programming or reliance on computing experts. Such applications include word-processing software for creation and revision of syllabi, exams, and handouts; data base management software for creation of large sets of bibliographic references, storage and retrieval of data on student admissions and matriculation, and management of clinical affiliations; spreadsheet software for preparation of budgets, calculation of student grades and test item analyses, and demonstration of physiologic and biologic phenomena; and graphics software for production of graphs and charts and printing of graphic images. These instructional support uses of microcomputers hold the greatest promise for near-term cost benefit in allied health education.

Audiovisual Aids↗
PubMed1989

Computerization of academic vascular surgery.

Academic surgical units have a combination of computer needs, including access to the surgical literature, storage and retrieval of patient registry data, laboratory, and research data, generation of reports; statistical analysis of data; and word processing. A system that fulfills these requirements was developed for an academic vascular surgical unit. The system integrates these functions in a multi-user environment and is accessed from menus on multiple terminals in laboratories and offices in three hospitals and in staff members' homes. Databases currently include more than 7000 references to published articles in vascular surgery, a vascular registry consisting of more than 7500 patients, patient data from three integrated noninvasive vascular laboratories, data generated from both clinical and basic research, and a log of resident, fellow, and faculty operative experience. Statistical analysis, using essentially all modern statistical methods including sophisticated log-rank, proportional hazards, and multivariant analyses, can be performed on all databases, either separately or in any combination, without the need to reenter data. An electronic mail and messaging system provides for paperless communication between surgeons, research personnel, and clerical staff.

Academic Medical Centers↗
PubMed1989

Information management needs of the obstetrician-gynecologist--a survey.

A random sample survey of members of The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) was conducted to ascertain the extent to which computer technology was being used by the members, and what further computer services and applications were needed. Computers were used by 38% of the members, with an additional 13% planning on getting a computer within the year. An average of 48% of the members had no plans for computerization, although this number was lower (29%) for physicians 36-45 years of age. There was no significant variation of use by physician sex or type of practice (office- versus non-office-based). Word processing and financial management were the most frequently used computer applications; clinical patient care tasks were used much less frequently and were presumably less available, because software for these tasks was also highly desirable. The most desired information services were uniform coding and terminology, high-risk patient management, electronic access to full-text obstetric and gynecologic data bases, and online clinical management protocols. Prescription writing, patient recall by drug, and drug inventory computer applications were among the least requested. Several educational, project development, communication, and member service strategies have been formulated to integrate medical information management activities for ACOG members.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Computerization of the urologic office. Billing, record keeping, and education.

Careful initial evaluation of the options is vital to successful medical office automation. The many available software programs should be scrutinized to be certain the one chosen satisfies all one's listed needs. In addition to the usual functions expected of computers, the data gathered can be used to market the urologic practice. Word processing, spreadsheet, and database programs can enhance relations among the urologist's office, referring physicians, and patients.

Humans↗
PubMed1987

An expert system for oral diagnosis.

Although dentists are beginning to use computers in their offices for billing, insurance, and word processing, applications in computer-assisted diagnosis have not developed as rapidly. In medicine, use of computer-assisted techniques leads to more accurate and timely diagnoses and improves the quality of patient care through reduction in morbidity and increased physician interaction with patients. This article describes and discusses a system which, though developed for medical diagnosis, has very real applicability in dentistry. This PC-based, expert system takes variable input from the patient and links it with a large fixed database that is designed to deal with a specific patient problem. Output in the form of suggested causes and/or management options is delivered to the practitioner. Several modules have been developed and are ready for clinical use. The module "Periapical Radiolucency" will be described in this article to illustrate some of the characteristics of this system.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1988

Guidelines for preparation of a scientific paper.

Even the experienced scientific writer may have difficulty transferring research results to clear, concise, publishable words. To assist the beginning scientific writer, guidelines are proposed that will provide direction for determining a topic, developing protocols, collecting data, using computers for analysis and word processing, incorporating copyediting notations, consulting scientific writing manuals, and developing sound writing habits. Guidelines for writing each section of a research paper are described to help the writer prepare the title page, introduction, materials and methods, results, and discussion sections of the paper, as well as the acknowledgments and references. Procedures for writing the first draft and subsequent revisions include a checklist of structural and stylistic problems and common errors in English usage.

Data Collection↗
PubMed1987

Computer-based system for maintaining and printing a hospital formulary.

Use of a pharmacy department personal computer (PC) with database management and word processing (WP) systems to maintain a hospital formulary is described. Data input and formatting were accomplished with IBM-PC/XT-compatible equipment, the Nutshell (Leading Edge) database management system, and the Wordperfect (WordPerfect Corporation) WP system. Computer-generated pages were photocopied and placed in loose-leaf binders; reduced copies were made for pocket-size binders. The cost of an outside printing service was eliminated, and the loose-leaf format made it possible to replace only the pages with revisions. The large binders were prominently placed and clearly marked to encourage use by physicians; the number of copies needed was reduced because individual copies were no longer provided to each physician. Excluding first-year one-time costs, the annual formulary maintenance cost (for 250 copies) was projected to be approximately one sixth the cost incurred previously, when 1300 bound formularies were printed annually. Maintaining and printing the hospital formulary on a PC facilitated the updating of the formulary and reduced printing costs.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1986

Microcomputer database management. An introduction.

The microcomputer provides a powerful tool for managing a wide variety of clinical data. With database management software, information can be stored in random fashion, rearranged in a number of more useful sequences, and retrieved according to various criteria specified by the user. Most database software permits calculations on numeric data, report generation, and the ability to transfer data to and from both spread-sheet and word-processing software.

Computers↗
PubMed1986

Computerized ENG acquisition system.

A computerized transportable ENG acquisition system has been designed, at far less cost than a conventional ENG system, using easily obtainable and standard microcomputer components from our local computer store. Its advantages of reduced cost and greater flexibility as well as its applications to other fields such as word processing and office management would make it a useful addition to any ENG laboratory and otolaryngologist's office as well.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

Surgical pathology accessioning and management on a multiuser hard disk microcomputer system.

We have developed an inexpensive, microcomputer-based, multiuser hard disk system for surgical pathology that uses a commercially available word processor and data base manager, linked together by several BASIC programs written by us. System functions include keyboard input of patient demographic data and specimen information, word processing with the generation of preliminary and final surgical reports, on-line access to the surgical pathology data base, generation of daily secretarial and histology log sheets, and computer-assisted SNOMED coding. Successful implementation of this system has produced greater efficiency and productivity in the surgical pathology department at a reasonable cost.

Computers↗
PubMed1985

A computerised experimental file.

A commercially available program which integrates word processing, spreadsheet, data base, and graph facilities, is used on a microcomputer to write a proforma for an experimental file. The proforma file contains empty forms for all envisaged documentation collected during the experiment's duration. This includes an outline protocol, cost estimate, literature search, detailed protocol, data collection forms, project account, and final report. The program allows linking of spreadsheets, thus for instance enabling date and time information entered on the daily log of events to be automatically transferred to the labour cost form. Introduction of this concept has greatly reduced the amount of time spent on research documentation and the risk of data adulteration through repeated transcription. It has also improved control over research expenses and standardization of trial document formats.

Computers↗
PubMed1982

Reading with and without eye movements: reply to Just, Carpenter, and Woolley.

Just, Carpenter, and Woolley propose that measures of single-word processing times, such as gaze durations during normal reading or durations of reader-controlled exposures, can be used both for developing theories of comprehension and for determining the course of new reading technologies. We argue that better understanding of comprehension processes does not necessarily follow from observed correlations between text variables and eye-fixation parameters. Further, recent rapid serial visual presentation (RSVP) research suggests that eye fixation data obtained from studies of normal reading might have little practical value in optimizing the readability of RSVP displays and other means of text presentation.

Eye Movements↗
PubMed1984

Formatting scripts with computers and Extended BASIC.

A computer program, written in the language of Extended BASIC, is presented which enables scripts, for educational media, to be quickly written in a nearly unformatted style. From the resulting script file, stored on magnetic tape or disk, the computer program formats the script into either a storyboard , a presentation, or a narrator 's script. Script headings and page and paragraph numbers are automatic features in the word processing. Suggestions are given for making personal modifications to the computer program.

Computer-Assisted Instruction↗
PubMed1984

Why new delivery systems?

Although anesthetists have accomplished a remarkable safety record with commercially available anesthetic machines, these results have been obtained in spite of machine design, which could best be described as a nonsystem. In cases involving severely compromised patients, surgical procedures that severely alter patient physiology, and untoward events during "routine" anesthesia, it is a tribute to the flexibility and resourcefulness of anesthetists that more incidents do not occur. Industry has long sought precision, reliability, automatic control, and human-factors engineering in nonmedical applications, such as aircraft cockpit design, word-processing stations, and manufacturing processes. The relentless accretion of more and more nonintegrated gadgets onto an antiquated technology has exceeded the boundaries of proper function. Neither the patient nor the anesthetist is being served well by failure to implement state-of-the-art technology in anesthesic delivery systems. Anesthesiologists and others who are vitally interested in the welfare of their patients must insist that development of radically new integrated modular systems proceed at full speed. Their checkbooks can speak as loudly as the facts; it is time the manufacturers are aware that deep concern will be translated into purchasing decisions.

Anesthesiology↗