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PubMed1994

Antigenic characterization of an H3N2 swine influenza virus isolated from pigs with proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in Quebec.

A new strain of swine influenza A virus, designated A/Swine/Saint-Hyacinthe/150/90 has been isolated from pigs with severe proliferative and necrotizing pneumonia in Quebec. The antigenic characterization of the hemagglutinin was performed by hemagglutination inhibition test, immunoblot and indirect immunoprecipitation using polyclonal antisera. Only the last test was able to detect an antigenic relationship between the hemagglutinin of this isolate and an H3 subtype influenza virus. The immunoprecipitation test was a useful alternative for determining the hemagglutinin of influenza A virus subtypes. The neuraminidase inhibition test demonstrated a reactivity between the A/Swine/Saint-Hyacinthe/150/90 and antiserum against a N2 subtype influenza virus. Our results indicate that this new strain isolated for the first time in the porcine population of Canada is related to A/Sw/Hong Kong/76 H3N2 swine influenza virus.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic piglets in the Province of Quebec.

During 1972 to 1974, 112 Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrheic piglets were recieved from different parts of the Province of Quebec, Canada. Fifty-six strains elicited a positive gut loop response in three week old piglets and were then considered as Moon's class 1 enteropathogens, while four of the 56 remaining strains reacted only in ten day old piglets and were classified as class 2 enteropathogens. Forty-eight strains produced both a heat-labile and a heat-stable enterotoxin, while 12 isolates which included the four class 2 enteropathogens produced only a heat-stable enterotoxin. Fifty-one enterotoxigenic strains could be serogrouped using OK antisera against E. coli strains commonly associated with colibacillosis in piglets. The most common serogroups encountered were O157: K "V17"; 88a,c, O149:K91; 88a.c. O157:K"V1c, O149:K91; 88a.c, O157:K"V17"; 88 a,c or a,b and O45:K"E5"; 88a,c. No significant difference was observed in the fermentation patterns, antibiotic susceptibility, colicin production, production of a filterable hemolysin and transferable tetracycline resistance between the enterotoxigenic and the nonenterotoxigenic strains.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Medicare in Quebec.

A provincial health insurance system was introduced through Canada more than five years ago. The program and fee schedules for optometric and some ophthalmologic services are presented. Statistics are provided by the government concerning the utilization of optometric and some medical eye services according to the distribution of age and sex in the Quebec population. Relative costs of these services as well as the incomes of health care professionals are compared. It is hoped that this information will aid in the planning and development of the U.S. Medicare program.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Detection of bovine coronavirus and type A rotavirus in neonatal calf diarrhea and winter dysentery of cattle in Quebec: evaluation of three diagnostic methods.

The use of direct electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy for the identification of bovine coronavirus and type A rotavirus were examined. Two hundred and forty-nine samples from diarrheic calves and winter dysenteric cattle from seven geographic areas in Quebec were examined for the presence of viruses by direct electron microscopy of negatively stained preparations. In addition, all the samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and a random selection of 47 samples were also analyzed by protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy. Thirty-nine percent of samples examined by direct electron microscopy contained viral particles; bovine coronavirus and type A rotavirus were the most common viruses involved. Overall agreement between any two of the methods used compared favorably with results obtained by others using similar methods. The presence of coronavirus and rotavirus in fecal samples obtained from neonatal calves and the presence of coronavirus in samples from winter dysenteric adult cattle suggested their etiological roles in the respective diseases. Furthermore, results from protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy of coronavirus-like particles implied that a different coronavirus or some other viruses might be involved in these diseases. Finally, the efficiency of direct electron microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and protein A-gold immunoelectron microscopy as diagnostic tools is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[Evaluation of the causes of disability in Quebec nurses].

More and more data demonstrate that nursing can be a particularly stressful career (Jones, 1987). One of the objectives of this study was to determine if the work organisation and its resulting stress had long-term effects on the health of Quebec nurses. The second objective was to confirm the results from our first analysis through empirical research. This study has determined a main target regarding preventive strategies for these professionals: mental health.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Factors affecting compliance with preventive treatment for tuberculosis at Mistassini Lake, Quebec, Canada.

Non-compliance is the most important cause of failure of anti-tuberculous therapy throughout the world. In 1990 and 1991, an outbreak of tuberculosis occurred on the Mistassini Cree territory in Northern Quebec, Canada, and a number of cases of active tuberculosis occurred among known tuberculin-positive contacts who were non-compliant with preventive therapy. To better understand the factors affecting compliance with preventive treatment, a review of patients prescribed preventive treatment over the past 10 y was conducted. A freely-translated, interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to measure personal/lifestyle factors and knowledge/attitudes about tuberculosis. Clinic dossiers were reviewed to assess compliance. One hundred and two (102) subjects prescribed preventive treatment between 1981 and 1991 were interviewed, of whom 33.7% were judged to have been compliant. The most significant factor associated with compliance with preventive therapy was year of therapy. Between 1981 and 1985, 78% completed treatment, compared to less than 20% since 1986 (p < .0001). The major factor identified as associated with this sudden change was a shift in responsibility for tuberculosis treatment follow-up from native community health workers to non-native nurses in 1985/86. We conclude that tuberculosis control programs must be tailored to take into account the importance of cultural factors in promoting compliance with therapy.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Perceptions of mental illness in Quebec residents].

A transverse survey was conducted with 772 Quebecers in September 1992. Its purpose was to evaluate the level of awareness of the general public about mental illness, the general knowledge of these illnesses and their treatments and the attitudes towards mentally ill patients. Results show that half of the interviewed subjects still feel that they are not informed enough about mental illness and even well informed people have a poor general knowledge of mental illnesses and their treatments. Finally, more than 65% of the surveyed population show positive attitudes towards psychiatric patients, which seems to be an improvement in comparison with the past years. The author believes that physicians should give more information on mental illness and particularly on the role of drugs in the treatment of mentally ill patients. It seems also important to put more emphasis on information to low and middle class people.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Innovation in the Quebec's community health departments].

Following the reform of the health care system in Quebec at the beginning of the 1970s, 32 Community Health Departments (départements de santé communautaire or DSC) were created; these new organizations were administratively and physically integrated into 32 acute care hospitals throughout the province. Our study investigates to what extent variations in the implementation of DSCs and in the way they have fulfilled their mandate influence the degree of innovation of their practices. The results show that DSCs devoting greater efforts to research activities and to their relationships with other health care establishments and agencies achieve a higher level of innovation in their practices.

Community Health Services↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[The human gastroenteritis virus in the Quebec region (1986-1991). Identification by electronic microscopy].

Between 1986 and 1991, 251 fecal samples were examined. Viruses were found in 48% of stools, namely adenoviruses, astroviruses, caliciviruses, coronaviruses, rotaviruses, and particles reassembling the Norwalk agent (74% of positive cases). All morphological types of viruses normally associated with human gastroenteritis are present in Quebec, its vicinity, and in the east of the Province. The interpretation of specimens is complicated by the presence of a wide variety of biological structures including bacteriophages. Electron microscopy is the method of choice for identification of the whole range of gastroenteritis viruses.

DNA, Viral↗
PubMed1993

A biochemically distinct form of cytochrome oxidase (COX) deficiency in the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec.

We report the results of biochemical and molecular investigations on a group of patients from the Saguenay-Lac-Saint-Jean region of Quebec who have an unusual form of cytochrome oxidase deficiency and Leigh disease. This group can be distinguished from the classical presentation of cytochrome oxidase deficiency with Leigh disease, by the severity of the biochemical defect in different tissues. The activity in skin fibroblasts, amniocytes, and skeletal muscle of cytochrome oxidase is 50% of normal, while in kidney and heart it is close to normal values. Brain and liver, on the other hand, have very low activities. The defect in activity appears to result from a failure of assembly of the cytochrome oxidase complex in liver, but levels of mRNA for both mitochondrially encoded and nuclear-encoded subunits in liver and skin fibroblasts were found to be the same as those in controls. The cDNA sequence of the liver-specific cytochrome oxidase subunits VIa and VIIa were determined in samples from patient liver and skin fibroblasts and showed normal coding sequence.

Acidosis, Lactic↗
PubMed1993

The reform of the Quebec health care system: potential for innovation?

The recent reform of the health care system in Quebec can be viewed as the result of a continuous process that originated with the first reform launched in the early 70s. The reform focuses on three elements: decentralization, citizen participation, and outcome-centered management. The context in which the reform is being launched contains both favorable conditions and obstacles to its successful implementation.

Community Health Services↗
PubMed1993

Prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and impaired glucose tolerance in two Algonquin communities in Quebec.

OBJECTIVE: To assess and compare the prevalence of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) in two native Indian communities. DESIGN: Population-based study. SETTING: Two Algonquin communities in Quebec: River Desert and Lac Simon. PARTICIPANTS: All native Indian residents aged at least 15 years were eligible; 621 (59%) of them volunteered to enroll in the study. The participation rate was 49% in River Desert and 76% in Lac Simon. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Fasting blood glucose level and serum glucose level 2 hours after 75-g oral glucose tolerance test, as described by the World Health Organization, in all subjects except those with confirmed diabetes. Other measures included body mass index (BMI), fat distribution and blood pressure. MAIN RESULTS: The age-sex standardized prevalence rate of NIDDM was 19% in Lac Simon (95% confidence interval [CI] 16% to 21%); this was more than twice the rate of 9% in River Desert (95% CI 7% to 11%). The IGT rates were comparable in the two communities (River Desert 5%, Lac Simon 6%). NIDDM and IGT were uncommon under the age of 35 years. Only in Lac Simon was the NIDDM prevalence rate significantly higher among the women than among the men (23% v. 14%); almost half of the women aged 35 years or more had diabetes. In Lac Simon the rate of marked obesity (BMI greater than 30) was significantly higher among the women than among the men (37% v. 19%; p < 0.001); this sex-related difference was not found in River Desert (rates 31% and 23% respectively). Previously undiagnosed NIDDM accounted for 25% of all the cases. NIDDM and IGT were significantly associated with high BMI, sum of skinfold thicknesses and waist:hip circumference ratio (p < 0.001). The subscapular:triceps skinfold ratio, however, did not display such an association, nor did the age-adjusted systolic blood pressure. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of NIDDM is high in Algonquin communities and may vary markedly between communities. Although widespread, particularly in women, obesity cannot entirely explain the much higher rate of NIDDM in Lac Simon. Family and lifestyle risk factors, in particular diet and activity patterns, are being analysed in the two communities.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

Prevalence of serotypes G6 and G10 group A rotaviruses in dairy calves in Quebec.

Fecal samples from diarrheic and nondiarrheic dairy calves (1 to 3 weeks old) from 12 regions of Quebec, collected between 1992 and 1994, were screened for group A bovine rotavirus (BRV) using a combination of 2 VP6-specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The overall prevalence of BRV infection was 26.4% (107/405). In diarrheic calves, BRV infection reached 74.3% (55/74), but only 15.7% (52/331) in nondiarrheic calves. BRV-positive samples were serotyped by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using G6 and G10 specific MAbs. The analysis of 107 field samples revealed that, in diarrheic calves, 34.5% (19/55) were G6, 27.2% (15/55) were G10, 9% (5/55) were G6 and G10 positive, and 29.9% (16/55) were G6 and G10 negative. In nondiarrheic calves, 19.2% (10/52) were G6, 19.2% (10/52) were G10, 7.6% (4/52) were G6 and G10 positive, and 53.6% (28/52) were G6 and G10 negative. Rotavirus dsRNA was extracted from BRV-positive samples and examined by polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). Of 107 samples tested, 74 (69.1%) were positive, and all the samples demonstrated a typical group A rotavirus migration pattern.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

[The campaign against the spread of ragweed: the Quebec model].

In Canada, the "lesser flea grass" is a native species. Deposits of its pollen have been found to be over 60,000 years old, but it only started to spread on a large scale two centuries ago. The fight to eradicate ragweed began in 1937 when E. Campagna enlisted the help of school-children in Gaspesia to pull up the weed. Fifty years later, the effectiveness of this method is still visible. However, independent attempts made in Montreal in 1950 turned out to be insufficient. Later campaigns were first undertaken by the local councils, then by the Montreal Urban Community, and were later upheld by the Quebec Ministry for the Environment. Rulings by the latter have power of authority. They may take matters as far as prosecution. The decision-makers have financed pollen collectors, which are indispensable control measures. They have proved that the incidence of the disease was related to the quantity of pollen present and that the pollen index improved as more and more campaigns were implemented. G. Vincent has shown that weeding was the best method, but that mowing the weed at a height of 2 cm also good results, as long as this was done exclusively at the same time as in France, the second fortnight in July.

Air↗
PubMed1977

Recent time-trends of age-specific death rates for breast cancer: Quebec and other provinces, 1965 through 1974.

For the 10-year period 1965 through 1974 the age-specific death rates for cancer of the breast decreased among middle-aged women, especially at ages 40 to 49 years, in Quebec, the Maritimes and the Prairies but not in Ontario or British Columbia. In women under 35 years of age the mortality generally increased, while in women aged 60 to 64 years there was little change except in the Prairies, where the rate increased. It seems probable that the trends reflect changes in incidence rather than in case-fatality. Some, but not all, of the pattern could be explained by changes in fertility over the past 50 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

A study of the prevalence of sexual coercion in adolescent heterosexual dating relationships in a Quebec sample.

Very few studies which have addressed the issue of sexual violence in dating relationships have provided prevalence rates for coercion that is perpetrated and sustained for both sexes during adolescence, while adequately accounting for the totality of unwanted sexual experiences. The present study addresses these issues by examining the rates of perpetrated and sustained sexual coercion among 644 French-speaking adolescents between 15 and 19 years of age with heterosexual dating experience from Quebec (Canada). Chi-square analyses reveal that girls are more often the victims of coercion, while boys more frequently perpetrate it. However, some boys are victims of sexual coercion. The most frequently occurring unwanted sexual experiences are kissing, and petting or fondling. Verbal coercion, consisting of continual arguments and pressure, is the strategy most often used by those who perpetrate unwanted sexual experiences, and is the strategy most frequently reported by those who suffer it. More extreme forms of sexual violence are also reported, but at a lower rate. Such high rates of sexual coercion during adolescence, as observed in the present study within a culture which is increasingly open to issues regarding sexuality, argue strongly for the implementation of prevention and intervention programs within this age group.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1996

Education, practice reviews needed to reduce surgical intervention, Quebec report says.

Clinical uncertainty may be the reason for large variations in the rates of tonsillectomy, adenoidectomy and myringotomy in Quebec, a report prepared for the provincial government states. Methods used in other jurisdictions, such as informing physicians about geographic differences in intervention rates and developing clinical practice guidelines, could reduce the variations and save millions of dollars, researchers suggest.

Adenoidectomy↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Screening for risk factors for alcohol consumption in the Quebec Health Survey].

The CAGE is a brief and simple alcoholism screening test which should be evaluated in the general population. A secondary analysis of the data from the Quebec Health Survey on a representative sample (n = 19,724) of those 15 years and older established the psychometric properties of the French version of the CAGE. A coefficient of internal consistency (alpha = 0.70) and a factorial analysis suggesting a unidimensional structure indicate a good homogeneity of the CAGE. A 13-item index of alcoholic dependence (CAGE + nine social consequences of drinking) also indicates a very good internal consistency (alpha = 0.91). This study confirms the usefulness of the CAGE and the index of dependence as screening tools for general population surveys.

Adult↗