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PubMedDate not supplied

Diversifying the health professions: a model program.

OBJECTIVE: To describe a university-based mentoring program in the food and nutritional sciences that addresses the need for multicultural professionals in allied health fields. METHODS: The conceptual model for the program includes inputs (goals, resources), transformational process (professional development, social support and recognition) and outcomes (student participation, graduation and placement rates). Outcome data were analyzed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Between 1993 and 2001, 49 students completed the program, 43 (88%) graduated, 23 were placed in graduate or professional schools, and 21 obtained professional positions. CONCLUSION: This mentoring model resulted in multicultural students who successfully entered health professions.

Allied Health Occupations↗
PubMed1992

The troubled profession: is medicine's glass half full or half empty?

Abundant evidence that medicine is in trouble includes serious career dissatisfaction among practicing and would-be physicians as well as steeply declining interest in generalist careers, especially internal medicine. Medicine is threatened by ever-rising health care expenditures and ineffectual but vexing administrative efforts to contain them. Additional problems challenge internal medicine in particular: the clinical complexity of practice, lower income potential, and incomplete clinical experiences for medical students. Yet, in the past 25 years, spectacular advances in science and technology enabled improved patient care and outcomes; more women and minorities entering the profession brought it into better demographic balance; relative physician incomes rose; and access to physician services improved with Medicare and Medicaid and the desegregation of southern hospitals. Despite an unfinished agenda, never before has medicine held so much promise for improving the health of the public. Despite various professional problems, no other career offers the unique blend of state-of-the-art science and humanism that epitomizes internal medicine--medicine's integrating specialty.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Barriers to healthy eating in the nursing profession: Part 2.

AIM: This is the second of two articles that report on work commissioned by the NHS Executive North West, to explore the perceived barriers to healthy eating within the nursing profession. METHOD: Observations were made of catering facilities within eight healthcare sites (six acute hospitals, an NHS walk-in centre and an NHS Direct site) across the North West region. Twenty four unstructured interviews were conducted with nurses and three were sampled from each healthcare site. RESULTS: Four main themes emerged as barriers to healthy eating: availability; variety; distance from catering facilities; and breaks/staffing levels/workload issues CONCLUSION: Respondents in this study do not consider their working environments to be conducive to healthy eating practices.

Attitude of Health Personnel↗
PubMed1998

'What makes a good doctor?'--views of the medical profession and the public in setting priorities for medical education.

AIM: The concept of the 'good doctor' was systematically studied by determining the view of doctors and non-physicians regarding the qualities and attributes of an ideal physician. METHOD: A list of characteristics of a good doctor was compiled from a Medline search, and from opinions generated by three focus groups (medical school academics, general practitioners and non-medical professionals). This was qualitatively categorised into five domains: 1. Cognitive, 2. Conative, 3. Emotional, 4. Interpersonal, and 5. Moral-ethical. An inventory comprising 25 statements, which reflected the most commonly and consistently identified characteristics was administered to 274 doctors and 400 members of the public. Each item was scored on a Likert scale (0 = not important, to 4 = absolutely essential). RESULTS: The public regarded being 1. knowledgeable and 2. keeping up-to-date most important; physicians regarded being 1. honest and 2. responsible and trustworthy as the two most important items. There was significant difference (p < 0.001) between physicians 'and the public' item ratings for 13 of the 25 items. The public rated cognitive qualities most highly; the ethical domain was most important to doctors. Healthcare consumers were significantly more concerned than doctors about domains of emotional regulation, and communication. Overall, the two groups had strong agreement on the rank order of both items and domains (Spearman r, 0.88 and 0.91). CONCLUSION: Medical education should inculcate the values and qualities desired by both the medical profession and public. Basic medical knowledge and reasoning are of prime importance; moral-ethical issues and communication skills should also be emphasised. Selection criteria for admission to medical school should also consider humanistic, non-cognitive traits.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Ethical codes and the health professions: looking at the ACHCA code.

Codes play an important role in both the development of professions as well as provide ethical guidance for their members. They should be recognized as an aggregate "best" effort to define the moral expectations and boundaries of professional behavior and practice. In addition, they cannot and should not be viewed as a means of policing professional standards given their lack of formal legal backing. Finally, they should be amended as needed. With respect to the ACHCA Code, while not attempting to be overly specific and allowing for reasonable professional interpretation, it is well designed and addresses most of the major attributes found in such formal statements. Coupled with parallel documents addressing "standards of practice" and a more detailed listing of "patients rights," long-term care professionals should be prepared to meet most of the difficult professional challenges facing them.

Ethics, Professional↗
PubMed1993

Creating the future. Nurses can shape their profession by getting involved in healthcare reform.

To remain relevant in a reformed healthcare system, nurses will have to redefine and remake themselves. Three aspects of the new healthcare age--megahospitals, managed care, and redefined professional roles--will have a significant impact on healthcare professions, including nursing. Across the United States hospitals are merging to form sophisticated networks that provide a continuum of care. Under this delivery model, nurses will play a variety of new roles and work collaboratively with the entire spectrum of health social service professionals. A related development--the growth of managed care--is an increasingly attractive option among large employers. It will also accelerate changes in the way healthcare professionals work. Managed care will force physicians to enter into appropriate group affiliations and hospitals to reconfigure themselves to meet the needs of a dynamic system that no longer requires yesterday's beds or management structures. The future will force healthcare professionals to go through regular, radical changes in their job requirements. But it will also allow nurses and others to emerge from their task-oriented past and take on work that requires them to think, judge, and intervene.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1993

The pace of change. New roles and challenges redefine the nursing profession.

The speed at which a profession is changing can be gauged by the number of new roles its members play. By this measure, nursing has undergone a revolution over the past decade. Although nurses continue to devote much of their time to direct patient care, most of them also have roles as care planners, managers, educators, and even counselors. In many cases, moreover, nurses today do work and address problems that few would have identified as part of "nursing" 10 years ago. This photo essay presents three examples of nontraditional roles in nursing.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1992

Pharmacy staff training and development: upside-down thinking in a changing profession.

We suggest that the most fundamental change in staff development that must occur is recognition of the need for a professional belief system as the basis for any pharmaceutical care activity. Values derived from fundamental moral ideals and professional beliefs foster the development of attitudes and behaviors. It would be wrong to suggest or imply that such a change need only occur in postbaccalaureate training. The development of personal and professional value systems in existing primary professional training programs is inadequate--we do not yet do enough to develop people before they enter practice. Nevertheless, to say that this failure of the professional education system precludes us from taking action within professional departments is unwise. The primary skills that must be developed during the next decade involve the ability of the practitioner to competently make informed, patient-specific decisions necessary for effective pharmaceutical care. Such decisions are made not only on the basis of a practitioner's knowledge but on the basis of his or her beliefs and values as well. The practitioner also must be willing to assume responsibility for the consequences of those decisions. The pharmacist who professes to deliver pharmaceutical care can no longer be shielded by assigning to the physician the ultimate responsibility for the patient's drug-therapy outcomes. Facilitating the development of a value system and attitude that enhance the pharmacist's ability to make such decisions must be a principal focus of staff training and development in the coming years.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Education, Pharmacy, Continuing↗
PubMed1994

Burnout and the nursing profession.

The nursing profession is extremely stressful. Career nurses are at risk of burnout from long-term exposure to overwhelming demands. The process of burnout creates serious consequences for both employees and their organizations. The employee with burnout can experience serious emotional and physical problems that can potentially lower productivity. Although the process of burnout has been examined, little has been done to determine the organizational and individual features that may distinguish between low, moderate, and high levels of burnout. This article attempts to explain the process of burnout, different levels of burnout, and organizational and attitudinal factors that may affect burnout. If specific job-related factors increase the likelihood of burnout, then the modification of these factors might actually decrease the incidence of burnout.

Burnout, Professional↗
PubMed1994

1994 survey--healthcare materiel management and central service professions.

Our 1994 professional survey shows an industry in flux. Institutions seem to be getting smaller, job tenure is shrinking for CS managers and materiel managers are convinced there will be fewer of them around. Salaries seem to be flattening for materiel managers, female materiel managers are being financially discriminated against and CS managers, though making more money, are losing benefits. Job dissatisfaction appears to be on the rise for both professions.

Central Supply, Hospital↗
PubMed1995

Psychological types of health administration students: suggestions for teaching, learning, and the future of the profession.

In this article, the configurations of psychological types that exist among a sample of 393 American graduate health administration students are analyzed. These data are compared to the psychological type characteristics of both university-level faculty and practicing health care administrators. Important insights can be derived from these comparisons in terms of teaching and learning in health administration programs, and they serve as a foundation for a coming transformation within the profession of health services administration.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

From vision to reality--managing change in the provision of library and information services to nurses, midwives, health visitors and PAMs: (professions allied to medicine) a case study of the North Thames experience with the Inner London Consortium.

One of the North Thames' pioneering consortia, the Inner London Consortium (ILC) is a complex body which includes NHS Trusts with teaching hospital university connections, community-based Trusts and general hospital acute Trusts. Within the consortium there are 12,000 trained nurses, midwives, health visitors and other professional staff working in the professions allied to medicine (PAMs), all of whom require access to and provision of appropriate library information services. In 1994, taking into account experiences elsewhere in the Region and nationally, it became clear that library issues were complex and would become acute with the move of nursing libraries from ILC Trust sites over a very short timescale. A report on the issues commissioned by the Consortium recommended that a library project, which built on existing NHS Trust PGMDE funded library resources and moved these to a multidisciplinary base to serve the consortium membership, be implemented. The objective of providing access to library information services for nurses and PAMs was achieved. Successes that emerged from the implementation included: The registration in Trust libraries of almost 12 000 new members within the initial 6-month monitoring period. The development of service level agreements and standards for the delivery of services to these new user groups. This paper describes the processes behind these significant and complex changes.

Allied Health Personnel↗
PubMed1997

[The visual perception of the elements of technical drawings among masking distractions in advanced and nonadvanced students in the building and architectural professions].

To investigation were submitted the particularities of the process of visual perception of technical drawings and schemes in advanced and backward pupils, who were mastering the specialties of "building and architecture", "hydroconstruction", "transport construction", "geodesy". The time was registered, which was necessary to advanced and backward pupils for unveiling the different elements in the drawing, scheme, and such attributes of the drawing as: orientation, length, curves of the lined, the boundary between them; time for identification of the specific designations, symbols, group of symbols, elements of the sketch from the simple to the complex ones. The results of the investigations revealed that in the advanced pupils the perception (unveiling) of the different elements of the technical drawing proceeded very rapidly, almost automatically. In the backward pupils this process elapsed reliably more slowly. It was demonstrated that the growing up pupils, who were distinguished with more rapid perception of the different elements of the drawing (advanced ones) more rapidly and more exactly dealt with solution of the technical tasks as compared with these, who more slowly unveiled the looked for elements (backwardness). Some other individual particularities were also established with respect to the visual perception of the elements of the technical drawing and its properties in advanced and backward pupils who were mastering the investigated professions.

Architecture↗
PubMed1978

Physicians urged to regain control of profession.

Physician responsibility--to patients, colleagues, the profession, and himself--was discussed at the annual Congress on Medical Education. Physicians were urged to provide decisive leadership in society; take the initiative in CME; and participate in all aspects of physician performance evaluation, including support for impaired physician programs. Possible problems faced by hospitals due to new restrictions on FMGs were discussed, as well as who will replace FMGs.

Clinical Competence↗
PubMed1980

Clinical psychology: an independent profession.

There are few clinical psychologists, just over 1,000 in the NHS in England and Wales. Derek Thomas, Bernard Kat and Frank McPherson review the profession and argue that it should be organised on a district basis.

England↗
PubMed1980

Physiotherapy: the roots of a profession.

Sixty years after their Royal Charter was granted by King George V, physiotherapists are proud to acknowledge their heritage and traditions. Bob Bryant, secretary of the Chartered Society of Physiotherapy takes us through its history to the present, to a vigorous and expanding profession already looking forward to its centenary.

Physical Therapy Modalities↗
PubMed1980

Public Health Service--financial distress grants to health profession schools. Final regulations.

The Public Health Service is issuing regulations to implement the program of financial distress grants to health professions schools to assist them in meeting their costs of operation, if they are in serious financial distress, or in meeting accreditation requirements, if they have a special need for assistance in meeting these requirements, and to carry out appropriate operational, managerial, and financial reforms. These grants are authorized under the Public Health Service Act.

Schools, Health Occupations↗
PubMed1984

Nuclear weapons, nuclear war and the health professions. Curriculum development in medical schools.

The role of health care professionals in educating the public and policymakers about nuclear weapons, nuclear war and issues involved in preventing thermonuclear warfare is increasing. It is based on the professional and ethical responsibility to promote public health and prevent epidemic disease and death wherever possible. In the case of nuclear war, which has been called "the final epidemic," increased public knowledge is a primary method of working for its prevention. Policymakers in the United States and internationally are turning to physicians and scientists with important questions about the effects of nuclear war, questions about human behavior under stress, questions about long term ecological effects and survivability, and questions about technical aspects of the weapons themselves. The profession itself is asking questions about its proper role in these issues and the ethical basis for political activity on behalf of public health. Thus, concerned physicians are seeking education in these areas. Many medical schools have developed courses, one of which is described here. Consensus on a core curriculum has been achieved and curriculum materials are now available.

Curriculum↗