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PubMed1990

[From stone trephine to robots, 5000 years of neurosurgery].

Only a century has elapsed since the first serious surgical interventions on the human brain were undertaken; man has however sought to understand its structure and function for several thousand years in order to reach therapeutic consequences. A few highlights of brain research and neurosurgery from the neolithic to current times are described along with the prevailing views and technologies. Parallels are drawn with examples from clock making. An outlook to computer aided surgery (CAS) combining modern imaging techniques with data processing and technical operative innovation is given.

Europe↗
PubMed1988

Primary (essential) thrombocythemia versus polycythemia vera rubra. A histomorphometric analysis of bone marrow features in trephine biopsies.

A morphometric analysis of bone marrow biopsies was performed in 25 patients each with clinical diagnoses of primary (essential) thrombocythemia (PTH) and polycythemia vera rubra (P. vera) according to the rigid diagnostic criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group to reveal significant differences in the histomorphologic features between these disorders. In comparison with control specimens of patients without any hematologic disease, megakaryocyte proliferation was most prominent in PTH, even exceeding that of P. vera with concomitant thrombocythemia (11 of 25 cases with a platelet count greater than 600 X 10(9)/L). Moreover, in P. vera there were wide ranges of megakaryocyte sizes, consisting of micro-megakaryocytes as well as giant forms with highly segmented nuclei (four nuclear lobes), which gave the cells a pleomorphic appearance. As compared with the normal bone marrow, the amount of neutrophilic granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis was not significantly increased in PTH, in contrast to P. vera. Similar results were obtainable regarding the density of reticulin (argyrophilic) fibers: a normal content was encountered in the control specimens and PTH, whereas P. vera displayed a minimal-to-slight increase. Finally, the bone marrow of P. vera was totally devoid of stainable iron while hemosiderin deposits were detected in about two-thirds of the patients without hematologic disorders and in PTH. The characteristic differences revealed by this morphometric study may lead to an improvement of the controversial histologic diagnosis in these disorders.

Biopsy↗