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PubMed1996

Anesthesia blocks of the lower extremity. Comparing the Biojector with needle and syringe.

Podiatric surgical procedures frequently involve administration of preoperative local anesthesia, and because of the nature of these blocks, it is believed that needle-free injection could greatly enhance this aspect of clinical practice. The object of the study was to determine if needle-free injections with the Biojector were equivalent to needle and syringe injections for ankle, Mayo, neuroma, hallux, and digital anesthetic blocks. The results indicate that needle-free injection with the Biojector is equal to needle and syringe for some anesthesia blocks. More research in this area is needed to determine if technique with the Biojector has an impact on time of anesthesia onset or on level of discomfort and ecchymosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Choosing the correct materials for medical syringes.

The choice of the correct material for medical syringes is determined by the requirements demanded by users and manufacturers. New advances are making it easier to meet these requirements and leading to higher quality products with increased reliability. In this article, the author looks at the requirements of a good medical syringe and discusses the latest developments in polyolefins. Recent improvements are illustrated in a comparative study of glass, and polypropylene and polyethylene.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1984

Noncutting methods of needle and syringe disposal.

The time required of nurses to cut needles and syringes, the costs of boxes used to cut needles and store used syringes, as well as some of the costs related to treating needlesticks are discussed. A new method of utilizing a large box (3 X 13 X 31 inches) in a medication cart is described. The box is made of one-quarter inch cardboard and waxed. It is replaced daily and incinerated. The system is time-saving, economical, and should reduce the number of needlesticks.

Equipment and Supplies, Hospital↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Cost of tetanus toxoid injection using a jet-injector (Imule) in collective immunization in Senegal: comparison with injection using a syringe and resterilizable needle].

Needle-less jet injectors were developed by the US army after World War II. Their principal use, however, has been in the administration of lyophilized vaccines from multidose vials to at-risk populations in developing countries. In 1983, a hepatitis B epidemic occurred among customers of a beauty clinic in California (USA) following the use of jet-injectors, demonstrating a clear risk of cross-contamination associated with this technique. As a result, the WHO and Unicef stopped recommending jet-injectors for collective immunizations in developing countries. To eliminate the risk of contamination, Pasteur Mérieux Sérums et Vaccins (now Aventis Pasteur) developed, in 1990, jet-injectors for use with single-use vaccine cartridges. These injectors were tested for tetanus toxoid, DTP, influenza, hepatitis A and typhoid Vi vaccination. The immunogenic reaction was as strong and the injection as well tolerated as for injections using a standard needle and syringe. The additional cost of the Imule technique was evaluated in a district-wide (127,000 inhabitants) tetanus toxoid immunization program at Velingara, Senegal in 1993. The total cost was estimated to be 1.51 FF (76 F CSA, 0.32 US dollars) for one dose of tetanus vaccine given by needle and syringe and 2.41 FF (121 F CSA, 0.56 US dollars) for one dose given by Imule. Thus, the additional cost of injection by ImuleTM was 0.90 FF (45 F CSA, 0.21 US dollars). The cost of cross infection in sub-Saharan Africa has been estimated to be 2.37 FF (118 F CSA, 0.55 US dollars) per injection if injection practices are not supervised. Therefore, the Imule technique may be considered to be cost-effective. However, the technique is still not completely reliable, as shown by the total breakdown of four jet injectors during this vaccination session. Lyophilized vaccines have also not been tested in the field. Vaccinators prefer Imule, training is easy and immunization can be carried out on a day-to-day basis with no vaccine wastage. Imule is not yet in mass production, which would reduce costs. In the face of the ever-increasing risk of cross-contamination during vaccination sessions in sub-Saharan Africa, the Imule technique deserves considerable attention.

Cost-Benefit Analysis↗

PubMed2000

Percutaneous vertebroplasty: a special syringe for cement injection.

Percutaneous vertebroplasty is an effective treatment for many focal vertebral lesions. Methyl methacrylate is too viscous to be handled without difficulty in the conventional way because injection time is short. The operator is left with little time and must fumble with multiple syringes. We describe a special screw-system syringe that decreases the effort needed to inject the cement. In addition, it can standardize the injection pressures and control the injected volume because the threaded plunger affords greater control of injection pressure and volume delivered than does the conventional method.

Adult↗

PubMed1976

[Intraligamentary anesthesia with the "Peripress" syringe].

The authors have been using for some time the intraligamentary anaesthesia with the Peripress syringe in their own practices. They consider this syringe as an instrument for efficient and rational working and as an improvement of the local anaesthesia techniques. After specifying the instruments they describe in all detail the injection technique which allows all current work on teeth like extractions, cavity preparation and stumps for crowns, endodontic treatments requiring anaesthesia, all this without loss of waiting time. The intraligamentary anaesthesia does not cause any secondary troubles if carefully applied. It causes very little pain if at all. It allows to start dental work immediately after infiltration and avoids block anaesthesia for current dental work. Patients are favourable to the method. They prefer this type of anaesthesia.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Syringe exchanges: a public health response to problem drug use.

This paper presents the findings of the first ever Irish follow-up study to establish the effectiveness of syringe exchanges as a harm reduction strategy in the context of public health. The study was conducted in collaboration with 370 injecting drug users who attended the Merchant's Quay Project's Health Promotion Unit between May 1st 1997 and October 31st 1998. Data was collected from respondents by means of a structured interview at first visit and three-months after initial contact. Evidence from the study demonstrates that syringe exchanges play an important contributing role in significantly reducing the numbers reporting both the use of heroin as a primary drug (n=41; McNemar x2=10.1;p<0.01), and its frequency of use (n=70; McNemar x2=4.13;p<0.05) at follow-up. Moreover, there were significant reductions in the reported borrowing (n=60; McNemar x2=10.1;p<0.01) and lending (n=42: McNemar x2=7.9;p<0.01) of used injecting equipment. There was however no significant change in the reported sharing of injecting paraphernalia or in levels of reported condom use. The results of this study illustrate that low threshold services such as the Health Promotion Unit have the ability to attract injecting drug users not in contact with other drug treatment services. Furthermore, this type of service has been shown to be effective in maintaining contact with injecting drug users and promoting safer drug use among attendees. Even though the distribution of sterile injecting equipment reduces the situational sharing, this is hampered by the limited availability of sterile injecting equipment in Dublin. There is a need to continue to develop strategies to prevent HIV and hepatitis C transmission. One such approach would be to develop effective outreach as a means of reaching greater numbers of drug users earlier in their injecting histories. Other areas for future HIV and HCV prevention include discouraging the transition from smoking to injecting, and among those who inject, encouraging further reductions in sharing, sustaining risk reduction over time, and encouraging the adoption of safer sexual behaviour.

HIV Infections↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Pain perception and utility: a comparison of the syringe and computerized local injection techniques.

Thirty patients received maxillary infiltration and mandibular inferior alveolar nerve block injections with both a traditional syringe and a computerized system, the Wand. Patients noted their preference for either system and rated their injection pain and postoperative discomfort on a ten-point scale for each type of injection. Mean injection discomfort ratings with the Wand were lower than with the syringe but were not statistically significant. Reduced postoperative discomfort using the Wand for the inferior alveolar nerve block was significant. Both of the dentists in the study and those patients who stated a preference favored the Wand system.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Stability of dilute solutions of ganciclovir sodium (Cymevan) in polypropylene syringes and PVC perfusion bags].

The stability of ganciclovir sodium solutions stored in polypropylene syringes and PVC bags was tested in 0.9% sodium chloride at three concentrations 70, 200 and 350 mg/50 ml for polypropylene syringes, and two concentrations (70 and 350 mg/250 ml) for PVC bags and at three temperatures (-20 degrees C, + 4 degrees C, room temperature). The solutions, which had been initially frozen, were thawed by exposure to microwave radiations. The stability of each sample was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. The results of this study indicate that admixtures of ganciclovir sodium at the concentration rates tested can be frozen for at least one year and are stable for at least 80 days at + 4 degrees C and 7 days at room temperature.

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid↗

PubMedDate not supplied

The assessment of pain sensation during local anesthesia using a computerized local anesthesia (Wand) and a conventional syringe.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the behavior reaction of children who received local anesthesia with a conventional syringe injection and a computerized device (Wand). METHODS: One hundred and two children ages 3 to 10 years were selected for this study. In 1 group there were 55 children between the ages of 3 to 5 years old, and in the other group there were 47 children ages 6 to 10 years old. They all needed at least 2 clinical sessions of operative procedures, preceded by a local anesthetic injection, 1 on either side of the same jaw. The local anesthesia was delivered using either the Wand or the traditional syringe. A random crossover design was used so that each child served as his/her own control. RESULTS: There were 25 girls and 30 boys in group A (mean 4.1 +/- 0.6 years), and 26 boys and 21 girls in group B (mean 7.2 +/- 1.3 years). Most of the children had a good reaction to both techniques of local anesthesia. No significant difference in either group was found between boys and girls. The children's reactions to injection in the mandible or the maxilla with the Wand or the conventional technique, regarding crying, facial expression, hands, legs and torso movements were similar with no statistically significant difference. There was no statistical difference when the maxillary infiltration was delivered to 1 or multiple teeth. No significant difference was found when the Wand was delivered during the first or second visit. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggested there was no difference in the pain behavior of children during the administration of local anesthesia with a conventional injection or a computerized device when the operator was an experienced pediatric dentist. This was true for maxillary infiltration and mandibular block. For other techniques, such as palatal injection and periodontal ligament injection, more studies should be conducted.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMed2006

[Changes in the insulin application sites and in the syringes reutilized by diabetic patients].

A bibliographic research was carried out in the databases of LILACS, MEDLINE, SciELO and PubMed from 1978 to 2005 with the objective of identifying researches related to complications in the insulin application sites and in the discarded syringes reutilized by diabetic patients. The boolean expression "and" has been utilized in order to filter and to refine the descriptive and experimental works and the bibliographic revisions. The studies have been selected according to changes in the insulin application sites and in the discarded syringes that have been reutilized. The researches findings have been organized in a table according to the country of origin and to the type of study. 46,3% of the researches corresponded to data from the United States, 19,5% from England and 17% from Brazil.

Diabetes Mellitus↗

PubMed1991

HIV prevention among injecting drug users: three years of experience from a syringe exchange program in Sweden.

Exchange of syringes and needles has for the last 3 years been offered to injecting drug users as part of an HIV prevention project in a small university town in south Sweden. The program at the local hospital has been visited by 979 drug users, of which 182 have participated on a more regular basis. The typical participant is a 30-year-old male who has injected amphetamine or heroin for at least 10 years. The seroprevalence for HIV among drug users in south Sweden has been maintained at approximately 1% in contrast to up to 60% in subpopulations from other Scandinavian regions with a comparable drug problem. No project participant has become HIV infected during the study period and a reduction in risk behavior has been noted among local drug injectors. The HIV prevention project has attracted many individuals with no previous contact with drug rehabilitation programs; for a number of drug users, the syringe exchange has served as an introduction to such treatment efforts.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The metabolic and psychological assessment of 40 adolescents with type-1 diabetes during 6 months of intensified insulin therapy using the pen injector or the traditional syringe].

Metabolic control and psychological parameters in forty insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents were evaluated during a sequential crossover study comparing two insulin regimens: a) 6 months of conventional insulin therapy (CIT) (T0-T1) using twice-daily mixture of short-acting and intermediate-acting insulins (AcHM and MoHM); b) 6 months of intensified insulin therapy (IIT) (T1-T2) using two pre-meal injections of short-acting insulin (AcHM) and one pre-dinner mixture of short-acting plus ultralente-acting insulin (AcHM + UtHM). Twenty patients received the pre-meal short-acting insulin with a pen-injector (group A) and twenty with conventional syringes (group B). All of participant received the pre-dinner insulin mixture with traditional syringes. Fasting blood glucose (BG), fructosamine, HbA1c, anxiety, depression levels and patient daily life adjustment (T1, T2) were investigated. The metabolic parameters showed similar results in both groups. There was no fasting BG variation during IIT, while post-meal (lunch and dinner) BG reduction (p less than 0.01) was observed. HbA1c levels didn't decrease but fructosamine levels significantly decreased at T2 time. Severe hypoglycemia where never observed, while the frequency of slight hypoglycaemic reactions didn't change during the study. The psychological parameters showed no differences at T0 and T1, while the differences became remarkable between the groups at T2 time. Home anxiety slightly decreased in group A and increased in group B (p less than 0.05). In group A an improvement of self-care initiative (self-injections) occurred too. In conclusion this study showed that, in a limited group of insulin-dependent diabetic adolescents, IIT with three daily injections improved fructosamine and post-meal BG levels.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Personal view of the use of disposable syringes for analgesia in dentistry].

After a synthetis of the main infectious illness transmittable through the oral cavity, the authors describe the experimental use of a new disposable syringe in dentistry. On the basis of a total of 160 local injections for dental interventions, the authors can say that this instrument allows to operate with a maximum of safety for the absolute absence of a direct infection, also by the simple salivary mean, between patients. More advantage come from the risk drop of needle puncture for the dentist and the assistants and for the automatic autoaspiration the syringe is provided which.

Anesthesia, Dental↗

PubMed1990

[Application of fluoride varnish Duraphat with a cotton carrier respectively a syringe for cartridges--a comparison study].

A study for comparing two methods of Duraphat application in children of the 1st and 6st grade was carried out to examine material allowed, expenditure of time, handling of the instruments and hygienic aspects. There was established, that application with syringe for cartridges and bended tubule was better than the application with cotton carrier, concerning both the duration of application and economical aspects of the material allowed. Therefor the use of syringe for cartridges for the application of Duraphat in collective and individual caries prevention is recommended.

Child↗

PubMed1989

Stability of azacitidine in lactated Ringer's injection frozen in polypropylene syringes.

The stability of azacitidine diluted in lactated Ringer's injection was studied. Azacitidine was reconstituted with ice-cold lactated Ringer's injection to concentrations of 2.0 and 0.5 mg/mL and stored in polypropylene syringes at -20 degrees C. On days 1, 3, 7, and 14, the solutions were thawed over 30-45 minutes and the azacitidine concentration was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography immediately after thawing and one, three, and six hours later. Other studies were conducted at 37, 20, and 0-4 degrees C to determine decomposition rate constants for azacitidine at both concentrations. Hydrolysis of azacitidine resulted in a biphasic decline when the log of the percentage of drug remaining was plotted against time. No substantial decomposition occurred during storage at -20 degrees C. In thawed samples, azacitidine concentrations decreased to 90% of the initial concentrations within three hours after reaching room temperature; similar decreases in concentration were seen in nonfrozen samples stored at room temperature. The results of these studies indicate that azacitidine solutions in lactated Ringer's injection can be stored in polypropylene syringes at -20 degrees C for two weeks without decomposition. The thawed solutions should be used within three hours.

Azacitidine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Syringing as a method of cell dispersal. I. Effect on intermediate and superficial squamous cells.

Mechanical shear in the form of syringing was applied to human gynecologic cytology specimens in an effort to disperse cell clumps. The percentage of single squamous cells achieved with the optimum conditions is generally 70 to 100 per cent. Syringing with a constant pressure device produces a high yield of single squamous cells without the concurrent high cell loss as often observed using enzymatic or chemical procedures. Data presented demonstrate that the slide preparation and clump evaluation procedures used for this study yield reliable and reproducible data. Studies varying stroke number and plunger pressure were completed and conditions for maximum dispersal were established.

Cell Separation↗

PubMed1988

Preventing the spread of HIV in injecting drug users--the experience of syringe-exchange schemes in England and Scotland.

In 1987 the UK government launched experimental schemes for distributing injecting equipment to injecting drug users in order to help prevent the spread of Human Immunodeficiency Virus. This paper reports on the first few months of the schemes, and provides some initial evidence of changes in clients' risk behaviours. The schemes have been reasonably successful in attracting clients, but are less successful in retaining them. Schemes have demonstrated that equipment can be distributed to clients on an exchange basis. Schemes have reached new groups of clients, including many without previous or current treatment contact or other help for their drug problems. The baseline assessment of clients found that most had accurate knowledge of the risk of infection from sharing injecting equipment. Most thought that they were at low risk of infection. Syringe sharing in the last four weeks was reported by 36%. A minority engaged in multiple sharing. Most clients were sexually active and many had partners who did not inject drugs. The main reason for attendance was worry about AIDS, and a majority of clients reported that they had already made changes in their injecting practices because of AIDS. Some reported changes in sexual behaviour. A sample of clients followed-up at 2-4 months indicates a reduction in syringe sharing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗