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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Changes of blood pressure and cerebral arterio-venous oxygen content differences (AVDO2) with and without bupivacaine scalp infiltration during craniotomy.

In 20 patients subjected to craniotomy for supratentorial cerebral tumours, the effect of scalp infiltration with bupivacaine before incision was evaluated by measuring mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) and cerebral arterio-venous oxygen content differences (AVDO2) repeatedly during the operation. All patients were given halothane 0.5% anaesthesia. Ten patients were given bupivacaine 0.25% and ten patients were given normal saline for scalp infiltration prior to incision. The study was performed in a double-blind randomized fashion. Significantly higher values of MABP (P less than 0.0005) after incision were found in the saline group compared to the bupivacaine group. Significantly lower values of AVDO2 (P less than 0.0005) after incision were seen in the saline group compared to the bupivacaine group. The results indicate that the increase in MABP associated with a decrease in AVDO2, suggesting an increase in CBF and cerebral hyperperfusion, is reduced by using bupivacaine scalp infiltration prior to incision.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Meningeal hamartoma of the scalp. A variant of primary cutaneous meningioma.

A case of meningeal hamartoma of the scalp is reported. A 15-year-old girl was admitted complaining of scalp nodules in the midline occipital region. A midline skull defect was found under the nodular lesions. Histologically, the mass had a fibrocollagenous tract extending to the dura and showed an admixture of mature adipose tissue, small vessels, strands of fibrocollagenous tissue, and scattered foci of meningocytes. Immunohistochemically, the meningocytes desmosomes, interdigitating processes, and intermediate filaments. The patient's brother also had the meningeal hamartoma of the scalp. Meningeal hamartoma as a variant of primary cutaneous meningioma is extremely rare, and this is the first report of such a case in Japan.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Age-related changes in scalp topography to novel and target stimuli.

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from young, middle-aged, and older adults to infrequent target and novel stimuli during a version of the oddball paradigm. Analyses of scalp distribution suggested that the shift to a more frontally oriented topography with increasing age was confined to the P3 component (as compared to N1 and P2) elicited by both target and novel stimuli. This first demonstration of an age-related shift in the scalp distribution of the novelty P3 elicited by auditory stimuli was associated with an age-related increase in the false-alarm rate to novel stimuli. These age-associated differences in scalp distribution and false-alarm rate are consistent with a change in frontal lobe activity with increasing age.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1992

Fetal scalp and umbilical artery blood lactate measured with a new test strip method.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the measurement of lactate in fetal scalp and umbilical artery blood by a new dry reagent strip method with a commercially available enzymatic method using plasma (Monotest). DESIGN: Comparative study. SUBJECTS: Fetal scalp blood samples were obtained during labour from 24 fetuses and umbilical artery blood samples were obtained at birth in a further 51 deliveries. RESULTS: The concentration of lactate in scalp and umbilical artery blood measured by the reagent strip method correlated well (r = 0.94, P less than 0.001 and 0.95, P less than 0.001 respectively) with the enzymatic plasma method. The paper strip method tended to give lower readings than the enzymatic method when the fetal haematocrit was greater than or equal to 50%. CONCLUSIONS: The new dry reagent strip method which takes only 1 min to carry out and requires only 20 microliters of blood seems to be handy and reliable. This system provides a convenient and rapid test for measuring fetal blood lactate.

Evaluation Studies as Topic↗
PubMed1993

A nonpenetrating fetal scalp electrode.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a nonpenetrating scalp electrode for intrapartum fetal monitoring. DESIGN: Preliminary observational evaluation of the device. SETTING: An urban academic hospital in Johannesburg, South Africa. SUBJECTS: Fifteen women in labour. INTERVENTION: Application of the electrode for intrapartum monitoring. OUTCOME MEASURES: Quality of tracings, duration of application, disconnection of the electrode, marking of the scalp. RESULTS: Application was successful in 13 of 15 women, and high quality tracings obtained in 12. CONCLUSIONS: The design of scalp electrode tested is effective and produces high quality tracings in most cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Alopecia reduction by scalp expansion.

Areas of alopecia may be eliminated by scalp expanders. This is accomplished by subgaleal placement of soft tissue expanders under normal scalp adjacent to defect. Subsequent inflation and advancement of the expanded scalp resurfaces the defect with an excellent aesthetic result.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1985

Facial and scalp lipomas: case reports and study of prevalence.

Lipomas of the face and scalp are reportedly rare, comprising less than 2% of lipomas. Three such cases have recently been diagnosed in our clinic. Among 110 lipomas in our files, a total of 16 (14.5%) involved the face and scalp. The clinician rarely considered lipoma as the primary preoperative diagnosis. Often mistaken clinically for epidermal cysts, face and scalp lipomas appear more common than the literature would indicate.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Scalp flaps.

The particular anatomy of the scalp largely dictates utilization of its parts and adjacent attached integument for reconstructive purposes. Unusually large movements of scalp skin are generally required with a variety of basic techniques and ancillary procedures. Rotation flaps are considered the prime "work-horses" for scalp flap reconstructions. Anatomic factors will be interspersed with clinical applications, and a series of photographs and commentary will highlight these considerations.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

The paramedian scalp reduction with posterior Z-plasty. A technique to minimize the "slot" defect.

BACKGROUND: One consistent and undesired sequela resulting from scalp reductions has been the "slot" or "trough" defect, referring to the scar following the final reduction. Attempts to correct this have not been entirely satisfactory. OBJECTIVE: To present an approach to minimize the "slot" defect that consists of staged modified paramedian scalp reductions combined with a large posterior Z-plasty during the final reduction. METHODS: A paramedian crescent-shaped ellipse was marked onto the patient's scalp parallel and adjacent to the existing fringe hair. Subsequent reductions were performed in a similar manner approximately 2 months apart. The final reduction consisted of mobilization and transposition of the large flaps used in the posterior Z-plasty. RESULTS: Patients who underwent the staged modified paramedian reductions combined with a posterior Z-plasty had significant minimization and adequate camouflage of the undesirable "slot." CONCLUSION: Combining a large posterior Z-plasty with a paramedian reduction minimizes the slot defect.

Alopecia↗
PubMed1995

Extensive head burns corrected by scalp extension.

BACKGROUND: Scalp extension has been revealed as a good corrective method for androgenetic alopecia and it is possible to foresee its other probable applications in the field of increasing hair-bearing areas. OBJECTIVE: The performance of Frechet's scalp extender in selected head burn cases allows the possibility of maintaining a high degree of social presentability during the patient's entire treatment period, on condition that this procedure or others are repeated. METHODS: The author discusses his experience in correcting an extensive head burn and the performance of Frechet's extender. CONCLUSION: In our experience scalp extension showed itself to be a valid method for the correction of a burned area, reducing it considerably and reducing total treatment time compared with traditional techniques. Also the patient has the advantage of normal social presentability during the entire treatment period.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Aplasia cutis congenita of the scalp. Report of 16 cases.

BACKGROUND: Aplasia cutis congenita (CCA) is a rare developmental anomaly. Its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear. There are several hypotheses as to the influence of genetic and external factors on the fetus. Terminology of this anomaly is still a subject of discussion. OBJECTIVES: This paper describes 16 patients with CCA of the scalp, ranging in age from 3 to 15 years, observed over the period of 15 years. Among them, girls prevailed 9:7. CCA was more common on the vertex rather then in the temporal region 13:3. In one girl multiple malformations were observed. METHODS: Location, shape, and size of the lesion determined as CCA were analyzed. Detailed history was taken and cytogenetic examination was performed to reveal etiopathogenetic factors. Treatment consisted of excision of the lesion and reconstruction of the scalp with neighboring skin flaps. The excised lesion underwent histologic examination. RESULTS: No etiopathogenetic factors were found. Histopathologic examinations indicate that the observed congenital scalp anomalies resemble a scar. Surgical treatment produced good cosmetic results. CONCLUSIONS: Literature on CCA will facilitate physicians to make the right diagnosis. Further accumulation of detailed descriptions on CCA patients may contribute to recognition of etiopathogenesis of this anomaly.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

Aggressive squamous carcinomas of the scalp.

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp sometimes exhibit unusually aggressive behavior. OBJECTIVE: To describe a series of 11 cases of extraordinarily aggressive squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp. METHODS: These cases were selected based on a number of criteria including their tendency to recur after Mohs surgery, their propensity to develop satellite lesions, their tendency to invade bone, and their tendency to metastasize to regional nodes and systemically. A chart review was performed for each patient. RESULTS: Five of 11 patients have succumbed to their disease. Of note is that the patients all had significant long-standing alopecia or thinning of their hair with marked actinic damage. Initial biopsies of the tumors revealed them to be either moderate or well-differentiated. Four of 11 patients developed satellite lesions and experienced recurrences despite obtaining clear margins with Mohs micrographic surgery. CONCLUSION: Squamous cell carcinomas of the scalp may metastasize and cause death. Thus, early diagnosis and treatment of these neoplasms is mandatory. In the setting of satellitosis, it is believed that it is best to perform a wide excision with margin control followed by split-thickness grafting and postoperative irradiation. The employment of radiation therapy, however, should be done with appropriate caution owing to the significant risk of osteoradionecrosis.

Biopsy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cellular blue nevus of the scalp infiltrating the underlying bone: case report and review.

Cellular blue nevi (CBN) are benign tumors of the skin derived from dermal melanocytes histologically characterized by increased cellularity and often by a dual cell population of nevoid cells. CBN rarely tend to invade the underlying tissues. Only six cases of CBN of the scalp invading the skull have been reported. A new case of a CBN infiltrating the underlying bone is presented. The patient, a 23-year-old woman, had a large hairless area on her right parietal scalp, present since the early months of life. Her past medical history included, on the same site, the presence, at birth, of a raised, dark, soft and hairless mass that was subsequently electrodesiccated. Radiographs of the skull showed an area of osteolysis underlying the cutaneous lesion. Histologic examination of a biopsy specimen revealed a CBN of the scalp infiltrating the underlying bone. Surgical resection of the entire lesion was planned. There were no other anomalies or malignancies. The patient is currently being followed in our clinic.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Familial nonmembranous aplasia cutis of the scalp.

Aplasia cutis of the scalp is often a sporadic condition, but familial occurrences with an autosomal dominant inheritance have been documented. Aplasia cutis of the scalp may be seen in two main clinical variants: oval-shaped membranous aplasia cutis and irregular, larger defects. We report six families in whom more than one member has aplasia cutis of the scalp, all of them with large irregular defects located over the vertex or anterior to the vertex along the sagittal suture. We review previous reports of this entity with clinical pictures and note that in most instances, the defects are of the nonmembranous variant.

Ectodermal Dysplasia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Lipedematous scalp in a child.

A nine year old Maori girl was noted to have a spongy consistency to her posterior scalp. The overlying skin appeared normal, as was hair growth in that area. The abnormal findings became more extensive over the subsequent year. A computerized tomography scan showed diffuse thickening of subcutaneous tissues posteriorly on the scalp. A skin biopsy specimen showed a normal epidermis with a thick layer of mature subcutaneous fat and some disruption of the subcutaneous architecture. The clinical features and investigations were consistent with a diagnosis of lipedematous scalp, which has been described predominantly in adult women and is usually associated with alopecia. This condition has not been reported previously in the pediatric literature.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1993

Quantitative study of the human hair follicle in normal scalp and androgenetic alopecia.

We carried out a quantitative study of the matrix and dermal papilla of the human hair follicle of the scalp, both normal and in various degrees of androgenetic alopecia. A stereological study showed the measured parameters to decrease with increase in the degree of alopecia, particularly as regards the total volume of the matrix and its papilla. The ratio of the two volumes increased by 30%, indicating a much more marked decrease in size of the papilla than in the matrix size. The number of cell nuclei in the matrix and the papilla of alopecic scalp was found to be 30% and 50% smaller, respectively, than those of normal scalp. Finally, a morphometric study revealed enlarged nuclei in the matrix and papilla, as shown by their increased areas, perimeters, and maximal diameters.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

Folliculotropic mycosis fungoides with large-cell transformation presenting as dissecting cellulitis of the scalp.

Follicular mycosis fungoides (MF) is a rare variant of cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL) in which malignant lymphocytes preferentially infiltrate hair follicles. This report describes a patient with follicular mycosis fungoides presenting in a manner similar to dissecting cellulitis of the scalp with nonhealing, draining nodular lesions. Follicular mucinosis associated with folliculotropic mycosis fungoides resulted in follicular disruption and deep dissecting cellulitis. Large-cell transformation of CTCL was present in the initial diagnostic scalp and axillary lymph node specimens. The patient died from progressive CTCL 9 months following initial diagnosis despite electron beam radiation, topical mechlorethamine, interferon-alpha, and systemic chemotherapy. This case indicates that large-cell transformation of folliculotropic mycosis fungoides is an aggressive form of CTCL, and that folliculotropic mycosis fungoides can give rise to lesions which resemble dissecting cellulitis of the scalp. Upregulation of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on follicular epithelium adjacent to lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1)-positive folliculotropic lymphoma cells in this report provides insight into lymphocyte homing mechanisms in folliculotropic MF.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Effective treatment of scalp psoriasis using the excimer (308 nm) laser.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis of the scalp can be a major therapeutic challenge as response to topical medication is often inadequate. The excimer laser has potential for providing local phototherapy as its high irradiance makes treatment at this site a practical option. OBJECTIVES: To analyze retrospectively results of treating scalp psoriasis with the excimer (308 nm) laser. METHODS: Thirty-five patients were treated and all had failed intensive topical therapy. Manual separation of hair was used to provide access to the treatment site. Starting doses ranged from 300 mJ/cm(2) (type I) to 1000 mJ/cm(2) (type IV) with treatment twice weekly. RESULTS: All patients improved. Seventeen/35 (49%) of patients cleared>95% (mean: 21 treatments; range: 6-52) and 16/35 (45%) cleared 50-95%. Phototoxicity in the form of erythema and blistering occurred in all patients, particularly around the ears and nape of neck. CONCLUSION: The excimer laser is a successful approach to treatment of psoriasis of the scalp being a simple treatment that can be performed in a short period of time and which has a high rate of effectiveness.

Adolescent↗