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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1987

Temazepam versus flunitrazepam as an oral premedication in adult surgical patients.

In a randomized study, 20 patients received temazepam 20 mg orally the night before and 20 mg in the morning of an operation performed under spinal analgesia (Group I); 20 patients received flunitrazepam I mg similarly (Group 2). Different aspects of the premedication were evaluated verbally, with the aid of a visual analogue scale, Maddox wing apparatus, the critical flicker fusion threshold test, blood pressure and heart rate measurements, serum and CSF cortisol and plasma ADH measurements, as well as CSF drug level determinations. Clinically, temazepam 20 mg proved to be comparable with flunitrazepam I mg, although the latter more effectively prevented cardiovascular changes and pre-operative hormonal stress reaction. No correlation was found between the CSF drug level (bioassayed by radioreceptor assay) and the clinical response of the two benzodiazepines, nor was there any correlation between the cortisol or ADH levels versus the CSF drug levels. On the whole, flunitrazepam proved to be marginally better than temazepam as an oral premedicant.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Premedication for gastroscopy. A comparative study of diazepam, dixyrazine, and placebo.

In a study of 52 consecutive out-patients the effects of diazepam and dixyrazine were compared with each other and with placebo as premedication for elective gastroscopy. All patients also received topical lidocaine and intravenous administration of propantheline bromide immediately before the examination. No difference was found between diazepam and dixyrazine, but they were both significantly superior to placebo in relieving anxiety, retching, and eructations.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

[Premedication and risks in computed tomography of newborn and infant children].

In very young pediatric patients CT-investigations require sedative-hypnotic drug treatment to ensure complete immobilisation during scanning. The case report of a neonate with respiratory arrest after a repeated CT-premedication underlines the high risk of these procedures, especially in patients with central nervous system disorders. We compared organisational requirements, risks and complication rates of 146 oral and intramuscular promazine medications for CT-scanning of the head in 146 infants and neonates (93.8% adequate sedation response) to those of reported alternative methods. Oral promazine proved to be a very effective and safe medication (average dosage in 57 patients without complications: 5.2 mg/kg body weight/90 minutes before CT-scanning; 96% successful sedation procedures) in comparison to 89 patients with i.m. promazine (average dosage: 2.3 mg/kg body weight/45 min before CT with 92% adequate sedations but a complication rate of 7.9%). For neuropediatric examinations of outpatients fast recovery and EEG-compatibility are further important advantages of oral promazine CT-medication.

Head↗
PubMed1985

[Simple-blind clinical study with sublingual lorazepam vs. injectable diazepam as premedication in colonoscopies].

Those patients premedicated at least 90 minutes before coloscopy, with sublingual lorazepam, showed improved sedative effect, better tolerance and collaboration? Less discomfort and pain when air was, as usually insuflated, as compared with patients receiving intramuscular diazepam. Doctor's opinion coincided with the before mentioned preference for sublingual lorazepam prescribed at least 90 minutes before the endoscopic procedure. No adverse side effects were pointed out.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1979

Severe anaphylactoid reaction to radiographic contrast media. Recurrences despites premedication with diphenhydramine and prednisone.

Patients with a history of anaphylactoid reaction to radiographic contrast medium (RCM) are at increased risk for subsequent reaction. To date, 275 of these high-risk patients have been studied with use of prophylactic pretreatment with diphenhydramine hydrochloride or prednisone or both without a single severe anaphylactoid reaction on readministration of RCM. This report describes a patient who received pretreatment as described in the literature but suffered a life-threatening anaphylactoid reaction on readministration of RCM. Premedication does not eliminate the possiblity of a fatal reaction on readministration of RCM.

Anaphylaxis↗
PubMed1979

[Premedication of esophago-gastro-duodenoscopy with a neuroleptanalgesic drug and a tranquillizer--a controlled clinical study (author's transl)].

In a controlled double-blind randomized study Thalamonal and Valium were compared in 498 esophago-gastro-duodenoscopies. Both drugs were injected intravenously immediately before the procedure. Satisfactory sedation which made additional injection of the drug during the endoscopy superfluous could be achieved in 66% of the patients with Thalamonal and in 52% with Valium respectively. The difference between the two preparations is statistically significant (p less than 0,005). In 95 patients catamnestic studies were performed in order to evaluate second episodes of fatigue after the endoscopy. A good effect of the preparation during endoscopy and a lack of second attacks of sedation following discharge was observed only in 23% of the patients after Thalamonal and in 21% of the patients after Valium injection, respectively. Therfore a good premedication was achieved in only one fifth of the patients receiving one of the two drugs.

Diazepam↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Liberal arts and the premedical curriculum.

Twenty-five leading physicians, medical educators, and humanists convened and affirmed the contributions of a liberal arts education to the study and practice of medicine. Participants agreed that overemphasizing technical expertise does have deleterious effects on premedical and medical education, which might be alleviated by encouraging a more broadly based undergraduate and medical curriculum. Admissions statistics show that approximately 50% of all applicants of medical school are admitted to some school and that there is no apparent bias against nonscience majors in the admissions process. Increased student awareness of these statistics should relieve anxieties and intense competitive pressures. A publication based on the conference recommendations will be made available to deans, advisors, and career counselors.

Congresses as Topic↗
PubMed1984

Effect of lysine-acetylsalicylate and phenylbutazone premedication on the protein content of secondary aqueous humour in the dog.

Inhibitory effects of the anti-inflammatory agents lysine-acetylsalicylate (LAS) and phenylbutazone (PBZ) on the breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier by paracentesis were studied in canine eyes using protein determination of ocular fluid. In the untreated eyes the aqueous protein value was raised from 0.29 +/- 0.17 (mean +/- SD) g litre-1 at the initial paracentesis to 14.47 +/- 4.10 g litre-1 at the second paracentesis. Pretreatment with LAS or PBZ had no significant effect on the protein concentration of the primary aqueous humour. However the secondary aqueous protein concentration was only 10.05 +/- 7.00 g litre-1 with LAS and 5.80 +/- 3.83 g litre-1 with PBZ. With both drugs the maximum inhibitory effect was observed on the gammaglobulins and albumin. These results suggest that prostaglandins may be involved in the response of the canine eye to paracentesis and that premedication with LAS or PBZ may be of value in reducing postoperative ocular inflammation.

Analgesics↗
PubMed1983

[Transdermal scopolamine for postoperative vomiting: a new form of premedication?].

The author has used scopolamine-TTS, a fundamentally new therapeutic system, exclusively as anti-emetic premedication in 100 patients undergoing surgery with anaesthesia. Application is simple and non-invasive. The results are encouraging: in the first 12 hours after operation the antiemetic therapy had to be extended with i.V.-domperidone because of insufficient effect in only 9% of the patients. 24 hours later still 8% of the patients had slight nausea without vomiting. Slight side effects (delayed waking, accommodation disturbances, dry mouth) occurred in 3 to 30% of the patients. The transdermal therapeutic system opens basically new pharmacological and clinical perspectives.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1980

On nonscience premedical education: surprising evidence and a call for clarification.

Critics decrying inadequacies in the training of physicians note a lack of "humanistic" education. This deficiency is cited as the cause of a variety of problems perceived among modern physicians. Yet the content of "humanistic" education is rarely specified, and typically little or no data are presented about what medical students actually study during their premedical years. Proposals for change thus do not have an empirical base and instead derive from observations of "symptoms." The present authors report an analysis of the undergraduate transcripts of 465 students from the University of Rochester who applied to medical school. Results indicate a surprising breadth in undergraduate training which is inconsistent with the claims of narrowness. The authors call upon medical educators for further specification of the desired role of the social sciences and humanities in the undergraduate preparation of future physicians.

Education, Premedical↗
PubMed1994

Premedication with Midazolam (Dormicum) compared with Promethazine, Droperidol and placebo in relieving anxiety using Beck's anxiety inventory.

In a randomized double-blind study, Midazolam (Dormicum) (7.5 mg) was compared with Promethazine (Phenergan) (25 mg), Droperidol (2.5 mg) and placebo as premedication for 98 pre-selected patients undergoing surgery. The anxiolytic effect of the above drugs was monitored by Beck's Anxiety Inventory. 83.3% of patients who received Midazolam had a decrease in their anxiety state compared to 55.6% for Promethazine, 12% for Droperidol and 25% for placebo. The study clearly proved that Midazolam is a better anxiolytic drug compared to Droperidol and Promethazine.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Use of prifinium bromide in endoscopic premedication. A double-blind controlled study vs hyoscine N-butylbromide].

Results are reported of double blind controlled clinical trial in patients to be subjected to gastroduodenoscopy for diagnostic purposes. Before endoscopic examination prifinium bromide or hyoscine N-butylbromide was administered in a single dose intravenously as premedication to 30 out patients randomised into two groups. In order to evaluate the antispasmodic effects of the drugs on the smooth gastroenteric muscle, following endoscopic findings have been examined, before and after administration: gastric peristalsis, pilorus status, duodenum relaxation and duodenal fold morphology. Our data confirm that both drugs induced an appropriate smooth gastroenteric muscle relaxation, enabling an easier endoscopic evaluation. Particularly, patients treated with prifinium bromide pointed out a better response as far as the pilorus status, reaching complete relaxation in 66.7% of subjects versus 26.7% of the control group (p = 0.04). The good tolerability of both drugs is also confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Use of clopheline in premedication in cesarean section].

Changes in central hemodynamics have been determined and blood loss, the volume of infusion-transfusion therapy, analgesic expenditure, hourly diuresis, the state of the newborn (scored according to Apgar scale) have been studied in 38 women during cesarean section. 26 of them were given additionally 0.15 mg of clopheline in tablets one hour before surgery. The data obtained have shown that clopheline has a positive effect on anesthesia and results of cesarean section. Clopheline is suggested for premedication in uncomplicated cases.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Evaluation of propofol for general anesthesia in premedicated horses.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate selected hemodynamic, respiratory, and behavioral responses to propofol in horses premedicated with xylazine or detomidine. DESIGN: Xylazine (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg of body weight) was administered IV on different days to each of 6 horses prior to IV administration of propofol (2 mg/kg). In a second group of 6 horses, detomidine (15 and 30 micrograms/kg) was similarly studied. ANIMALS: 2 groups of 6 mature healthy horses. PROCEDURE: Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates, arterial blood gas tensions, and direct arterial blood pressures were recorded before and at fixed intervals after drug administration. Induction and recovery events were quantitatively and qualitatively assessed. Cardiopulmonary and behavioral data to follow were statistically analyzed (P < or = 0.05). RESULTS: Heart rate decreased in dose-dependent manner from a mean (+/- SD) of 39.5 +/- 5.1 beats/min after xylazine and detomidine. Second-degree atrioventricular dissociation was commonly seen at the higher drug doses. After propofol administration, heart rate either transiently increased or was less depressed early in recumbency, compared with predrug values. Direct arterial blood pressures varied inconsistently from predrug values. Mean arterial carbon dioxide tension tended to increase after drug administration (significance variable) from predrug values of 42 to 46 mm of Hg in both drug groups. After xylazine or detomidine administration, arterial oxygen tension decreased significantly from predrug values of 97 to 103 mm of Hg. The magnitude and duration of decrease was dose-dependent and greatest during recumbency. Behavioral responses to anesthetic induction were variable, but horses were uniformly calm and coordinated during recovery. Recumbency time increased in response to the higher dose of either premedicant drug. Mean (+/- SD) times to standing were 25.02 +/- 4.42 and 35.57 +/- 6.83 minutes for the low and high doses of xylazine, respectively and 41.04 +/- 11.21 and 52.64 +/- 14.67 minutes for the low and high doses of detomidine, respectively. CONCLUSION: Neither xylazine nor detomidine prevented excitation associated with propofol injection in horses. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Xylazine or detomidine-propofol combinations likely will not replace common anesthetic induction techniques for horses. However, recovery characteristics associated with propofol encourage further study in horses.

Anesthesia, General↗
PubMed1996

Oral premedications in paediatric day surgery.

The degree of sedation in 191 day-stay children after oral premedication were compared. One hundred and forty-six were 1-5 years old (Group 1) and were randomised to receive either chloral 40 mg/kg, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg, promethazine 1 mg/kg, trimeprazine 3 mg/kg or placebo. Forty-five were 5-12 years old and were randomised to receive either trimeprazine 3 mg/kg, midazolam 0.2 mg/kg or placebo (Group 2). The children were assessed using four categories: asleep or drowsy, awake but calm, crying or anxious and oversedated or obstructed airway. They were assessed on leaving the ward, at separation from the parents, at induction, in the recovery room and one and two hours after returning to the ward. In Group 1, it was found that chloral and trimeprazine gave the best degree of sedation but the sedative effect of trimeprazine lasted longer into the post operative period. In Group 2, it was found that the children did not require deep sedation and the anxiolysis obtained with midazolam was adequate.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1996

The effect of glycopyrrolate premedication on postoperative sore throat.

Patients given general endotracheal anesthesia commonly experience postoperative sore throat and/or hoarseness. Our study examined whether the occurrence of postoperative sore throat was associated with the use of a glycopyrrolate premedication and found that it was. We randomly assigned 120 patients undergoing general endotracheal anesthesia for routine surgery to receive a preoperative mediation including or excluding glycopyrrolate. We controlled for factors known to increase the risk of a postoperative sore throat. After surgery, an interviewer, unaware of the subject's group assignment, questioned each subject about the presence of a sore throat and, if present, asked the patient to rate its severity. We found that patients who did not receive preoperative glycopyrrolate were significantly less likely to report having a sore throat or reported having a less severe sore throat than patients who did receive glycopyrrolate.

Adjuvants, Anesthesia↗
PubMed1976

[Comparative characteristics of the serotonin and histamine content in the blood of surgical patients before and after antibiotic administration against a background of droperidol, promedol and atropine premedication].

The effect of intramuscular administration of ceporin and megacillin in single doses of 500 mg and 1000000 Units respectively on serotonin and histamine blood levels in 34 patients against the background of premedication with droperidol, promedol or atropine was studied. The observations showed that after megacillin injection the serotonin blood levels decreased. Ceporin had no effect on serotonin and histamine blood levels.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

[Premedication with different groups of hypotensive drugs in preparation of patients with concomitant arterial hypertension to planned surgical treatment].

Investigation of hemodynamic changes in 180 women liable to operations of supravaginal amputation were carried out in order to chose the optimum method of curative premedication in patients with essential arterial hypertension. The results obtained show that Adalat in dosage 60 mg daily during 7 days is most effective in cases with concomitant border-line hypertension. Anaprilin in dosage 160 mg daily and Adalat in dosage 60 mg/day during 7 days have the best hypotensive effect at the first stage of essential hypertension. Clopheline in dosage 300 mg/day or Adalat in dosage 60 mg/day during 7 days are most expedient in the course of hypotensive preparing the patients with the II stage of essential hypertension.

Adult↗