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PubMedDate not supplied

The impact of epilepsy on the adolescent adolescent.

Epilepsy is the most common serious neurologic condition affecting adolescents, coinciding with a time of dramatic change in growth, hormones, psychology, and social situations. Adolescents with epilepsy are sensitive to peer norms and beliefs and may limit disclosure of their chronic illness to feel less different or stigmatized. They may also explore the world of alcohol and recreational drugs, like others in their peer group, as well as experiment with their own medications. The goal of treatment should be maintenance of a normal lifestyle with complete seizure control, minimal adverse effects, and achievement of normal adolescent milestones. Adolescents with epilepsy have an increased incidence of depression because of the combination of the unpredictable nature of epilepsy, a perceived lack of control, uncontrollable adverse events, and negative perceptions of themselves. The purpose of this article is to summarize the physical, developmental, emotional, and cognitive effects of epilepsy on adolescents. By increasing the awareness of healthcare providers, interventions designed to prevent further negative consequences can be considered for adolescents with epilepsy.

Adaptation, Psychological↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The state of science: violence and HIV infection in women.

Violence and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are two critical public health problems affecting the lives of millions of women today. The purpose of this article is to review the state of science that exists in linking the phenomena of violence and HIV infection in women. The history and scope of violence and HIV infection is presented. Theoretical models for the phenomena of violence and abuse against women and HIV risk behavior reduction are explored. The literature review consists of 44 research articles that examine risk factors for violence and HIV, violence associated with HIV/AIDS disclosure, history of violence and HIV/AIDS, forced or coercive sex and HIV/AIDS, and violence associated with HIV self-protection conduct. Implications for nursing practice and nursing research are presented.

Criminal Psychology↗
PubMed2003

Trainee disclosure in psychotherapy supervision: the impact of shame.

Research indicates that psychotherapy trainees often withhold information from supervisors even though they are expected to be self-disclosing in the supervisory process. A contributing factor to this nondisclosure is trainee shame. By its very nature, psychotherapy supervision is an endeavor in which trainees are likely to experience feelings of self-doubt and shame. Because shame is an affect that often provokes a desire to hide oneself, it follows that supervisees experiencing more shame will be less likely to be forthcoming, especially about material that might be viewed negatively by their supervisors. The material most often withheld by trainees pertains to problems within the supervisory relationship. It appears that trainee shame and nondisclosure have the greatest impact upon the quality of the psychotherapy supervision itself, as opposed to the treatment being supervised. Four examples of supervisory dyads affected by trainee shame and nondisclosure are presented. Each case is examined in terms of what could have triggered the supervisee's shame, the consequences of the disrupted communications, and ways in which the situation might have been improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Coming out for lesbian women: its relation to anxiety, positive affectivity, self-esteem, and social support.

The present study investigated relations between lesbians' disclosure of their sexual orientation and psychological adjustment. The 499 participants responded to a questionnaire assessing level of self-disclosure, sources of social support, forms of socializing, self-description of sexual orientation, and length of self-identification as a lesbian. The more widely a woman disclosed her sexual orientation the less anxiety, more positive affectivity, and greater self-esteem she reported. Degree of disclosure to family, gay and lesbian friends, straight friends, and co-workers was related to overall level of social support, with those who more widely disclosed reporting greater levels of support. Participants who more widely disclosed their sexual orientation were less likely to engage in anonymous socializing, had a larger percentage of lesbian friends, and were more involved in the gay and lesbian community. Path analyses revealed a mediating effect of social reactions (both initial and current) on the relation between identity development and self-disclosure.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Treatment of childhood anxiety disorders: a preliminary comparison between cognitive-behavioral group therapy and a psychological placebo intervention.

The present study examined the efficacy of group cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders. Thirty high-anxious children (aged 9-12 years) were assigned to either (a) group CBT (n = 10), (b) a psychological placebo intervention (i.e., emotional disclosure [ED]; n = 10), or (c) a no-treatment control condition (n = 10). Therapy outcome measures (i.e., children's self-report of anxiety disorders symptoms, depression, and trait anxiety) were obtained three months before treatment, at pretreatment, and at posttreatment. Results showed that levels of psychopathological symptoms remained relatively stable during the three months preceding treatment. Most importantly, pretreatment-posttreatment comparisons indicated that CBT was superior to ED and the no-treatment control condition. That is, only in the CBT condition significant reductions of anxiety disorders symptoms, trait anxiety, and depression were observed. These findings can be taken as further evidence for the efficacy of CBT in the treatment of childhood anxiety disorders.

Anxiety Disorders↗
PubMed1994

Following new tax rules on charitable deductions.

The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993 established new rules governing individuals who make donations to charitable organizations and organizations that provide goods and services in return for charitable donations. Healthcare financial managers and fund-raising personnel need to become familiar with these rules so they can assure that donors of charitable contributions to their organizations will receive appropriate tax deductions and that the organizations themselves will not incur penalties for failing to make proper disclosures.

Accounting↗
PubMed1992

The establishment of individual and collective competency in children's groups as a prelude to entry into intimacy, disclosure, and bonding.

This article offers a theory about the evolution of small group systems through a series of stages. It discusses the relationship of these stages to and their effect on the self-other and therapeutic interventive spheres in the long-term group treatment of children. The developmental unfolding is seen as universal to small groups and as operating on an interpersonal and collective level, distinguishable from individual psyches and close dyadic bonds but influenced by them. On an isomorphic level the group stages contain emotive, cognitive, and interactive themes and processes that parallel and evoke those of the bonding and work processes. As such, the group dynamic provides an enabling matrix and a mirror for the other goings on in the member-therapist encounter. Its pacing and its progressions and regressions appear to correspond with those of the development of the transitional space and therapeutic culture of the group. Like the other articles in the symposium, this one offers specific examples in which the three spheres intersect and are integrated.

Child↗
PubMed1994

Psychosocial aspects of donor insemination. Sperm donors--their motivations and attitudes to artificial insemination.

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To examine sperm donors' motivations and emotional reactions to the role of donors and to measure their willingness to provide information about themselves to recipients and offspring. DESIGN: A prospective trial in which the 26 subjects who were actively functioning as sperm donors in our fertility clinic at the time of investigation were asked to fill in a questionnaire and return it anonymously and voluntarily. MAIN RESULTS: 8% of the donors stated purely altruistic motivation, 32% purely financial and 60% a combination of both. The acceptance rate for providing non-identifying, phenotypic, descriptive information to recipients is 76%, for providing medical information it is 60% and the provision of psychosocial information is accepted by 28% to 40%, depending on the item. 20% of donors are willing to continue donation if the present rules of anonymity are revoked. CONCLUSIONS: Most donors do not seem to feel any close relationship to donor offspring and at least 60% found anonymity to be essential for their further functioning as donors.

Adult↗