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PubMed1977

[Enzyme histochemical, histometrical and ultrastructural studies of spleens in vinylchloride-disease (author's transl)].

By means of histometric, enzyme histochemical, and electron microscopic investigations it was demonstrated that the pathological changes in the spleen in vinylchloride-disease are primary. Fibroblastic cells are the only specific splenic cells involved. Fibre-associated reticulum cells of the red pulp and fibroblastic reticulum cells in white pulp are stimulated to produce excessive amounts of the extracellular elements of connective tissue, especially collagen fibrils. The newly formed connective tissue causes obliteration of extracellular blood channels in the red pulp and thus a reduction in the number of pulp-cord macrophages, and scarring of the periaterial lymphatic sheaths. The results of this fibrosing process are characteristic quantitative changes in the splenic histologic structures. These changes are different from those structural alterations occurring in spleens following extrasplenic hemodynamic changes, such as thrombosis of the splenic veins or cirrhosis of the liver.

Connective Tissue↗
PubMed1975

[Pathological anatomy of the vinylchloride-disease (author's transl)].

A letal case of angiosarcoma of the liver is reported. The 38 years old chemical laboratory assistant was exposed in vinylchloride medium about 3 1/2 years. The sarcoma metastasised into many other organs. This case is the fifth one reported in the German Federal Republic, in four of the cases the patient died. VC concentration at the work place was not measured. Thrombocytopenia observed in about 80% of the VC cases was not seen. There will be possibly observed further VC-caused tumors in the population. Nevertheless there might be other even extrahepatic VC-caused tumors in man, which could be concluded by animal experimental investigations.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

[Ultrastructure of liver damage in chronic vinyl chloride intoxication (author's transl)].

Liver biopsies taken from 15 workers at a PVC-producing factory were examined by electron microscopy. The hepatocytes showed focal hydropic swelling, disseminated toxic steatosis, peculiar para-crystalline inclusions in enlarged mitochondria, focal cytoplasmic degradations, and occasional single cell necroses. These regressive changes were more prominent in cases with a shorter interval of non-exposure prior to the biopsy. Further, a focal compensatory hyperplasia of the smooth endoplasmatic reticulum was found. With increase of the non-exposure time interval, a regression of the degree of steatosis as well as an age-independent excessive lipofuscin deposition was seen in the hepatocytes. Apparently, these are sequelae of increased autophagia of lipids and increased lipid oxidation by the vinylchloride. In the sinusoids, activation, enlargement and proliferation of Kupffer cells was noted. The tendency of these cells to proliferate is apparently caused by the cancerogenic stimulation by vinylchloride. The prominent hyperplasia of lipocytes is probably connected with the deposition of collagen and the peculiar perisinusoidal fibrosis.

Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury↗
PubMed1976

Hemangiosarcoma and hepatocellular carcinoma of the liver following vinyl chloride exposure. A report of two cases.

A report is given of the clinical and autopsy findings of two men who died from malignant liver neoplasm following occupational exposure to vinyl chloride. The first patient was a 44-year-old man with an hemangiosarcoma of the liver, the second patient a 67-year-old man with an hepatocellular carcinoma. So far an hepatocellular carcinoma due to vinyl chloride has not yet been observed in man. Its occurrence, however, has been suggested from the results of animal experiments. The connection of hepatocellular carcinoma with exposure to vinyl chloride is discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1983

Sensitive flame-photometric-detector analysis of thiodiglycolic acid in urine as a biological monitor of vinyl chloride.

A simple and selective method to detect thiodiglycolic acid (TdGA) in urine by flame-photometric-detector (FPD) of gas chromatograph (GC) is described. The detection limit of this method is less than 1 ng without disturbances. Urine from 64 subjects exposed to different air concentration of vinyl chloride (VCM) from 0.3 ppm to more than 100 ppm in three groups and 78 subjects was detected in this way. A comparison of the results of these groups shows significant differences between the control and two exposed groups.

Air Pollutants, Occupational↗
PubMed1979

Characteristics of intraluminal pressure sensing balloons of different materials.

The physical properties of the balloons made of some polymeric substances were studied. The polyurethanes provided high frequency characteristics but air-leaking disqualified except ECD-651 which was most satisfactory: low permeability and ease of fabrication. Saran was proper but troublesome in making the balloon. Polypropylene and polyethylene, available in film, required heat sealing, which resulted in deformity and low frequency characteristics.

Intestines↗
PubMed1977

[Aetiology of the thrombocytopenia in vinylchloride disease (author's transl)].

Thrombocytopenia is often one of the first signs of vinylchloride disease. Morphological investigations showed that it is caused by splenic alterations. Besides splenomegaly, there are significant structural changes in the red pulp cords affecting the microcirculation. These quantitative and qualitative alterations cause increased platelet pooling and and increased destruction of platelets, which result in a decrease in thrombocytes in the peripheral blood.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Interaction of vinyl chloride with poly(vinyl chloride) by inverse gas chromatography: effect of monomer concentration, plasticizer content and temperature.

The interaction of vinyl chloride (VC) with poly(vinyl)chloride) (PVC) has been studied by inverse gas chromatography (IGC). The present work focusses on the effect of monomer concentration, temperature and plasticizer content. Values for thermodynamic parameters such as free energy (delta GS), excess free energy (delta GSXS), enthalphy (delta HS), entropy (delta SS) and activity coefficient (gamma S) corresponding to sorption of the monomer (VCM) by the polymer, have been calculated using chromatographic data. It was found that retention of VC by PVC is favored at lower monomer concentrations. Increase in temperature resulted in increase of delta GS, delta GSXS, and gamma S values corresponding to a less spontaneous process or a weaker interaction between VC and PVC. An increase in plasticizer content of the polymer resulted in an increase of degree of binding of the monomer. Data support the hypothesis that at significantly low concentrations of residual monomer, low storage temperatures and high concentrations of plasticizer, in the polymer, the probability of migration of VC from a plastics packaging material into a food contacting phase is markedly reduced.

Chromatography, Gas↗