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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Population-based study of police-reported sexual assault in Baltimore, Maryland.

OBJECTIVE: To document the population-based incidence of sexual assault in Baltimore, Md, victims' alcohol/drug use, and pre-event circumstances. METHODS: Between 1997 and 1999, the city's sexual assault treatment center treated 1,038 victims (age>or=13 years). Data were extracted from forensic narratives. Analysis was restricted to frequency tables and bar graphs. Incidence was calculated based on 1998 population figures. RESULTS: The incidence of sexual assault among females aged 13 years or older was 117 per 100,000. Seventy percent of patients were less than 30 years old. Fifty-three percent tested positive for alcohol/drugs. Two thirds sustained physical or genital injury; 30% sustained both. The most common pre-event circumstances were walking/being followed (27%) and visiting a friend's home (24%). CONCLUSION: This study revealed a high prevalence of physical/genital injury, supporting the call for an injury severity scale for sexual assault and for increased substance abuse counseling and educational/health resources to mitigate sexual assault and offer meaningful response when such crimes occur.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Drug deaths in police custody: is dual diagnosis a significant factor?

This study examined cases for possible mental health issues based on a study of 43 deaths in custody that had been supervised by the PCA between 1998 and 2002 involving the use of drugs. In 18 of the 43 cases, there was evidence of one of three groups of mental health symptoms--in five cases, there was evidence of psychosis, in five of previous self-harm or suicidal attempts, and in a further eight, there were indications of anxiety or depression. This constitutes a total of 42% of the cases studied. Those with mental health factors were more likely to have swallowed the drugs used, were more likely to have used prescription drugs and were more likely to have been believed to be faking their symptoms by the officers involved in these cases. While it is recognised that mental health problems are widespread in the criminal justice system, the diversity of conditions and the marked overlap with the use of alcohol and illicit drugs has not been sufficiently recognised, either in the training of officers or in the procedures for intervention in the custody suite.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Drinking patterns and traffic casualties in Switzerland: matching survey data and police records to design preventive action.

OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between drinking patterns and alcohol-related traffic casualties. STUDY DESIGN: Data linkage of cross-sectional survey data on alcohol consumption with official traffic casualty records. METHODS: Alcohol consumption measures for usual heavy drinking and risky single occasion drinking were derived for different time segments of the day from a 7-day drinking diary study of 747 current drinkers. Measures were correlated with official records of alcohol-related traffic casualties. RESULTS: There was a high correlation between alcohol-related traffic casualties and the number of risky single occasion drinkers that consumed alcohol outside their homes (r=0.92). On average, about 50% of these drinking occasions were attributed to usual moderate drinkers. The proportion of usual heavy drinkers was lowest in the time segments with the most alcohol-related casualties. CONCLUSION: Preventive countermeasures should be targeted at the general population, enforced particularly during specific periods of the week.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1998

Failure of the mandatory domestic violence reporting law to increase medical facility referral to police.

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of California's 1994 mandatory domestic violence reporting law on Los Angeles Sheriff's Department dispatches to medical facilities for domestic violence incidents. METHODS: This ecological time-trend study analyzed data from the Los Angeles Sheriff's Department for the period January 1, 1993, to December 31, 1995. All 26,051 dispatches for domestic violence offenses during the study period were analyzed. The outcome measures were changes in biweekly department dispatches for domestic violence offenses resulting from the implementation of the mandatory domestic violence reporting law adjusted for seasonal variation and the Simpson/Goldman murders. RESULTS: The percentage of biweekly dispatches to medical facilities for domestic violence offenses did not increase in response to the law (beta = -.0072, P = .095). Total domestic violence dispatches increased significantly after the Simpson/Goldman murders but not after passage of the law (beta = 82.7, P < .0001 versus beta = -10.1, P = .2205). CONCLUSION: The mandatory domestic violence reporting law in California did not increase medical personnel reporting of domestic violence situations to the Sheriff's Department during the 2 years after its implementation.

Adult↗