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Canine and bovine babesiosis are compared with particular reference to the occurrence of relapses and some immunological aspects of the diseases. Intact dogs resemble splenectomized cattle in respect of the relatively frequent occurrence of clinical relapses of babesiosis. The possible reasons for this are discussed. Attention is drawn to the fact that a sterile immunity of variable duration follows on auto sterilization of some Babesia infections and that antigenically difference strains of the parasite occur in the field.
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Third-generation cephalosporins have been considered for the treatment of systemic salmonelloses because of emerging resistance among Salmonella species to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Twelve patients with typhoid/paratyphoid fever, nine with nontyphoid salmonella bacteremia, and two with Salmonella meningitis were treated with cefotaxime; one leukemic patient with Salmonella dublin bacteremia received ceftizoxime. All infections were cured except for one in a patient with sickle cell anemia; this patient's illness recurred but was cured with a second course of cefotaxime followed by ceftriaxone. A review of the literature documented cures with cefotaxime in 50 of 61 patients with typhoid/paratyphoid fever, all of four with salmonella osteomyelitis, 12 of 14 with salmonella meningitis, and 44 of 49 with non-typhoid salmonella bacteremia. Ceftriaxone and cefoperazone cured, respectively, 23 of 25 and 32 of 33 patients with typhoid/paratyphoid fever. The relapse rates of typhoid fever treated with cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone were 6%, 4%, and 0%, respectively. Cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, and cefoperazone are acceptable alternative antibiotics for the treatment of salmonelloses caused by multiresistant organisms.
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