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PubMed1988

Wayward winds: Malay archetypes, and theory of personality in the context of shamanism.

In comparing shamanistic healing with Western psychotherapy, the principal distinctions advanced by psychiatrists and psychologists have been: (1) that the shaman's patients receive 'remission without insight' while Western psychotherapy provides patients with a learning experience; and (2) that Western psychotherapy is based upon rational theory, whereas psychotherapeutic elements in shamanistic rituals are by-products of irrational magical activity. Anthropologists, on the other hand, have demonstrated the logic behind the shaman's seance, and its uses as a projective system which locates the patient's problems in external entities rather than within his own psyche. An investigation of the Malay shamanistic ritual (Main Peteri) expands the scope of discussion, since it reveals that embedded within this exorcistic spirit-raising seance is a nonprojective indigenous theory of psychic functioning, employing symbols internal to the patient, which is comparable to, and no more nor less rational than, mainstream Western theories.

Cross-Cultural Comparison↗
PubMed2004

In the search for stroke genes: a long and winding road.

In spite of a significant improvement in control of numerous predisposing risk factors, stroke remains a major health problem and a common cause of death and disability in our societies. Genetic predisposition to stroke development exists and has been documented in both animal models and in humans. However, a precise definition of genetic factors responsible for common forms of stroke is still lacking, mainly due to its complex nature, the confounding presence of other predisposing risk factors, and the genetic heterogeneity of human populations. In contrast, important breakthroughs have been reached for monogenic forms of stroke, such as cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL). An animal model of stroke, the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat, has provided valuable information on genetic factors involved in stroke predisposition. Among them, the gene-encoding atrial natriuretic peptide has been identified as a stroke gene in both the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat and, subsequently, in two different human populations. In particular, structural alterations of the gene are consistently present in diseased individuals, suggesting an important role of mutation-dependent mechanisms in stroke predisposition. Finally, the recent use of intermediate disease phenotypes provides a reductionist approach that may contribute to important accumulating information on genes contributing to cerebrovascular accidents.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

ATP synthesis: the world's smallest wind-up toy.

ATP synthase contains two rotary motors coupled back-to-back: the protonmotive force-driven motor F0 pushes the ATP-driven motor F1 in reverse, causing it to synthesize ATP. Half of this process has now been reproduced in vitro, using tiny magnets instead of F0 to drive the reverse rotation of a single F1 molecule.

ATP Synthetase Complexes↗
PubMed2004

From knowledge to practice in chronic cardiovascular disease: a long and winding road.

Although clinical practices evolve over time, the translation of specific research evidence into clinical practice is unpredictable, inconsistent, and complex. In this paper, we use examples from chronic cardiovascular conditions to: 1). highlight two types of care gaps; 2). describe the most common potential barriers to the application of evidence into clinical care; and 3). outline which of the strategies for translating evidence into clinical care have been shown to be ineffective, which strategies have been shown to be effective and to describe some untested approaches that hold promise.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed2006

The long and winding road: protein trafficking mechanisms in the Plasmodium falciparum infected erythrocyte.

Mature human erythrocytes infected with the human malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum are extensively modified to provide a more comfortable "home" for their intracellular guests. This process is mediated by parasite-encoded factors that are exported into, and through the host erythrocyte. This intra- yet simultaneously extra-cellular protein trafficking and sorting system has, in the past decades received much attention, also due to its unusual nature. Recent reports have highlighted the importance of a short peptide sequence, referred to individually as Plasmodium export element (PEXEL), vacuolar translocation signal (VTS) or generally as host cell targeting signal (HCT) in the export of both soluble and membrane bound proteins, allowing the partial definition of the parasite's "exportome". Mechanistically however, the discovery of this sequence raises as many questions as it answers. In this article, we comment on current models of protein transport to the host cell, discuss the mechanistic problems highlighted by these signals, and suggest what might be the next important steps in studying the protein export mechanisms of an obligate intracellular parasite that chooses to inhabit a de-nucleated host cell.

Animals↗