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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1995

Exploring the relationship between purpose in life and African American adolescents' use of prenatal care services.

This article presents findings of a study that explored the relationship between purpose in life and African American adolescents' use of prenatal care services. The findings revealed no statistically significant relationship, thus suggesting that purpose in life may not be a crucial factor in determining whether African American adolescents use prenatal care services. The need to explore the influence of other variables on service use and the importance of considering such findings for appropriate health care and social work intervention are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

Methods of prioritizing and measuring occupational health risks utilizing hospital back injury data. Development of composite comparative statistics.

The employee health service of a Boston hospital wanted a method to prioritize the risk of occupational injury or illness among its employees as the first step in developing a comprehensive ergonomics program. Data from the safety office and workers' compensation third-party administrator (TPA) was combined with hospital payroll data to create rates that compared all work areas based on the common denominator of 100 full-time equivalents (FTE). Rates for four different aspects of injury experience were calculated: incidence of total reported injuries, incidence of serious injuries, level of severity of injuries, and cost. The use of these simple rates alone was inadequate to accurately prioritize risk. Because most work areas ranked differently from one rate scale to the next, it was unclear which, if any, single rate most accurately defined risk. Composite statistics that combined all of the rates were needed. The Composite Risk Indicator (CRI), the Average Relative Risk (ARR), and the Justified Average Relative Risk (JARR) were developed and examined for their utility. The JARR emerged as the best choice in this setting because it captured all available information about injury or illness experience and provided a meaningful single indicator of risk that could be followed over time.

Back Injuries↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Health, growth, and use of community services in NICU graduates at early school age.

PURPOSE: To examine outcomes related to health, growth, and use of community health and education services in children ages 6 to 8 years who received newborn intensive care because of prematurity or perinatal complications. METHOD: Parents of 81 children who had received neonatal intensive care at a Midwest US tertiary care center completed a mailed questionnaire. Three birth weight groups (very low birth weight [VLBW] < 1500 g, n = 35; low birth weight [LBW] 1501-2500 g, n = 24, and normal birth weight [NBW] > 2500 g, n = 22) were compared regarding growth, health, and use of community-based services using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance. FINDINGS: VLBW and NBW groups had more ongoing health concerns. Growth patterns were similar in all groups. VLBW and NBW groups demonstrated greater use of community-based services, and service use increased at school age. CONCLUSIONS: Comprehensive systems are needed for follow-up of high-risk infants to detect and refer problems early. Neonatal histories must be tracked throughout childhood. Seriously ill term NBW infants are at risk for later morbidity and require follow-up similar to that provided for VLBW children.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed1993

Public Mental Health Services to Asian American Ethnic Groups in Two California Counties.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The purpose of this article is to examine the use of public mental health services among Chinese, Filipino, Southeast Asians, Japanese, and other Asian Americans. SEARCH METHODS USED: This article used two data sources from San Francisco City and County and Santa Clara County. By combining data from these two counties, the study had access to information on 3,095 adult Asian users of services. SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT FINDINGS: The study found differences among various Asian ethnic groups in their likelihood of using individual service modalities, but fewer statistically significant differences in the amount of use once services started. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS: Differences in the use of public mental health services were related to differences in the two counties' implementing services. KEY WORDS: Asian Americans, Public Mental Health Services, Utilization, Ethnic Differences

Journal Article↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Children on child protective service caseloads: prevalence and nature of serious emotional disturbance.

A multivariate, criterion-referenced approach was used to assess prevalence of serious emotional disturbance among children on protective service case loads. Of 140 recipients of protective services, 72% were statistically indistinguishable from children in Washington State's most intensive mental health treatment programs. School problems, substance abuse, and antisocial behaviors were common in the sample, as were family histories of mental illness or substance abuse. Greatest service needs included family support groups, outpatient treatment, school-based treatment, and diagnostic services. These results underline the importance of structural changes to facilitate cross-system collaboration between mental health and protective services.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1987

Laboratory performance and regulatory requirements.

We compared performance levels of four clinical laboratory groups defined by federal regulatory characteristics, to assess the appropriateness of selected regulations: laboratories in JCAH-accredited hospitals; non-doctoral-directed independent laboratories; state-regulated but federally exempt group-practice laboratories; and unregulated laboratories in physicians' offices (POLs). Federal regulations evaluated were those dealing with the doctoral directorship requirement and exemption of POLs from regulation. Quantitative analytes were compared by using linear regression on log-normal transformations of mean absolute-z scores of proficiency test results. The scope of services offered by laboratories was statistically related to performance in quantitative analytes. Confounding effects of scope-of-service levels were statistically controlled. Proportions of errors in qualitative analytes were compared. No pattern of statistically discernible differences in performance was found between hospital laboratories and non-doctoral-directed laboratories. Both regulated non-doctoral-directed laboratories and state-regulated but federally exempt group-practice laboratories demonstrated higher levels of performance than unregulated POLs.

Hospitals↗
PubMed2001

Social services referral of adolescent trauma patients admitted following alcohol-related injury.

Alcohol screening of severely injured patients should be universal. Hospitalization following alcohol-related injury provides an opportunity for intervention to reduce recidivism. This study examines the frequency of social services referral of an alcohol positive cohort of adolescent trauma patients. This was a retrospective analysis of data collected from 1994 through 1998 by the National Pediatric Trauma Registry. All patients between the ages of 12 and 17 who had a blood alcohol level (BAL) measured were analyzed. Patients receiving referral to the department of social services, family counseling, or addiction services, and those receiving any substance abuse education intervention were considered a positive referral. There were 6006 children age 12 to 17 included in the database during this five-year period, 751 of whom had a BAL measured. Of those screened, 15.5% were positive. Sixty-eight (59%) of the BAL positive patients were referred for intervention through social services. The only statistically significant predictor of referral was whether or not the patient was the operator of a vehicle involved in the motor vehicle collision. Nearly half of the adolescents in this study, who screened positive for alcohol, received no social services support.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1996

Finding the medically underserved: a need to revise the federal definition.

The relationship between the primary service area (PSA) of an urban community health center (CHC) program and a federally defined "medically underserved area" (MUA) was assessed. Federal guidelines that most reliably predicted medical underservice were identified. The service area was statistically defined by census tract penetration rates. The MUA was defined by an index of medical underservice (IMU) according to federal parameters of physician supply, poverty level, percentage elderly persons, and infant mortality. An index score was calculated for the country, service area, and each census tract. Analysis by tract determined the most significant discriminating parameters. By excluding two tracts concentrated with managed-care physicians, the service area qualified as an MUA. Tracts that fulfilled MUA and service area criteria were highly associated (p < 0.0001). Only poverty level and infant mortality were useful discriminating parameters. Federal indicators of demand (elderly population) and supply (physicians) did not adequately address issues to access for the medically underserved in urban neighborhoods. Other parameters that might serve as proxies of care access and underserved are discussed.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

[Trends in birth statistics in Europe].

Obstetrics services in Europe are dominated by a persistently low birth rate, the average number of children born to a woman in her lifetime now being 1,45 for the European Community in general. This low rate has persisted for the last 20 years. During the past 10 years, childlessness has been steadily increasing. Maternal age at first delivery has also increased. Obstetric departments are increasingly subject to market principles and the trend towards centralization, which has been developing for some years, will continue.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Measuring physician satisfaction with radiology services.

During 1991 the AHRA Statistical Resource Committee received requests from association members for guidance on aspects of radiology service delivery that risk losing business. With the assistance of interested members, the Committee developed a process for addressing this issue. This article discusses the rationale for surveying referring physicians and presents the results of a pilot physician satisfaction survey. Through review of the results of the pilot survey, the Committee believes that we can assist radiologists and radiology administrators in developing methods to improve total quality.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗