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This case report contains the dental, genetic and dermatoglyphic findings of a patient showing bilateral maxillary central incisors fused to an extra one and his paternal uncle having macrodontia of central incisor teeth.
Dental anomalies of the maxillary anterior teeth were studied in seventy-seven children affected by unilateral and bilateral clefts of the lip and alveolar process, with or without involvement of the palate. As for the permanent lateral incisor in the cleft area, our results show that its congenital absence is the most frequent abnormality followed by anomalies in size and shape and supernumerary teeth. Enamel hypoplasia was found to affect the permanent central incisor on the cleft side more frequently. Early recognition of tooth abnormalities during the primary dentition phase for an interceptive treatment of potentially severe problems was emphasized.
The purpose of the study was to investigate primary and permanent tooth anomalies of 5-year-old children in Taranaki; 1,680 children were examined by school dental therapists, and the presence of hypodontia, hyperdontia, and double teeth recorded. Panoramic radiographs were taken of those children with anomalies of the primary teeth. Anomalies of the primary teeth were detected in 23 children (1.4 percent). Six children (3 boys and 3 girls) had hypodontia, 3 children (2 boys and 1 girl) had a supernumerary tooth, and 14 children (9 boys and 5 girls) had double teeth. Six of the affected teeth (in 4 boys and 2 girls) were diagnosed as fusion, and 8 (5 boys and 3 girls) as gemination. The panoramic radiographs of the 23 children with anomalies of the primary teeth revealed that 14 (60.9 percent) also had anomalies of the succedaneous permanent teeth. Children with hypodontia in the primary dentition all had corresponding permanent teeth missing. In all but three children, only one tooth was involved. Nineteen of the 30 primary teeth (63 percent) and 12 of the 15 permanent teeth (80 percent) affected by hypodontia, gemination, or fusion were lateral incisors. For each type of anomaly, boys were affected more often than girls. The results of the study confirm that, when there is hypodontia, hyperdontia, gemination, or fusion of teeth in the primary dentition, there is an increased likelihood of anomalies of the succedaneous permanent teeth. Because of this close relationship between the dentitions, early identification of anomalies of the primary teeth can allow the dentist to investigate further and plan for treatment at the appropriate time.
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A case is reported of a retained maxillary primary canine that functioned effectively over fifty years. At the time of exfoliation the tooth was still of normal length and was lost not because of ankylosis and root resorption, but because of periodontal disease. Excellent histological preservation of the specimen at the time of exfoliation, together with a very complete clinical history, permitted the development of a detailed description of a tooth and its dying pulp while under function over a long period of time.
Two alternative methods of restoring primary teeth that had multisurface lesions were examined in a clinical longitudinal study. In a paired comparison, stainless steel crowns proved far superior to multisurface amalgam restorations with respect to both lifespan and replacement rate. Stainless steel crowns are not only more acceptable to the patient and more cost effective, but also more acceptable to the dentist because of the comparatively simple procedures involved in restoring even severely affected primary molars.
This case report describes a disfiguring hypoplastic maxillary right central incisor in a 20-year-old man. The maxillary primary central had been traumatized in a fall, which had resulted in its intrusion with subsequent episodes of pain and swelling around the tooth. The tooth had been extracted several years later. When the permanent central incisor erupted, it was grossly hypoplastic. The possible causes of this defect are discussed.
Failure of eruption of incisors can cause problems in the adult dentition. Early diagnosis is vital, and a number of options are available for treatment. This article sets out guidelines for general dental practitioners managing such teeth.
Unerupted primary teeth are a rare event and in most cases involve the second primary molars. The impaction may be primary, meaning that the teeth never have been erupted (also called primary failure of eruption), or it may be secondary, meaning that the teeth after eruption are reimpacted. The present report describes five cases (three boys and two girls) with primary failure of eruption of totally fourteen second primary molars. None of these teeth ever erupted and were removed surgically at an age of 10-11 yrs. Additionally, in all five cases the eruption of the entire permanent dentition was severely retarded. Consequences of the nonerupting primary molars put a more functional strain, with severe attrition, on the remaining teeth. The unerupted primary molars also seemed to prevent the development of the corresponding premolars. In addition the impacted primary molars were in some cases a threat to the eruption of first permanent molars. The etiology of the present primary failure of eruption seems to be inheritance, and the mode of transmission is judged to be autosomal dominant.
The study consisted of analysis of all cases of anomalies in the primary dentition that were seen or treated by the authors in the Department of Children's Dentistry and Orthodontics. A total of 79 occurrences of anomalies was seen in 65 children. The anomalies detected were double teeth, hypodontia and supernumerary teeth. Radiographic examinations of the affected children showed that over 60% of the cases with anomalies in the primary dentition are associated with anomalies of the succadeneous permanent dentition. All subjects with hypodontia of the primary dentition presented with hypodontia of the permanent dentition. However, anomalies of the permanent dentition were seen in 59% of subjects with primary double tooth and 50% of subjects with primary supernumerary tooth.
This retrospective study reports the radiographic prevalence of embedded primary molar roots within Saudi adult dentulous patients. Embedded roots of primary molars were viewed radiographically by evaluation of the records of 300 patients. Embedded primary molar roots were detected in 7 percent of the viewed patient radiographs. Fifty-five percent of the embedded roots demonstrated the concomitant existence of partial bony ankylosis. The remaining 45 percent of the embedded roots were surrounded by an intact lamina dura and periodontal ligament space. The frequency of occurrence demonstrated an age-based relationship, showing 9 percent prevalence in the older age-group (41-50 yr.) as compared to a 45 percent occurrence seen in the younger (15-20 yr.) group. Seventy-seven percent of the embedded roots were found within the mandible as compared with a 23 percent occurrence in the maxilla.
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A dentigerous cyst of the mandibular second premolar in a 5-year-old female was radiographically diagnosed. A non-vital primary predecessor molar had been removed a year earlier. At that time, the primary molar had been in the mouth for approximately two years. Although there was the possibility of the premolar being non-vital, as a consequence of the cystic cavity surrounding it, marsupialization treatment of the cyst was done, causing a rapid development of the premolar. Structural irregularities in the enamel and in the first radicular portion were visible, possibly caused by the very early beginning of the cyst formation.
A case is presented of a late developing maxillary supernumerary tooth in the permanent dentition. The patient had a supernumerary tooth fused to a central incisor in the primary dentition. This case emphasizes the importance of careful follow-up of patients with a history of supernumerary teeth and, where clinically indicated, of further radiographic examination.
Impaction of a primary tooth is a rare occurrence compared to impaction of a permanent tooth. Impaction should be differentiated from reimpaction, a condition in which an erupted tooth loses its apical movement and impaired development of the alveolar bone surrounding the tooth occurs. In dental ankylosis, the height of the alveolar process stops in the affected area, the adjoining teeth continue to move occlusally, and neighboring teeth drift. The author discusses the uncertain etiology of reimpaction. The history of a three-year-old patient is presented.
PURPOSE: To evaluate the microleakage of a universal hydrophilic adhesive (OptiBond dual-cure) by itself as a pit and fissure sealant compared to that of an ionomeric product (VariGlass) and two hydrophobic sealants (Delton and Fluroshield). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty-four extracted human third molars were sealed with one of these four materials under either a conventional procedure (free of humidity) or after contamination of the etched surfaces with 3 microliters of human plasma. The sealed teeth were subjected to 1,500 thermocycles (1 min/5-55 degrees C) and to 450,000 mechanical cycles under an 8.5 kgf average load at 37 degrees C. The tooth crowns were partially coated with nail varnish, immersed in a 50% aqueous solution of AgNO3 for 2 h in darkness, washed and then developed for 8 h under fluorescent light. The teeth were sectioned and dye penetration was scored according to a 4-point scale by four trained professionals. RESULTS: An ANOVA suggested that under no humidity conditions, the average score for VariGlass (1.92 +/- 0.36) was significantly higher (P = 0.0006) than that corresponding to the three remaining materials (1.28 +/- 0.20) which were considered equivalent. Under humid (plasma contaminated) conditions, there was complete loss of Delton and Fluroshield in all cases, whereas the average score for VariGlass (1.98 +/- 0.36) was slightly higher (P = 0.0444) than that for OptiBond (1.62 +/- 0.36). These results suggest that OptiBond may be used by itself as a pit and fissure sealant instead of the combination of adhesive plus sealant.