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PubMed1976

[Double contrast radiography in the study of the gastric posterior wall (author's transl)].

The authors report their experience about 2,422 examinations with double contrast radiography in the study of the gastric posterior wall. This technique is of great value in the detection, analysis and follow-up of gastric ulcerations. In 54 per cent of cases, the double contrast radiography showed endoscopically proven ulcerations, which where not recognized by standard barium meal technique. The diagnosis of the benign tumours of the posterior wall of the stomach has been also increased bay double contrast radiography. Thus, this technique is recommended for routine examination of the stomach.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2003

Acute rhinosinusitis in primary care: a comparison of symptoms, signs, ultrasound, and radiography.

In primary care, the diagnosis of acute maxillary sinusitis (AMS) is based most often only on symptoms and clinical examination. This practice leads to many false positive diagnoses and unnecessary use of antibiotics. Sinus ultrasound has been suggested as a means to improve the accuracy of AMS diagnosis. We studied the symptoms, signs, and ultrasound findings in patients with acute rhinosinusitis. Primary care physicians received small group teaching on sinus ultrasound technique. Sinus radiography was performed in a subgroup of patients, and it acted as reference standard. A total of 150 adult patients were recruited to the study, 105 women (70%) and 45 men (30%). Thirteen patients of 32 (41%) in the radiography subgroup and 74 patients of 148 (50%) with ultrasound result had AMS. The sensitivity of ultrasound compared to radiography was 92% and specificity was 95% when results were calculated per patients as unit of analysis. With practice and teaching primary care physicians can perform sinus ultrasound as accurately as specialists. Symptoms and clinical examination were not reliable in AMS diagnosis. If the criterion for AMS diagnosis were fluid in maxillary sinuses in ultrasound instead of clinical impression, the number of antibiotic prescriptions would be reduced by half in primary care.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2002

[CR (Computed Radiography)].

Several recent studies have a questionnaire survey of many hospitals regarding the radiation exposure conditions of X-ray examinations. From the survey result the entrance surface doses (first quartile, median, third quartile and mean values) have calculated by using the Numerical Dose Determination (NDD) method. The calculated result for all types of examinations showed that the median values were lower than the mean values, whereas the median values of the results were lower than those in the NRPB 21 in England. The mean values of the results were lower than those in the NRPB 21 in England. The mean values were lower than IAEA guidance levels. The results have indicated that the medical exposure dose (entrance surface dose) is lower with Computed Radiography (CR) than with the Screen/Film (S/F) system except the case of chest radiography. In the case of chest radiography (adult patients) by CR exposure set-up using a lower voltage and high mAs than the S?F method, the entrance surface doses were 150 % of the median value for the overall examination and 160 % of the median value for orthochromatic S/F systems. A difference in patient dose among hospitals using CR system was also found. Mean entrance surface dose in CR system was 0.12 mGy in a quartile, 0.19 mGy in the middle and 0.27 mGy in the third quartile. Among the hospitals that showed higher doses of third quartile than above mentioned, dose differences of a quartile were distributed 2 to 10 times higher than mean exposure doses. Mori et al. propose guidance levels are lower than IAEA guidance levels of entrance surface doses for examinations carried out in Japanese institutions as the 3rd quartile of the dose distributions. Therefore the quality control of tube voltage, tube current and mAs and a regular measurement of exposure for X-ray units are required.

Humans↗

PubMed2003

Serum levels of carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen are elevated in patients with multiple myeloma showing skeletal manifestations in magnetic resonance imaging but lacking lytic bone lesions in conventional radiography.

PURPOSE: Skeletal involvement is a hallmark of multiple myeloma. Increased bone resorption can even be present in patients lacking osteolyses in conventional radiography. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the spine was established as a more sensitive technique to depict bone abnormalities. Type-I collagen degradation product carboxyterminal telopeptide of type-I collagen (ICTP) was introduced as a novel biochemical parameter reflecting the bone resorption activity in myeloma. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether increased ICTP serum levels predict abnormal MRI patterns in myeloma patients. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: MRI of the spine was performed in 32 untreated patients with multiple myeloma, who had no skeletal abnormalities in conventional radiographies. Simultaneously, ICTP was measured in serum by a competitive radioimmunoassay at corresponding time points. RESULTS: Serum ICTP was significantly (P = 0.002) elevated in patients with abnormal bone MRI compared with those patients with normal MRI findings. The sensitivity of ICTP for depiction of MRI abnormalities was 79%; the positive and negative predictive values were 85 and 84%, respectively. Compared with ICTP, the parameters of disease activity, beta2-microglobulin and C-reactive protein, had a much lower sensitivity for abnormal MRI (29 and 64%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In myeloma patients without osteolytic lesions in conventional radiography, abnormal skeletal MRI is accompanied by an increase in serum levels of ICTP. Our data show that ICTP can be used as an inexpensive parameter to identify myeloma patients with normal skeletal survey who have a high probability of skeletal involvement and deserve more accurate diagnostic evaluation using MRI.

Aged↗

PubMed2003

The impact of implementing the Ottawa ankle rules on ankle radiography requests in A&E.

This audit was set up to quantify the effect of implementing the Ottawa ankle rules in a district general hospital that relies on both medical and nursing radiography requests. Data were collected prospectively on 207 patients who presented with an acute ankle injury between August 2001 and February 2002. The department's activity was recorded before and after a period of teaching on the Ottawa ankle rules. Before teaching, 71% of patients with an acute ankle injury were sent for radiography; teaching reduced this figure to 56% (p < 0.05). Auditing the activity of our department enabled us to observe a significant decrease in the number of patients sent for ankle radiography following acute ankle injury. This correlates well with research in other settings. The difficulties of rationalising radiology investigations are discussed.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Hard-copy versus soft-copy image reading for detection of ureteral stones on abdominal radiography.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to compare the usefulness of soft-copy images displayed on a cathode ray tube (CRT) with hard-copy images (film images) for detecting ureteral stones on abdominal radiography. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five radiologists read images from 50 cases of ureteral stones and 50 normal cases diagnosed on the basis of intravenous urography and CT. For hard-copy reading, 10-bit images at 3,520x4,280 pixels obtained by computed radiography were printed on 14x17-inch films. For soft-copy reading, 8-bit images were displayed on a 17-inch monochrome monitor at 1,024x1,280 pixels. The study items were area under receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curve (Az), ureteral stone detection sensitivity and specificity, and reading time. RESULTS: For soft-copy and hard-copy images, the average Az values were 0.855 and 0.851, sensitivity was 62.8% and 62%, and specificity was 70.8% and 62.4%, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between these values. Reading time was 106.6 min for soft-copy images, significantly longer than the 71.2 min for hard-copy images (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Although soft-copy image reading time was longer than hard-copy image reading time, the ability to diagnose ureteral stones on abdominal radiography did not differ for soft- and hard-copy images.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Digital dental radiography needs assessment utilizing the Delphi process.

This article reports the results of a needs assessment using the Delphi process. The purpose of this study was to determine the architecture and equipment (radiographic and computer network) for establishing and supporting an enterprise's vast digital dental radiographic program. Two panels of subject matter experts identified the needs for a digital dental radiography system; one expert panel consisted of dentists while the other panel's members were information management/information technology (IM/IT) experts. Panelists rated digital dental radiography needs using descriptive statistics and a 7-point bipolar scale. Among dentists, the four most important needs were the capability to store images, image appearance, centralized image storage, and a dedicated back-up server; among IM/IT panelists, they were ensuring HIPAA compliance, use of a standard formatting procedure, excellent print quality, and use of encryption for data transmission. This study's findings are useful for any organization seeking to initiate or improve its own digital radiography program.

Computer Communication Networks↗

PubMed2006

[Surgical therapy for impalpable small lung lesion; confirmation method by means of combining computed tomography (CT)-guided marking with soft X-ray radiography].

OBJECTIVE: We examined the usefulness of soft X-ray radiography of the specimen which was obtained by the lung wedge biopsy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: From September 2002 to September 2005, we entered the 10 cases (5 men and 5 women) which were consisted of 15 lesions. We performed lung wedge biopsy after computed tomography (CT)-guided lung marking, and then confirmed the lesion in the specimen by means of soft X-ray radiography. RESULTS: We could confirm impalpable small lung lesions in all cases. CONCLUSION: The confirmation method of impalpable small lung lesion that combined CT-guided lung marking with soft X-ray radiography was very useful.

Adenomatosis, Pulmonary↗

PubMed2006

Effects of radiography program admissions practices on student retention.

This study examined the admissions practices of 24-month radiography programs to determine the extent to which the practices affect retention rates. Survey data from 327 programs representing 6,443 radiography program matriculants, 5,191 graduates, and 1,252 withdrawals showed that retention rates were significantly (p < or = 0.05) higher in programs that used a competitive admission process than in those that did not. Also, it was observed that the use of selective grade point average and reference letters in the competitive admission process was significant (p < or = 0.05) in predicting increased retention rates in a radiography program.

Analysis of Variance↗

PubMed1991

[Digital luminescence radiography . 2: Technical implementation and clinical application--future developments].

In the previously published Part 1 of this paper the basic principle of digital luminescence radiography (DLR) was presented and the technical implementation of the data acquisition system with its advantages and disadvantages as compared with conventional radiography were described [3]. Part 2 covers processing, display, archiving and communication of image data; in addition, suggestions for future improvements in the technique are made. Image processing research is directed towards optimal presentation of the detected data by spatial frequency filtering with unsharp masking and by gradation enhancement. Additional information can be acquired by means of dual energy investigations. The image is displayed on either monitor or transparent X-ray film. Picture archiving requires large storage capacities, and picture communication needs fast transfer rates. At present, about 450 installations for digital luminescence radiography are in clinical use worldwide. Routine use can be expected when technical improvements have been implemented.

Humans↗

PubMed1991

[Digital luminescence radiography. Part 1: Basic principle, technical execution and clinical use].

Digital luminescence radiography (DLR) is a new technique in projection radiography, which enables the production of plain X-ray images and motion tomographies with high quality, and is suitable for digital image management. With this procedure the X-ray image produced by conventional roentgen devices is temporarily stored on a reusable photostimulable storage phosphor screen which is characterized by a wide dynamic range. A laser beam scans the exposed phosphor screen and recovers the stored X-ray information as photostimulated luminescence radiation. A photomultiplier converts the emitted light into electrical signals. After normalization and digitization the signals are transmitted to an image processor. The stored digital image can be individually processed and displayed, digitally archived or transferred to any location. The technique is described in two following papers. Part 1 covers the basic principle of the system and the technical implementation of the data acquisition with its advantages and disadvantages as compared with conventional film/screen radiography.

Equipment Design↗

PubMed1991

Comparison between diagnostic ultrasonography and radiography in the evaluation of horses and cattle with thoracic disease: 56 cases (1984-1985).

The results of radiography and ultrasonography were compared on 56 horses and cows with lower respiratory tract disease. Ultrasonography was more sensitive than radiography for the detection of small pleural effusions and consolidations in large animals. The side of the thorax affected and the character of the pleural fluid and lung in large animals with pleural effusion can be evaluated ultrasonographically. The periphery of the lung must be affected to characterize pulmonary lesions ultrasonographically. Radiography is the best technique to characterize lesions deep within the lung when the periphery of the lung is normal.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

Problems associated with veterinary dental radiography.

Veterinarians have been radiographing animal skulls for many years, but sophisticated dentistry was not widely used until the 1970s. Elevated awareness of veterinary dental techniques has led to the need for producing accurate radiographic images of the teeth and periodontal structures. Many problems arise for the clinician who treats small animals who has, before this time, radiographed the skull of dogs and cats solely for the purpose of assessing neoplastic, infectious, or traumatic disease of the mandible, maxilla, or calvarium and now desires to perform dental radiography. This chapter will describe the advantages and disadvantages of some of the more common types of radiographic equipment and supplies, discuss extraoral and intraoral radiographic positioning and technique, identify anatomic landmarks and diagnostic features of intraoral radiography, and offer suggestions concerning the art of using dental radiography in veterinary practice.

Animals↗

PubMed1990

[Quantitative analysis of the complete image layer in rotational panoramic radiography].

Radiography is a fundamental method of examination in clinical dentistry. Rotational panoramic radiography provides comprehensive information on the maxilla and mandible, and is thus a very valuable procedure for dental practitioners. It is impossible for the image layer to be altered to perfectly suit each individual patient, so the closest corresponding image layer is selected from the several layers in the current panoramic x-ray units. Therefore, it is essential for the two-dimensional characteristics of the layers to be accurately understood when performing radiography and diagnosis. There are a number of subjective and objective methods available to evaluate the image layers, but they all have certain disadvantages. Accordingly, an experimental model was used to quantitatively analyze the complete image layer from the anterior to the TMJ region. At first the central plane of the image layer was obtained by analyzing the x-ray beam. Subsequently, the modulation transfer function (MTF) values of the complete image layer from the anterior to the TMJ region were measured using the slit method with digital Fourier transformation. In order to define the image layer, the information transfer factor (ITF) was calculated by integrating the squared MTF from 0 to 10 cycles/mm at each position. The measured image layer was then compared with the layer calculated by the method of McDavid et al. A Veraview apparatus (J. Morita Corp., Japan) with a 1.1 mm primary slit width was used as the panoramic x-ray unit, and DuPont HiPlus/Kodax X-Omat RP was used as the screen/film combination. The results are summarized below. 1. The central plane of the layer, which was obtained by analyzing the x-ray beam, showed a palabolic curve on the right side and a sigmoid curve on the left side, and the forms of the curves differed between the premolar and the molar regions. 2. The average horizontal angle of the beam to the median line on the right and left sides was analyzed using panoramic radiograms. It was 24.2 degrees for the mandibular canine, 58.4 degrees for the surface between the 1st and 2nd molars, and 95.1 degrees for the condyle. 3. When the limit of the image layer was defined as an ITF of 75, the measured image layer thickness was 5.74 mm in the anterior region, 7.4 mm in the canine region, 15.1 mm in the molar region, and 20.7 mm in the TMJ region. The calculated values were 6.16 mm, 8.9 mm, 15.7 mm, and 20.0 mm, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)

Fourier Analysis↗

PubMed1990

A different kind of clinical evaluation instrument for use in a programme in radiography.

Clinical evaluation of radiography students during their performance of non-routine radiographic examinations can be quantified if the proper instrument is used. Such an instrument, referred to as the non-routine radiography examination evaluation by radiographic science faculty at Idaho State University, requires the student to perform a variety of atypical radiography examinations including trauma, paediatrics and portables. This particular instrument provides a mean of documentation and evaluation in an area of student competency which can otherwise be difficult to assess and evaluate.

Documentation↗

PubMed1990

Ultrasonography and radiography in the diagnosis of Peyronie's disease.

In this study the authors compare ultrasonography and radiography with clinical examination in the diagnosis of Peyronie's disease. They also review its clinical presentation. In contrast to previous studies they found no correlation between plaques found on ultrasonography or radiography and those found on clinical examination. They conclude that ultrasonography and radiography are not reliable in diagnosing Peyronie's disease.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In-service education needs of non-certified radiography staff.

Non-hospital medical services such as radiography should be described, evaluated and revised as necessary. A statewide survey in North Carolina was conducted to document the numbers and credentials of people making radiographic exposures, the type and frequency of examinations, and preferred topics for radiography in-service education. About half of the 485 respondents were non-certified radiographers who performed a variety of general diagnostic radiographic examinations. Respondents indicated that all the suggested radiography topics were necessary.

Ambulatory Care Facilities↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Radiography for the diagnosis of dental caries in posterior teeth.

The role of radiography in the detection and monitoring of dental caries in posterior teeth is reviewed. Variables in radiographic technique, including the use of different image projections and receptors, are considered. The contribution of radiography to the diagnosis of approximal, occlusal, and recurrent caries is reviewed, as is the use of radiography for the monitoring of caries progression.

Bicuspid↗