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PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatophytoses in the Gdańsk area, Poland: a 12-year survey.

A survey of dermatophytes and dermatophytoses was carried out among patients of the Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Gdańsk, in the years 1984-95. Over the 12-year period, 1195 cases of ringworm were seen: 55% in men and 45% in women. Listing the dermatophytes isolated and their frequencies as a percentage of the total are as follows: Trichophyton mentagrophytes 42.1%, Microsporum canis 26.0%, Trichophyton rubrum 14.7%, Epidermophyton floccosum 11.0%, Trichophyton tonsurans 4.6%, Trichophyton verrucosum 1.3%, Trichophyton violaceum 0.3%. The most common clinical variant of dermatophytosis in the Gdańsk area was tinea cutis glabrae (32.9%), followed by tinea pedis (24%), onychomycosis (16.5%), tinea capitis (11.9%)), tinea inguinalis (10.3%) and tinea manuum (4.4%). Dermatophytoses were significantly more frequent among adults (> 15 years) (71.3%).

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Dermatophytoses in monterrey, méxico.

In the present report we reviewed a total of 2397 cases of dermatophytosis from superficial cutaneous lesions between the years 1978 and 1990. The cases included were from the Department of Dermatology at the University Hospital located in the city of Monterrey, México. A total of 726 tinea pedis, 613 tinea unguium, 441 tinea capitis, 395 tinea corporis and 222 tinea cruris cases were observed. The most commonly isolated dermatophyte species was Trichophyton rubrum (45%), followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes (23.7%), Trichophyton tonsurans (21%), Microsporum canis (7.1%) and Epidermophyton floccosum (2.5%). Less frequently we isolated Microsporum audouinii, Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton violaceum and Trichophyton verrucosum. Most of the cases were observed in the warmest months of the year (from March to September), and were equally distributed in both genders, except for tinea cruris which was more prevalent in men (3.5 : 1 ratio).

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dermatophyte agents in the city of São Paulo, from 1992 to 2002.

Dermatophytosis are superficial mycoses caused by fungi that can invade stratum corneum and keratinized tissues. In order to study the frequency of dermatophytes species and the clinical manifestations caused by these fungi, in São Paulo, SP, Brazil, the authors analyzed cultures isolated at the Mycology Laboratory from a selected population (15,300 out-patients of the Hospital das Clínicas, Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine of University of São Paulo) from January 1992 to June 2002. The most prevalent dermatophyte was Trichophyton rubrum (48.7%), followed by Microsporum canis (20.9%), Trichophyton tonsurans (13.8%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (9.7%), Epidermophyton floccosum (4.1%), and Microsporum gypseum (2.5%). These agents determined more than one clinical manifestation, i.e., tinea corporis (31.5%), tinea capitis (27.5%), tinea unguium (14.8%), tinea cruris (13.9%), tinea pedis (9.9%), and tinea manuum (1.9%). Clinical variants of dermatophytosis and their relationship to the etiologic agents were studied and the results were compared to those obtained in previous studies in other regions of Brazil and in other countries.

Brazil↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Mycoses frequency in three communities in the North mountain of the State of Puebla].

In order to know mycosis frequency in the North of the State of Puebla, Mexico, in habitants from the communities of Ayotoxco, Mazatepec and Zacatipan were studied. Previous medical study biological samples were submitted to direct examination, smear and culture. Histoplasmin and sporotrichin skin test were applied to 57 individual from Zacatipan. From 110 patients 146 mycological studies were performed. Eighty six cases (59%) of mycosis were detected: 43 finger or toenails onychomycosis, 25 tinea pedis, seven tinea capitis, four cases of tinea manum and, finally, five cases of seborrhoeic dermatitis and two of pitiriasis versicolor. We isolated: 18 streins of dermatophytes, mainly Trichophyton rubrum and T. mentagrophytes (11 and 5 strains respectively); 12 cultures of non-dermatophytes filamentous fungi; six cases of mycelia sterile; six yeast strains, most of them Candida spp but none C. albicans. From 57 patients to whom skin tests were applied, five of them (8.8%) were positive to both antigens; ten positive (17.6%) only to histoplasmin and eight (14%) to sporotrichin. This study showed that rural population from Puebla present a high frequency of superficial mycosis (61% of mycological studies). Considering the percentage of positive skin test we suppose that there are many not diagnosed sporotrichosis and histoplasmosis cases.

Bacteria↗
PubMed2004

[Superficial infections caused by Microsporum canis in humans and animals].

Dermatophytic infections caused by M. canis in humans and animals have a world wide distribution and they are zoonotic. The objective in this work was to know the frequency of M. canis infections in humans and pets. We studied our cases from January 1994 to December 2002. The human samples were obtained from a Dermatological Department in a General Hospital and we registered the next data: age, sex, job, and affected area. The animal samples were obtained from a mycological veterinary laboratory, and we registered the presence or absence of clinical lesions. A total of 46 clinical cases of M. canis infections were recorded, 26 female and 20 males: tinea capitis 21, tinea corporis 17, tinea pedis five, onychomycosis two, and only one case with tinea faciei. The 46 cases with positive culture yield 42 positive samples in KOH. The age range varied from 2 to 60 years. Among the animals, we studied 461 dogs and found six KOH positive (1%) samples and cultured 23 isolates (4.98%): 21 M. canis, one M. gypseum and one Trichophyton spp. From the 68 samples of cats, eight (11.76%) were positive to KOH, being 26 (38.23%) M. canis isolates. In M. canis infections in humans, the age rage was wide with predominance in women. In animals, M. canis isolates represented the most dermatophytic infection.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[Dermatophytes and dermatophytosis in Córdoba (Spain)].

During a two year period all patients referred to the Dermatology Department with the diagnosis of dermatophytosis were studied. We obtained 158 dermatophyte isolated belonging to 12 species of dermatophytes. The most frequent causal agents were M. canis in 58 (36.7%), T. mentagrophytes var mentagrophytes in 36 (22.7%), E. floccosum in 29 (18.3%) and T. rubrum in 17 (10.7%). M. canis was the most prevalent causal agent of tinea capitis and tinea corporis. The most frequent species in the tinea cruris was E. floccosum. In 4 patients there were simultaneous infection by two different agents. The incidence of dermatophytosis in Córdoba is high. Due to the similarities with other diseases, the mycologic examination by culture is essential.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Current treatment of dermatophytoses.

There is a wide variety of highly effective topical antifungal agents available for the treatment of dermatophytosis. In more widespread infections or those involving hair or nails oral therapy with griseofulvin or ketoconazole can be used. With both forms of therapy certain types of dermatophyte infection are clinically resistant to treatment. These include onychomycosis, infections of the sole caused by T.rubrum and certain forms of tinea capitis (e.g. favus) or tinea corporis. In future consideration needs to be given to find the optimum duration and frequency of treatment and better methods of allowing penetration of drugs into nails and heavely keratinised sites.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1997

[Dermatophytes isolated in our clinics. 5-year-study in Zaragoza].

BACKGROUND: This review summarizes the different species of dermatophytes isolates in our laboratory between 1991 and 1995. We describe the clinical forms and establish the distribution over this period of time. METHODS: Retrospective survey of samples from outpatients of the Dermatology Service in Miguel Servet Hospital where mycologic cultures are required. The extraction of samples is made by scrapes with a carpet or scalpel and they are cultured on Saboureaud agar with chloramphenicol and dermatophytes agar for 3 weeks. All plates were incubated at 28 degrees C. The identification of isolated strains is made by means of morphologic and physiologic criteria; the doubtful strains were identified in national referral center of Majadahonda CNMVISS. RESULTS: 4004 samples were analyzed from 3934 patients and 543 strains of dermatophytes were isolated. The frequencies were as follow: Microsporum canis (44%), Trichophyton mentagrophytes (31.4%), Trichophyton rubrum (18.6%), Epidermophyton floccosum (2.6%), Microsporum gypseum (1.4%), Trichophyton tonsurans (0.7%), Trichophyton verrucosum (0.7%), Trichophyton violaceum (0.2%) y Microsporum audouinii (0.2%). The most frequently observed dermatophytoses were Tinea corporis (54.8%), followed by Tinea unguium (12.6%), Tinea capitis (12.5%), Tinea pedis (8.3%), Tinea manuum (6.3%), Tinea cruris (4.7%) and Tinea barbae (0.7%). CONCLUSIONS: The zoophylic species are the most prevalent in our area and we have observed a raise of Microsporum canis in recent years. It is important to perform mycologic survey in every suspected lesion in older to determinate the true incidence of human dermatophytoses.

Arthrodermataceae↗
PubMed1998

Diagnosis and management of common tinea infections.

The estimated lifetime risk of acquiring a dermatophyte infection is between 10 and 20 percent. Recognition and appropriate treatment of these infections reduces both morbidity and discomfort and lessens the possibility of transmission. Dermatophyte infections are classified according to the affected body site, such as tinea capitis (scalp), tinea barbae (beard area), tinea corporis (skin other than bearded area, scalp, groin, hands or feet), tinea cruris (groin, perineum and perineal areas), tinea pedis (feet), tinea manuum (hands) and tinea unguium (nails). To determine the best treatment approach, the physician must consider several factors: (1) the anatomic locations of the infection, (2) the safety, efficacy and cost of treatment options and (3) the likelihood that the patient will comply with treatment. Newer medications in both oral and topical forms, including imidazoles and allylamines, have greatly increased the cure rate for tinea infections. Certain types of tinea may be treated with "pulse" regimens; these innovative therapies lower treatment costs and improve patient compliance.

Administration, Cutaneous↗
PubMed2003

Scalp ringworm in south-east London and an analysis of a cohort of patients from a paediatric dermatology department.

BACKGROUND: Scalp ringworm or tinea capitis has become an increasingly important public health issue in the past decade in Great Britain. Recently, certain dermatology departments in London have seen a large increase in tinea capitis in all its forms. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this paper is to present the detailed analysis of a cohort of 277 patients with tinea capitis seen during a 2-year period together with the latest local figures of tinea capitis cases from an inner city paediatric dermatology service. Methods Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were collected prospectively over 2 years from all cases of ringworm in patients seen in a paediatric clinic specially set up for scalp problems. RESULTS: Sixty-two per cent of 277 cases of scalp ringworm were caused by Trichophyton tonsurans, occurring mainly (91%) in patients with Afro-Caribbean hair type, more often in boys (68%), and in the 3-8 year olds (70%). Only 7% of the patients had received appropriate treatment with oral griseofulvin. An additional 156 cases from the general paediatric dermatology clinic showed 91%T. tonsurans infections. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of scalp ringworm appears to be reaching epidemic proportions in certain areas that include south-east London. The clinical problem is not yet well recognized by local general practitioners.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

The efficacy and safety of terbinafine in children.

Terbinafine is an allylamine antifungal agent that has been effective and safe in the treatment of superficial and some deep mycotic infections in adults. An increasing amount of data is available where terbinafine has been used in the paediatric population to treat superficial fungal infections, in particular tinea capitis. The data suggest that terbinafine is effective and safe using treatment regimens that involve short duration therapy, leading to an increased compliance and providing a cost-effective means of treating paediatric superficial fungal infections such as tinea capitis. Terbinafine has been approved for the treatment of tinea capitis in many countries worldwide, and provides good efficacy rates for Trichophyton tinea capitis using shorter regimens than the gold standard griseofulvin. The adverse events profile for children is similar to that in adults with few adverse effects associated with its use. The evidence favours the use of terbinafine in the treatment of superficial infections in children.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1976

Superficial mycoses.

Twenty-five years ago many of the topical remedies for superficial mycoses were irritating, toxic, or allergenic. Total x-ray depilation of the scalp was the accepted mode of therapy for tinea capitis. The introduction of topical nystatin for candidiasis and tolnaftate for dermatophytosis were major advances, but tinea capitis, onychomycosis, and chronic tinea pedis still presented problems. Soon after its introduction in 1958, griseofulvin became the definitive form of therapy for all types of dermatophytosis and played a major role in abolishing large-scale epidemics of tinea capitis in some countries. Recently, haloprogin and the imidazole derivatives, miconazole and clotrimazole, which are topically active against dermatophytes and Candida albicans, have become available. Selective indicator media for isolating dermatophytes are useful diagnostic tools, but quicker methods of diagnosis which require little interpretation are still lacking. Epidemiologic studies in Vietnam again revealed the effects of climate and occlusion on the prevalence, incidence, and severity of superficial mycoses and led to renewed interest in host susceptibility, environment, and prevention of infections.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1994

Ecology and epidemiology of dermatophyte infections.

Our knowledge of ecology and epidemiology of dermatophytes and the factors influencing their transmission has helped us understand better the natural history of dermatophytoses. It seems that the anthropophilic agents of scalp infection are being eradicated in developing nations. The exception is Trichophyton tonsurans-related tinea capitis in North America. Microsporum canis is a prevalent agent of tinea capitis in many regions of the world, and this could be related to close association of humans with their pets. Trichophyton violaceum is endemic in certain parts of Eastern Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America but not in North America. Trichophyton rubrum is the most common cause worldwide of tinea pedis, nail infection, tinea cruris, and tinea corporis. Although the incidence of tinea capitis is declining in developed nations, tinea pedis and onychomycosis are becoming more common. The increased use of athletic shoes both by men and women and communal bathing could be contributing factors. Five or six species account for most dermatophytoses globally.

Animals↗
PubMed1994

Trichophyton tonsurans infection in Tainan area.

We report a clinicomycologic study of eight culture-proven cases (diagnosed from May 1991 to June 1992) of Trichophyton tonsurans (T. tonsurans) infection in Tainan. T. tonsurans is the most common cause of tinea capitis in the United States and Mexico; Trichophyton violaceum (T. violaceum) is the most common cause in South Africa, India, Jordan and the Far East. To date, there has been no written report of infection caused by T. tonsurans in Taiwan. We report six cases of tinea capitis and two cases of tinea corporis which were proven to be T. tonsurans infection. In this small series, as in our previous series on T. violaceum infection, a predominance of adults of the female gender was noted. The median age of the adults was 58 years. The only child patient was an eight-year-old girl with tinea capitis whose mother was also infected. We have observed T. tonsurans infection with an increasing frequency over the last two years in Tainan. In the future, one would expect an increased incidence of T. tonsurans infections in other parts of the country, especially in adjoining cities. Dermatologists should be increasingly alerted to the possibilities of T. tonsurans as an etiologic agent in fungal infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1981

Study of dermatomycoses.

555 clinically suspected cases of dermatomycoses were studied for causative fungi and their detailed clinical manifestations. The fungi were demonstrated on routine KOH mount and/or by culture in 464 cases (83.6%). Tinea corporis was the predominant fungal infection (30.6%) and T. rubrum was the main etiologic agent. Favus (T. schoenleini) was found only in cases from Jammu and Kashmir valleys. There was a high incidence of tinea capitis among children. Trichophyton tonsurans was isolated in cases of tinea corporis, tinea cruris, and tinea pedis. Trichophyton ferrugineum and T. verrucosum were isolated from cases of tinea capitis; and Microsporum gypseum was isolated from tinea cruris infections.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

The use of fluconazole to treat superficial fungal infections in children.

Fluconazole has excellent absorption and good persistence in tissues that suggests it may be useful in superficial fungal infections. The predominant use in pediatric superficial fungal infection has been for tinea capitis, and successful treatment has been shown with both daily and weekly fluconazole regimens. The data regarding fluconazole use in superficial fungal infections in children are somewhat limited; however, it seems that there is good potential for the safe use of fluconazole to treat tinea capitis in children. Further studies need to be conducted, particularly in cases of tinea capitis (both T. tonsurans and M. canis), to determine the optimal treatment regimens using fluconazole.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed2001

Polymorphic exocellular protease expression in clinical isolates of Trichophyton tonsurans.

Tinea capitis continues to be an overwhelmingly prevalent disease in children. Despite the fact that it was recognized over a century ago, the factors that dictate the divergent clinical presentations seen with tinea capitis (e.g., carrier state, chronic non-inflammatory infection, acute severely-inflammatory infection) remain unknown. Given the pathogenic role of exocellular proteases in dermatophyte infections and their potential immunogenic role, this investigation was designed to characterize strain-specific variability in fungal protease expression and activity in Trichophyton tonsurans isolates identified from children with tinea capitis.

Child↗
PubMed2005

Dermatophytosis in Tulugudu Island, Ethiopia.

The objective of this investigation was to assess the prevalence of dermatophytoses in children in a geographically restricted area in the Ethiopian countryside, and to determine the aetiological agents of these infections. Demographical and clinical-dermatological data were collected from all children 4-15 years of age on Tulugudu Island, Southern Ethiopia. Mycological specimens were taken and species identification determined through morphological observations and biochemical tests, complemented with sequencing of rDNA ITS2 region when necessary. Of 171 children, 96% shared combs, 85% shared beds and 97% had animal contact. Family size was > 5 persons in 50% of the test subjects and prevalence of tinea capitis was elevated in this group (P < 0.005). Dermatophytoses were clinically diagnosed in 136 cases (79.5%). Tinea capitis (T. capitis) was the most common manifestation with 104 cases (76.5%). T. capitis was combined with dermatophytic infections at other sites in 19 cases. Tinea faciae and Tinea corporis were found in four and two cases, respectively, and pediculosis capitis was diagnosed in 2.9% of the test subjects. Of 135 samples from hair (n = 112), skin (n = 19) and finger-nail (n = 4), 74.1% were microscopy-positive for dermatophytes, 73% were positive in culture, giving an overall prevalence of dermatophytoses in 57.3% of all children examined. Trichophyton violaceum was identified in 80.6% of cultures, Trichophyton verrucosum in 16.3% and Trichophyton tonsurans in 2.0%. One isolate was identified as a white variant of T. violaceum. Tinea capitis was highly prevalent in children on Tulugudu Island, Southern Ethiopia. The anthropophilic species T. violaceum dominated as an aetiological agent. Zoophilic dermatophytes were relatively rarely isolated from clinical specimens, despite the children's frequent contact with animals.

Adolescent↗