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PubMed1990

Prediction of migraine using psychophysiological and personality measures.

The topics of interest in this study are whether migraine patients exhibit a stereotypic reaction to a stressful stimulus which is different from the reaction of nonheadache controls and whether it is possible to predict headache activity within the migraine population. Our study population comprised 37 female migraine patients and 34 matched controls. Heart rate, skin conductance, pulse amplitude of the temporal artery and an EMG of the temporal muscle were registered during a baseline situation and during a mental stressor. In addition, state anxiety, trait anxiety, facilitating anxiety and stress tolerance were assessed. Migraine patients reported higher levels of trait anxiety, greater fear of failure, lower stress tolerance and higher levels of state anxiety than nonheadache controls. Physiological baseline levels and stress reactions did not differ between migraine patients and controls. Linear combinations of psychological and psychophysiological data sets did not show an acceptable degree of accuracy in the classification of individual response profiles into groups. Within the migraine group, 54% of the average duration of migraine attacks and 33% of the variation in average maximum headache intensity could be explained by a combination of psychological, psychophysiological and socio-demographic variables. It is concluded that measures from both the psychological and the physiological domain should be included when studying the effects of stress in migraine.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Local decrease of pressure pain threshold in nummular headache.

BACKGROUND: Nummular headache (NH) is a primary disorder presenting with localized pain that is circumscribed to a coin-shaped area of the head surface. METHODS: In 12 patients with NH (3 men and 9 women, 21 to 67 years old), we measured the pressure pain threshold (PPT) in several points while they were headache-free. The following cephalic and extracephalic points were explored: the symptomatic cranial area, a symmetrical point on the nonsymptomatic side, and 3 standardized pairs of symmetrical points (anterior part of the temporal muscle, upper trapezius muscle, and distal dorsal part of the second finger). Three consecutive PPT readings were obtained with an algometer on each point, and the repeatability of these measurements was always high (ICC: 0.93 to 0.97). RESULTS: Mean PPT was lower in the symptomatic cranial area than in the contra-lateral symmetrical point (1.8 +/- 0.6 kg/cm(2) vs 2.4 +/- 0.6 kg/cm(2); P < .001), whereas in the remaining reference points PPT was almost equal on both sides. CONCLUSIONS: According to these data, NH seems to be associated with a local increase of pain sensitivity to mechanical stimulation.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The influence of the leaf gauge and anterior jig on jaw muscle electromyography and condylar head displacement: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: A leaf gauge and an anterior jig may be used to assist the recording of a reproducible jaw position for restorative and prosthodontic treatment. This study investigated possible condylar displacement using an opto-electronic jaw-tracking device and a leaf gauge or anterior jig. The effect of a leaf gauge and anterior jig on jaw muscle electromyography was also examined. METHODS: Five healthy adults without symptoms of temporomandibular disorders were selected. Condylar displacement during clenching were recorded simultaneously with electromyographic activity of superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid, anterior and posterior temporalis, masseter, and suprahyoid muscles. Subjects were trained to bite at maximum and half-maximum bite-force using an anterior jig incorporating a force transducer. RESULTS: No consistent condylar displacement was observed in x, y and z axes between different bite-forces although there was a trend towards superior displacement. Comparison of maximum intercuspal clench and maximum clench on a leaf gauge and an anterior jig produced significant decrease in anterior temporalis activity (p < 0.05), whilst an anterior jig with maximum clench significantly decreased posterior temporalis muscle activity. CONCLUSION: Within the limits of this pilot study, no consistent change in condylar position was identified with these appliances.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dyserythropoiesis, polymyopathy, and cardiac disease in three related English springer spaniels.

A polysystemic disorder was observed in three related English Springer Spaniel dogs that demonstrated regurgitation from an early age, slowly progressive temporal muscle atrophy with partial trismus, and less pronounced generalized skeletal muscle atrophy. All dogs exhibited moderate dyserythropoietic anemia, polymyopathy with megaesophagus, and varying degrees of cardiomegaly. The prevalence, etiology, underlying pathomechanism, and possible mode of inheritance remain to be elucidated.

Anemia, Dyserythropoietic, Congenital↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Intraoperative identification of regenerated chorda tympani nerve and its relationship to recovered taste function.

This study demonstrated a simple method of repairing the severed chorda tympani nerve and a method of intraoperative identification of regenerated nerves, and evaluated taste function of regenerated nerves. Seven patients who underwent staged tympanoplasty and whose chorda tympani nerve was severed during primary surgery were evaluated. When the chorda tympani nerve was severed during primary surgery, proximal and distal stumps were anastomosed or approximated almost in the original position and fixed with fibrin glue on the temporal muscle fascia used to reconstruct the eardrum by the underlay method. During primary surgery, end-to-end anastomosis was possible in 3 patients but nerve gap defects remained in the other 4 patients. In all 7 patients, regenerated nerves were identified during secondary surgery not in the tympanic cavity but in the submucosal layer of the previously reconstructed eardrum. In all patients, complete or incomplete recovery of taste perception was observed by both the filter paper disk method and electrogustometry, suggesting that the regenerated nerves had actual taste function. From these results, it was concluded that the severed chorda tympani nerve could regenerate in the reconstructed eardrum even if nerve gap defects remained between the proximal and distal cut ends, when repair or approximation of the nerve was properly completed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2003

Gender differences in coping with tension-type headaches.

OBJECTIVE: To study gender differences of coping with illness strategies in tension-type headaches. METHOD: We enrolled 89 subjects (50 women, 39 men) suffering from episodic (n = 37) and chronic (n = 52) tension-type headaches (TTH). Patients were required to answer a Freiburg Questionnaire of Coping with Illness (FQCI), a Von Zerssen Depression Scale (D-S), quality-of-life questionnaires, and a headache home diary (over 4 weeks). In addition, pressure pain thresholds (temporal muscles) and Total Tenderness Scores were obtained. RESULTS: While pain intensity, frequency and quality-of-life parameters were basically the same for female and male EPISODIC TTH sufferers, women scored significantly higher on the F3 subscale (distracting and encouraging) of the FQCI and tended to score higher on the F1 subscale (depressive). Among CHRONIC TTH patients, women reported the pain to be more intense (VAS), were more depressed (D-S), and scored lower on several quality-of-life scores. Female chronic TTH sufferers scored significantly lower on the F2 subscale (active coping) and tended to score higher on F5 (denying). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that pessimistic coping with illness strategies are more frequent in female episodic and chronic TTH sufferers. We would like to recommend special psychologic intervention in particular to female chronic TTH sufferers which would offer counseling in developing active coping skills.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMed1979

Trend analysis of jaw jerk action potential-amplitude data.

The amplitude of the jaw jerk action potential (MSP) is a parameter with potential diagnostic value. It has apparently a large and irregular variation which has not yet been subjected to a thorough analysis. It is important to know if samples of MSP contain trends. The occurrence of trends indicates that the average value is influenced in a principally different way by changes in the number of observations per sample than if trends do not occur. If, for instance, there is a positive linear trend in the data, this means that the average value is larger if the number of observations is small. Samples of MSPs therefore were recorded, using surface EMG electrodes in the masseter and the anterior temporal muscles of young and elderly subjects, and subjected to trend analysis. Trends of the 1--4th grade occurred in 51% of the samples. Both positive and negative linear trends were found and had about the same frequency. The trend components were, however, randomly distributed. Comparisons between groups may therefore be made without the claim of trend-free samples. This significantly facilitates the use of the parameter MSP-amplitude, since it is difficult to obtain samples which have a normal and identical distribution.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1979

Standard values of the amplitude of jaw jerk action potential and differences due to age, sex and L-dopa treatment.

The amplitude of the jaw jerk action potential (MSP) is a parameter with possible diagnostic value. Standard values have, however, not yet been established. MSPs were recorded using surface EMG electrodes in the masseter and the anterior temporal muscles of young and elderly healthy males and females. The group means ranged from 0.26 to 2.11 mV in the masseter and from 0.17 to 0.81 mV in the anterior temporalis. The amplitude of MSP was higher in females than in males, decreased in elderly subjects and lower in the temporalis than in the masseter. The jaw jerk action potentials also were recorded in four subjects before and after L-Dopa administration. The amplitude increased by about 90%. It is concluded that the parameter MSP amplitude can be useful in the studies of muscle spindle sensitivity and the influence of various physiological, pathophysiological and pharmacological factors on the nervous regulation and muscle function in the masticatory system.

Action Potentials↗
PubMed1987

Experimental masticatory muscle pain.

Ten female subjects with no history of temporomandibular disorders performed five exercises designed to induce masticatory muscle pain. Three of the exercises were replications of Christensen's tooth-clenching (1970) and tooth-grinding (1971) studies and Scott and Lundeen's mandibular protrusion (1980) study. The other two exercises were designed to induce specific unilateral masticatory muscle pain. The amount of muscle pain as well as the time of onset and the duration were assessed by a clinical palpation exam and a pain questionnaire. These five pain-inducing methods did not consistently produce masticatory muscle pain in non-pain subjects. However, certain individuals appeared to be very susceptible to developing pain during or after most of the exercises. These susceptible individuals demonstrated a bilateral muscle pain pattern after the unilaterally stressful exercises. None of the five exercises produced a statistically significant amount of site-specific masticatory muscle pain as determined by either the palpation examination or the pain questionnaire, even when the exercise was intended to produce such specificity. The fact that some subjects did develop masticatory muscle pain is indicative that muscle exercise and fatigue may lead to TMD-like symptoms.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Comparison of jaw-muscle bite-force cross-sections obtained by means of magnetic resonance imaging and high-resolution CT scanning.

Cross-sectional areas of the jaw muscles were determined by means of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in 12 healthy adult male subjects. These findings were compared with the cross-sectional areas of the jaw muscles of the same subjects, obtained by means of computer tomography (CT) in a previous study (Weijs and Hillen, 1985). Significant correlations (r greater than 0.7) were found between the CT and MRI cross-sections of the masseter, medial pterygoid, and temporalis muscles. The low correlation between the CT and MRI cross-sections of the lateral pterygoid muscle could be explained by the different imaging techniques (slice thickness) of MRI and CT scanning. CT and MRI cross-sectional areas of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscle (but not the temporalis muscle) showed highly positive and significant correlations with the maximal voluntary bite force. In living subjects, the cross-sections of the masseter and medial pterygoid muscles can be visualized with CT and MRI. Compared with CT, MRI has some advantages, such as the absence of adverse effects (no radiation) and the excellent soft-tissue imaging. Furthermore, a series of frontal, horizontal, sagittal, and angulated MRI scans can be made without modification of the patient's position, facilitating reconstruction of the jaw muscles.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Juvenile rhabdomyosarcomas in two dogs.

Juvenile rhabdomyosarcomas were diagnosed in two young dogs based on the results of histopathology, phosphotungstic acid-hematoxylin stain, immunohistochemistry, and the age of the dogs. One dog, an 11-month-old Rottweiler, had tumor masses in the maxillary gingiva and the urinary bladder. Histologically, the gingival mass was an alveolar type of rhabdomyosarcoma and the urinary bladder mass was an embryonal type. The other dog, a 1.5-year-old Basset Hound, had an embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma involving the oropharynx and the temporal muscles, with metastasis to the regional lymph node and lungs.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Cerebellar medulloblastoma with multiple differentiation in a dog.

A 4-year-old female, spayed Border Collie Dog was brought to the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a progressive head tilt and ataxia that were unresponsive to therapy. Neurologic examination localized a right-sided lesion. The owner refused additional diagnostic tests, and necropsy was performed after euthanasia. Gross findings included atrophy of the temporal muscles and a moderately well delineated, 2.5- x 1.5- x 1.0-cm, gray soft-tissue mass compressing the right cerebellar hemisphere and dorsal hindbrain, resulting in massive dilatation of the lateral, third, and fourth ventricles and hydrocephalus. Histologic examination revealed two distinct features: undifferentiated, primitive, polygonal to fusiform cells with typical morphologic characteristics of medulloblastoma and interspersed areas containing myelinated axons and cells with glial and neuronal differentiation. Immunohistochemical examination confirmed the presence of primitive neuroepithelium and cells with glial and neuronal differentiation.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

Hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha DNA induced angiogenesis in a rat cerebral ischemia model.

BACKGROUND: Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) is a transcription factor that regulates the adaptive response to hypoxia in mammalian cells. It consists of a regulatory subunit HIF-1alpha, which accumulates under hypoxic conditions, and a constitutively expressed subunit, HIF-1beta. In this study, we investigated HIF-1alpha naked DNA-induced angiogenesis in a cerebral ischemic model in vivo. METHODS: We utilized a rat encephalo-myo-synangiosis (EMS) model and inoculated HIF-1alpha DNA into the brain surface or the temporal muscle. We analysed whether HIF-1alpha induced angiogenic factors and collateral circulation. RESULTS: A histological section treated with HIF-1alpha DNA showed an increased expression of HIF1 a and VEGF with collateral circulation, in comparison with control DNA (p < 0.01). The HIF-1alpha transcription factor is able to promote significant angiogenesis development. CONCLUSION: These results suggest the feasibility of a novel approach for therapeutic collateral circulation of cerebral ischemia in which neovascularization may be achieved indirectly using a transcriptional regulatory strategy.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Neuroprotective effect of YM90K, an AMPA-receptor antagonist, against delayed neuronal death induced by transient global cerebral ischemia in gerbils and rats.

We investigated the neuroprotective effect of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionate (AMPA)-receptor antagonist YM90K in transient global ischemia models. In a gerbil model, transient ischemia was induced by bilateral common carotid artery (CCA) occlusion for 5 min. On administration at 1 hr after ischemia, the AMPA antagonists NBQX (30 mg/kg, i.p. x 3) and YM90K (15 mg/kg, i.p. x 3 or 30 mg/kg, i.p. x 3) significantly reduced the delayed neuronal death in the hippocampal CA1 region from 4 days after bilateral CCA occlusion. Furthermore, YM90K (30 mg/kg, i.p. x 3) showed a neuroprotective effect even when given at 6 hr after ischemia. In contrast, the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonists CGS19755, MNQX (30 mg/kg, i.p. x 3, each) and (+/-)MK-801 (10 mg/kg, i.p.) were not effective on injection at 1 hr after ischemia in this model. In a rat model, ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion (4-VO) for 10 min. YM90K was administered 60 min after reperfusion. Rectal and temporal muscle temperatures were maintained at the same level as in the control group for 6 hr. YM90K markedly prevented the development of delayed neuronal death from 7 days after 4-VO at doses of 15 or 30 mg/kg, i.p. x 3, with neuroprotective efficacy similar to that in the gerbil model. These results suggest that the AMPA receptor plays a critical role in the development of the delayed neuronal death induced by transient global cerebral ischemia. They also suggest that the neuroprotective effect of YM90K is not related to its hypothermic effect.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

A case of canine primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).

A 2-year and 6 month-old, female, Golden Retriever showed circling behavior and seizure. By magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination, a mass was found on the surface of the left cerebral hemisphere, invading to the left temporal muscle. The skull bone between them was destroyed. The dog was euthanized and necropsied. Histologically, the mass contained a lot of undifferentiated anaplastic cells, forming Homer-Wright rosettes and pseudopalisading patterns. Thus, the case was diagnosed as primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET).

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Peripheral neuroblastoma in a young labrador retriever.

A 2-year-old Labrador Retriever developed atrophy of the right temporal muscle, subsequently showed generalized seizure and died 2 months after the clinical onset. Postmortem examination revealed the tumor masses in the right mandibulopharyngeal area, nasopharynx and intracranial space. Histopathologically, these tumor masses were composed of small round neoplastic cells and neuropil-like stroma separated by fibrovascular septa. In the neoplastic masses, small neoplastic cells with round to oval hyperchromatic nuclei and scanty cytoplasm predominated, and angulated neoplastic cells with larger nuclei and moderate cytoplasm were scattered. Immunohistochemically, neoplastic cells were positive for neuron specific enorase, neurofilament protein, chromogranin A, synaptophysin and tyrosine hydroxylase. Based on these findings, this case was diagnosed as peripheral neuroblastoma, presumably originated from the sympathetic ganglion, maybe right craninal cervical ganglion.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

Electroencephalographic and electromyographic changes during the use of detomidine and detomidine-butorphanol combination in standing horses.

Clinically, the use of detomidine and butorphanol is suitable for sedation and deepening of analgosedation. The aim of our study was to establish the influence of detomidine used alone and a butorphanol-detomidine combination on brain activity and to evaluate and compare brain responses (using electroencephalography, EEG) by recording SEF90 (spectral edge frequency 90%), individual brain wave fractions (beta, alpha, theta and delta) and electromyographic (EMG) changes in the left temporal muscle in standing horses. Ten clinically healthy cold-blooded horses were divided into two groups of five animals each. Group I received detomidine and Group II received detomidine followed by butorphanol 10 min later. SEF90, individual brain wave fractions and EMG were recorded with a pEEG (processed EEG) monitor using computerised processed electroencephalography and electromyography. The present study found that detomidine alone and the detomidine-butorphanol combination significantly reduced SEF90 and EMG, and they caused changes in individual brain wave fractions during sedation and particularly during analgosedation. The EMG results showed that the detomidine-butorphanol combination provided greater and longer muscle relaxation. Our EEG and EMG results confirmed that the detomidine-butorphanol combination is safer and more appropriate for painless and non-painless procedures on standing horses compared to detomidine alone.

Analgesics, Opioid↗