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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Diabetes is a vascular disease: the role of endothelial dysfunction in pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease in diabetes.

Diabetes is a vascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction is the initial process in vascular manifestations of diabetes mellitus (DM). There are multiple pathways involved in the pathophysiologic process related to endothelial dysfunction in DM. Most of these abnormalities occur secondary to insulin resistance. In this article the role of insulin, glucose,dyslipidemia, oxidative stress and various cellular mechanisms related to endothelial dys-function in diabetes are discussed in detail.

Cardiovascular Diseases↗
PubMed1995

Mesenteric vascular disease: a review of diagnostic methods and therapies.

Mesenteric vascular disease is a relatively rare disease; however the morbidity and mortality are significant. Improved diagnosis and treatment of mesenteric obstructive arterial disease and its complications have occurred. Biplanar angiography of the mesenteric arteries remains the best method of diagnosing mesenteric vascular diseases, though duplex sonography of the mesenteric arteries appears to be a valuable screening tool. Magnetic resonance angiography has the potential to improve on the diagnostic accuracy. Mesenteric artery reconstructive surgery remains the treatment of choice. Newer surveillance techniques such as tonometry may enhance perioperative monitoring and consequently improve the results of mesenteric artery reconstructive surgery. Aggressive support medical therapy plays a significant role in the treatment and reduces patient morbidity and mortality in carefully selected cases. There remains a dearth of prospective controlled trials in patients with this condition.

Angiography↗
PubMed1987

Adenine nucleotides in erythrocytes from patients with peripheral vascular disease and the effects of oxpentifylline.

The relationship between erythrocyte nucleotide profiles and the presence of atherosclerotic peripheral occlusive vascular disease was investigated. In elderly male patients with severe vascular insufficiency the mean red cell content of NAD, GDP, GTP, AMP, ADP and ATP and the cellular adenylate energy charge were not significantly different from those observed in young healthy males. It has been claimed that drugs such as oxpentifylline improve peripheral tissue oxygenation in vascular disease by reversing the fall in red cell ATP content which has been reported to accompany vascular insufficiency resulting in a restoration of normal cell deformability and hence whole blood viscosity. We have carried out in vitro studies using erythrocytes from normal adults to assess the effect of oxpentifylline on erythrocyte ATP content and glycolytic rate. The drug failed to significantly affect the rates of glucose consumption and lactate production or the ATP content of the erythrocytes compared with controls. Furthermore the drug did not influence the rate of ATP utilisation by erythrocytes. We conclude that red cell ATP and total adenylate content is not different from normal in patients with peripheral vascular disease. If oxpentifylline alters red cell deformability it does so by some mechanism not related to the cellular ATP concentration, the cellular adenylate energy charge or the glycolytic rate.

Adenine Nucleotides↗
PubMed1989

Arm exercise testing with myocardial scintigraphy in asymptomatic patients with peripheral vascular disease.

Arm exercise with myocardial scintigraphy and oxygen consumption determinations was performed by 33 men with peripheral vascular disease, 40 to 74 years of age (group 2). None had evidence of coronary disease. Nineteen age-matched male control subjects (group 1) were also tested to determine the normal endurance and oxygen consumption during arm exercise in their age group and to compare the results with those obtained during a standard treadmill performance. The maximal heart rate, systolic blood pressure, pressure rate product, and oxygen consumption were all significantly lower for arm than for leg exercise. However, there was good correlation between all these parameters for both types of exertion. The maximal heart rate, work load and oxygen consumption were greater for group 1 subjects than in patients with peripheral vascular disease despite similar activity status. None of the group 1 subjects had abnormal arm exercise ECGs, while six members of group 2 had ST segment changes. Thallium-201 scintigraphy performed in the latter group demonstrated perfusion defects in 25 patients. After nine to 29 months of follow-up, three patients who had abnormal tests developed angina and one of them required coronary bypass surgery. Arm exercise with myocardial scintigraphy may be an effective method of detecting occult ischemia in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Those with good exercise tolerance and no electrocardiographic changes or 201T1 defects are probably at lower risk for the development of cardiac complications, while those who develop abnormalities at low exercise levels may be candidates for invasive studies.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

MRI predictors of cognition in subcortical ischemic vascular disease and Alzheimer's disease.

BACKGROUND: Causes of cognitive impairment in subcortical ischemic vascular disease (SIVD) are less well understood than in AD, but have been thought to result from direct effects of subcortical lacunes and white matter lesions, perhaps related to disruption of important cortical-subcortical pathways. OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation between cognitive abilities and quantitative MRI measures of subcortical cerebrovascular disease and cortical and hippocampal atrophy. METHODS: Subjects were 157 participants in a multicenter study of SIVD and AD who included cognitively normal, cognitively impaired, and demented individuals with and without subcortical lacunar infarcts. Dependent variables were neuropsychological tests of global cognitive function, memory, language, and executive function. Independent variables were quantitative MRI measures of volume of lacunar infarcts in specific subcortical structures, volume of white matter lesion (WML), volume of cortical gray matter (cGM), and total hippocampal volume (HV). Multiple regression analyses were used to identify MRI predictors of cognition. RESULTS: Subcortical lacunes were not related to cognitive measures independent of effects of other MRI variables. WML was independently related to selected, timed measures. HV and cGM were strong and independent predictors of cognitive variables, with effects that did not differ in subjects with and without subcortical lacunes. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that cognitive impairment associated with subcortical ischemic vascular disease is primarily a result of associated hippocampal and cortical changes.

Aged↗
PubMed2005

MyHeart: fighting cardio-vascular diseases by preventive lifestyle and early diagnosis.

Cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of death. The MyHeart Project aims at empowering the citizens to fight cardio-vascular diseases by preventive lifestyle and early diagnosis. The main technical challenges in this project are the combination of novel wearable technologies (novel textile and electronic sensors, personalised algorithms, on-body computing) and user feedback and motivation concepts, in order to make a breakthrough towards new applications for prevention and early diagnose possible.

Biomedical Technology↗
PubMed1994

[Relationship between hemorheology and pro- and anti-coagulation factors in inflammatory and degenerative vascular diseases].

After having found out an increase in the Von Willebrand Factor (vWF) and a relation between its persistance and seriousness of some vasculities, we looked for a link between changes in vWF level and hemorheology, their role and interdependence in the evolution of the vascular diseases, in complications and in relapses. We studied patients affected with degenerative and inflammatory vascular diseases and we determined rheologic parameters, in traditional and personal innovative way, pro- and anti-coagulation factors, other inflammatory proteins and hematic parameters. As regards coagulation only the vWF appeared increased in a significant way, without differences between two types of vascular diseases. As regards hemorheology, in both of them we measured an increase in the whole blood viscosity but with a different behaviour of its components. In the degenerative vascular diseases there was an increase both in corpuscular viscosity and in the plasma-erythrocyte one, a no significant increase in the plasma viscosity whereas the erythrocyte deformability was in the normal range. In vasculitis there was the highest increase in the plasma and corpuscular viscosities with a decrease in the deformability without changes in the plasma-erythrocyte viscosity. We give some interpretations on their different behaviour and a right meaning of the involved phenomena in every kind of rheologic parameter.

Aged↗
PubMed1986

The impact of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty on the management of peripheral vascular disease.

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty is a well established technique with wide application, but its place in the overall management of peripheral vascular disease is not well defined. This study compares similar groups of patients with peripheral vascular disease in 1981 and 1984, before and after the introduction of the technique to a district general hospital. More patients are now being investigated and treated and this is almost entirely due to the availability of angioplasty. The rates for surgery have not changed. Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty should therefore be seen as a new and separate form of treatment for peripheral vascular disease, not necessarily influencing or replacing surgery, and requiring its own allocation of resources in accordance with the increase in the level of care afforded by the technique.

Aged↗
PubMed1975

The clinical presentation of mesenteric vascular disease.

The clinical presentation of 17 patients with mesenteric vascular disease admitted to Mount Sinai Medical Center was reviewed. The signs and symptoms were similar in most cases. However, the acute onset of the symptom triad of abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bloody stools in an elderly patient should make one suspect the possibility of mesenteric vascular disease. The gross and light microscopic appearance of the intestinal tract was characterized by hemorrhagic infarcts regardless of the cause of the bowel ischemia. Mortality from this disease remains high, with only four of our 17 patients alive four months after operation.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1997

Gene and other biological therapies for vascular diseases.

Gene transfer and antisense therapy offer novel approaches to the study and treatment of vascular diseases. The localized nature of vascular diseases like restenosis has made the application of genetic material an attractive therapeutic option. Viral and nonviral vectors have been developed to facilitate the entry of foreign DNA or RNA into cells. Vector improvement and production, demonstration of vector safety and demonstration of therapeutic efficacy are among the main present challenges. Various strategies have already been shown to be successful in preventing restenosis in animal models and include: the transfer of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase associated with ganciclovir: transfection of the cell cycle regulatory genes encoding for the active form of retinoblastoma gene product (Rb) or the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21, and antisense therapy. Therapeutic angiogenesis using gene transfer is a new strategy for the treatment of severe limb ischemia. Transfection of DNA encoding for the vascular endothelial growth factor has resulted in increasing collateral flow in animal models of peripheral ischemia. This approach is currently being investigated in a clinical trial in patients with distal ischemia. Other potential targets for genetic treatment in cardiovascular diseases include thrombosis, extracellular matrix synthesis and lipid metabolism.

Animals↗