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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2006

Effects of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) gene on milk production traits in Holstein dairy cattle.

A functional candidate gene approach was used to search for genes affecting milk production traits in Holstein dairy cattle. Signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) was chosen because of its involvement in the development of the mammary gland. Using the pooled genomic DNA sequencing approach, we identified a single nucleotide polymorphism. Genomic DNA was extracted from 1,292 sons obtained from the Cooperative Dairy DNA Repository and from 715 blood samples of daughters of 12 bulls obtained from the University of Wisconsin resource population. Daughter yield deviation data for the sons and yield deviation for the daughters were obtained for milk production traits from the USDA Animal Improvement Programs Laboratory. For the Repository population, allele C was associated with significant increases in milk fat and protein percentages. For the University of Wisconsin population, genotypes CC and CT were associated with significant increases in milk, fat, and protein yields. Results from this study are consistent with previous studies on the role of STAT1 in regulating the transcription of genes involved in milk protein synthesis and fat metabolism.

3' Untranslated Regions↗
PubMed2005

A simple, focused, computerized query to detect overutilization of laboratory tests.

CONTEXT: Although there is nearly universal agreement that laboratory tests are overutilized, the degree of overutilization in a given institution is difficult to quantify and monitor across time. OBJECTIVE: To detect and clearly document repetitive daily ordering of a commonly ordered laboratory test (serum sodium) by employing a simple, focused, computerized query of a test result database followed by chart review and validation. DESIGN: A retrospective computerized query of our clinical data repository was performed to find inpatients who displayed normal serum sodium test results on 4 or more consecutive days, without any abnormal values during the same admission. The search was limited to a 1-month period. A subset of these patients was selected for chart review. RESULTS: One hundred sixteen patients met our criteria, and the tests ordered for those patients comprised 5.1% of the monthly volume of serum sodium tests ordered in our institution. Chart review revealed a consistent lack of documentation of medical necessity for repeat testing as well as persistence of repeat serum sodium orders until the end of the patients' hospital course. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that a focused query of data derived from a clinical data repository can detect and document overutilization of a common laboratory test in a convincing fashion within a given institution.

Clinical Laboratory Techniques↗
PubMed1994

Methodist's migration path to the future.

As a result of work through the Care Data consortium in cooperation with Iowa Methodist and University of Chicago Hospitals, Methodist has implemented: an open systems integration strategy, a clinical repository, and clinician-centric access and distribution of information. The Care Data consortium gave rise to a new breed of automation that meets the needs of both ends of the clinical automation spectrum: migrating an integrated, single-vendor solution to an open systems integrated repository to users of a distributed, best-of-breed approach.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed1997

Save medical personnel's time by improved user interfaces.

Common objectives in the industrial countries are the improvement of quality of care, clinical effectiveness, and cost control. Cost control, in particular, has been addressed through the introduction of case mix systems for reimbursement by social-security institutions. More data is required to enable quality improvement, increases in clinical effectiveness and for juridical reasons. At first glance, this documentation effort is contradictory to cost reduction. However, integrated services for resource management based on better documentation should help to reduce costs. The clerical effort for documentation should be decreased by providing a co-operative working environment for healthcare professionals applying sophisticated human-computer interface technology. Additional services, e.g., automatic report generation, increase the efficiency of healthcare personnel. Modelling the medical work flow forms an essential prerequisite for integrated resource management services and for co-operative user interfaces. A user interface aware of the work flow provides intelligent assistance by offering the appropriate tools at the right moment. Nowadays there is a trend to client/server systems with relational databases or object-oriented databases as repository. The work flows used for controlling purposes and to steer the user interfaces must be represented in the repository.

Cost Control↗
PubMed1998

Implementing enterprisewide databases: a challenge that can be overcome.

The evolving health care industry is placing new demands on its participants. Traditional institutional boundaries are being replaced by the need to cooperate, collaborate, and share increasingly scarce resources to provide high-quality care to patients. Information, which historically was coveted and protected, must now be shared by the multiple providers and organizations that together provide services. This need to share information has brought on the need for organizations to build common databases from which reports can be run, trends can be noted, and patient information can be drawn. Data warehouses and clinical data repositories are being recognized as solutions to issues of segregation of information. Both solutions are relatively new to health care, and there is acknowledgment that neither is simple to implement and that both represent new challenges to health care organizations. The article provides working definitions of the two solutions, describes at a high level some of the challenges associated with their implementation, and provides some of the key steps required to develop, implement, and realize the benefits of the clinical data repository or data warehouse.

Computer User Training↗
PubMed1998

The development of digital library system for drug research information.

The sophistication of computer technology and information transmission on internet has made various cyber information repository available to information consumers. In the era of information super-highway, the digital library which can be accessed from remote sites at any time is considered the prototype of information repository. Using object-oriented DBMS, the very first model of digital library for pharmaceutical researchers and related professionals in Korea has been developed. The published research papers and researchers' personal information was included in the database. For database with research papers, 13 domestic journals were abstracted and scanned for full-text image files which can be viewed by Internet web browsers. The database with researchers' personal information was also developed and interlinked to the database with research papers. These database will be continuously updated and will be combined with world-wide information as the unique digital library in the field of pharmacy.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microarray-based expression profiling in prostate tumors.

High throughput gene expression profiling is increasingly becoming a desirable method for identifying genes differentially expressed in disease versus normal tissues. Microarrays and gene chips containing hundreds to thousands of genes of interest, both known and novel, can be used to establish the expression profile of numerous genes in a single experiment. In order to validate the hits emerging out of such an experiment it is necessary to use an appropriate panel of the cDNA repository. We investigated the usefulness of such a method to identify prostate cancer-specific genes. A microarray containing 588 known genes was analyzed using cDNA probes derived from normal and three independent prostate tumors. At least 19/588 genes were found to be differentially expressed in the tumors in comparison to the normal tissue. Among the nine test genes chosen, one gene, Glutathione-S-transferase theta 1 (GSTT1), showed a correlation with the microarray results when analyzed by RT-PCR. Using a comprehensive panel of normal and tumor tissues and cancer-derived cell lines, we have rapidly validated the expression relevance of GSTT1 in solid tumors. The microarray was also useful in the preliminary identification of androgen-regulated genes in the prostate tumor models. These results indicate that microarray in combination with a relevant cDNA repository can facilitate rapid identification of potential targets for therapy and diagnosis of prostate and other cancers.

Female↗
PubMed1999

Confidentiality issues within a clinical information system: moving from data-driven to event-driven design.

Within a hospital, the moving of medical information systems from retrospective data-gathering methods to prospective clinical information systems raises the question of the confidentiality of patient data. A method of improving the traditional matrix model usually used to achieve access controls is described. The event-driven model refers to the way a security system ensures that a given user has a valid "need-to" relationship to a given patient. Events are defined as the occurrence of specific data that trigger the creation or the updating of the relationship between the identity of a user and the identity of a patient (e.g., admission, discharge, transfer, prescription, and report). The creation and the deletion of the relationships between users and patients are based on numerous repositories and working lists of patients. This implementation requires an organization of the hospital activities which is able to manage, in a real-time manner, those repositories as closely as possible to the steps occurring during the patient's care process. Although this approach seems to reasonably fit the dynamic of the care process, it adds significant organizational constraints.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2000

Information systems: the key to evidence-based health practice.

Increasing prominence is being given to the use of best current evidence in clinical practice and health services and programme management decision-making. The role of information in evidence-based practice (EBP) is discussed, together with questions of how advanced information systems and technology (IS&T) can contribute to the establishment of a broader perspective for EBP. The author examines the development, validation and use of a variety of sources of evidence and knowledge that go beyond the well-established paradigm of research, clinical trials, and systematic literature review. Opportunities and challenges in the implementation and use of IS&T and knowledge management tools are examined for six application areas: reference databases, contextual data, clinical data repositories, administrative data repositories, decision support software, and Internet-based interactive health information and communication. Computerized and telecommunications applications that support EBP follow a hierarchy in which systems, tasks and complexity range from reference retrieval and the processing of relatively routine transactions, to complex "data mining" and rule-driven decision support systems.

Decision Support Systems, Clinical↗
PubMed2000

Managing clinical research information: a case study in information access, presentation, and analysis.

Medical information systems at the NIH must meet the twin challenges of excellent patient care and innovative clinical research. This article describes the approach taken by the clinical center at the NIH to enhance its information systems to meet these challenges. The four key components of this strategy are the standard clinical desktop, the clinical data repository, the repository access package, and protocol mapping. Together, these tools provide significant new capabilities for patient care staff and clinical investigators.

Clinical Protocols↗
PubMed2000

Relevance of mandates, notifications and threads in the management of continuity of care.

Availability of electronic healthcare records (EHCR) and geographical networks allows nowadays to realise a set of functionalities to support continuity of care. Actual exchange of complete clinical information, common centralised records, common decisions within an agreed protocols are not mandatory. Sub-optimal alternatives, involving easier management, are possible. In fact, the crucial challenge for continuity of care is the mutual awareness of the multiple perspectives by the actors contributing to patient's care. The various actors should timely know changes in the status of: mandates, i.e. who is involved in the care provision and thus is responsible for a "local" record. knowledge about the patient, i.e. active and inactive problems, impressions, relevant findings. provision of healthcare activities, i.e. plans, orders and performed activities. The decisions on the actual implementation depend on the healthcare context, as implemented within the information system. For example, the mechanism for notifications involves decisions on the quality and quantity of information that must be exchanged, as well as on the modalities for the exchange, regulated by individual user's profiles. Each notification could be sent as a message to a central repository, and then each authorized user could select within the repository the pertaining messages. Or a notification could be sent directly to the list of professionals involved in the care of a patient, that asked for it in their profile. Mandates may be used to regulate the access of the users to the patient's information. This approach was embedded in a European standard under development in CEN/TC251 (CONTSYS--"System of concepts to support continuity of care").

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMed2001

Dentistry's role in the resolution of missing and unidentified persons cases.

The dentist's role in the resolution of missing persons cases is an important one and involves cooperation and assistance. From the beginning of the investigation of a missing child or adult, the submission of complete and accurate records of the dental condition of the particular individual is vital. The dentist that reviews and codes the missing person's dental information before its entry into a missing persons database must be knowledgeable of the logic behind the comparison features of the software used to rank the records. The logic of the comparison may dictate how subjective features are coded. In reviewing the records of the treating dentist, one always must be aware of other sources that may be noted in the records that could provide additional information. The dentist that is responsible for the collection of the dental information from the unidentified remains must be trained in the procedures necessary to collect and document this information. The dentist must be familiar with the legal ramifications and requirements of handling evidence, which may require court testimony. The dentist must be aware of the information that is necessary to substantiate an identification. The examining dentist should be familiar with the American Board of Forensic Odontology's standards and guidelines for the collection, analysis, and terminology used in the identification process. If a particular state does not have a central repository for missing and unidentified persons information, interested and dedicated dentists can encourage agencies and legislators to create one. These repositories have been invaluable in the resolution of cases that have gone on for years. Dentistry can help resolve many of missing persons cases and bring closure to family and friends that wonder and worry.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Mining association rules from clinical databases: an intelligent diagnostic process in healthcare.

Data mining is the process of discovering interesting knowledge, such as patterns, associations, changes, anomalies and significant structures, from large amounts of data stored in databases, data warehouses, or other information repositories. Mining Associations is one of the techniques involved in the process mentioned above and used in this paper. Association is the discovery of association relationships or correlations among a set of items. The algorithm that was implemented is a basic algorithm for mining association rules, known as a priori. In Healthcare, association rules are considered to be quite useful as they offer the possibility to conduct intelligent diagnosis and extract invaluable information and build important knowledge bases quickly and automatically. The problem of identifying new, unexpected and interesting patterns in medical databases in general, and diabetic data repositories in specific, is considered in this paper. We have applied the a priori algorithm to a database containing records of diabetic patients and attempted to extract association rules from the stored real parameters. The results indicate that the methodology followed may be of good value to the diagnostic procedure, especially when large data volumes are involved. The followed process and the implemented system offer an efficient and effective tool in the management of diabetes. Their clinical relevance and utility await the results of prospective clinical studies currently under investigation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2001

Enabling clinicians, researchers, and educators to build custom web-based biomedical information systems.

We describe an open-source toolkit that enables clinicians, researchers, and educators to build their own web-based biomedical information systems. The Web Interfacing Repository Manager (Wirm) is a high-level application server aimed at medical professionals, allowing them to create individually tailored systems for managing their multimedia data and knowledge. We provide an overview of the features of Wirm, explaining how they meet the requirements for supporting biomedical information management, and describe four applications that are currently being developed with Wirm: MyPACS, a teaching file authoring system for radiologists, Fathom, an experiment management system for natural language processing, the Digital Anatomist Repository, an image archiving tool for medical schools, and Ontolog, a browser for medical vocabularies.

Anatomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Typing habitats of Aedes albopictus in Cuba and their association with other species of Culicidae, 1995-1998].

A typing of the habitats of Aedes albopictus in Cuba was made after its detection in 1995. It was observed in suburban areas of the Boyeros Municipality, in Havana City, where a study was conducted from October, 1995, to July, 1998. Most of the positive repositories were found outside the houses. Tins, tires, trees and plants were the places preferred for its breeding. It was found in the breeding places associated with Aedes mediovittatus and Culex quinquefasciatus, dominant species in these places. It was also observed a trend towards an increase of the number of repositories colonized only by the species under study. Reference was made to the phenomenon of competence between this species and the indigenous species present in such places.

Aedes↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Redistribution and toxic action of DDT deposited in the body].

In tests on Wistar male-rats the toxic action and redistribution of the DDT repository in the fatty tissue were investigated. For this purpose a DDT depot was built up by introducing DDT in a dose of 0.2 mg/kg for a period of 6 months, following which the rats were made to fast for 20 days, this securing the egress of DDT from the depot. Furthermore, some of the rats, once the depot had been built up, were for 1 month put on a ration containing 5 per cent of protein and then subjected to fasting for 20 days, this having been done in order to study the toxic effect of DDT against the background of a diet with a low protein content. It was found that the amount of DDT retained in the organs and tissues (omentum, liver, brain) investigated in the test rats did not exceed 10 per cent of the quantity that had been introduced at the time of building up the depot. At the time of fasting there was noted migration of DDT from the fat depot, it being the same both in the test and control animals. But DDT coming from the DDT repository entered the liver and brain only in the test animals, provoking changes in the activity of a number of enzymes in these organs. A low protein diet somewhat intensified these changes.

Adipose Tissue↗
PubMed1997

The effects of perceptions of hazardous waste on migration: a laboratory experimental approach.

"This study develops a methodology that allows migration decision-making to be studied in a laboratory experimental setting. Moreover, this methodology permits an examination of the importance of natural and man-made hazards in migration decisions--factors that have not been extensively studied as determinants of migration. The specific application is to the location of the U.S. nuclear waste repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. Empirical results suggest that the repository may influence employment-related migration, but probably not retirement migration."

Americas↗