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Results for “PRESBYOPIA”

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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Speechreading with reduced vision: a problem of aging.

Presbycusis, a progressive loss of hearing in the elderly, causes people to become dependent on vision for understanding spoken language at the same time that visual disorders of aging compromise their vision. This combination of sensory losses disrupts the lives of millions of elderly Americans but remains virtually unstudied. We tested the ability of hearing and hearing-impaired adults to understand sentences spoken by an actress without sound. She was seen through various amounts of dioptric blur. Both young and elderly adults were relatively unaffected by as much as 4 D of blur. They quickly adjusted to new levels of blur, showing improved performance within a few minutes. Ocular pathologies altered the effect of blur on speechreading.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[A simplified screening test for the identification of individuals with diminished vision in developing countries].

Simple but effective tests have been produced for screening subjects with low vision in developing countries. These tests of distance and near vision, based on the E test, were evaluated and validated in trials with people aged 4-90 years, and have been field tested in the health, education and rehabilitation services in 32 developing countries. Their sensitivity and specificity as screening tools for low vision have been calculated: sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 96% for the distance vision test, and sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 84% for the near vision test. The content and format of the tests have been demonstrated to be appropriate for developing countries, and their effectiveness for screening for low vision has been confirmed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Vision and hearing loss in older adults: "Double trouble".

Recent studies indicate that by age seventy, 21% of the people living in the United States have both vision and hearing loss. Dual sensory loss in the elderly has a significant effect on an individual's ability to socialize, communicate with others, and live independently. This article addresses the issues faced by older individuals who are hard of hearing and blind or visually impaired. Common causes and behavioral signs of hearing and vision loss are discussed. An emphasis is placed on the functional implications of the dual sensory impairment and possible accommodations and communication strategies are outlined

Aged↗
PubMed1990

Changes in resident mix in nursing homes: cognitive and sensory data from a (redesigned) sampling plan.

In planning and implementing a study, we unintentionally and serendipitously obtained data about changes in resident mix over a 2.8-yr. period. We screened residents of a 184-bed nursing home for cognition and sensorium in October 1984 to assess sampling feasibility for a grant proposal in preparation. At that time, 65.2% of the residents met the sampling criteria. However, in July/August 1987, after award of funding, only 5.4% of residents of the same nursing home met the cognitive and sensory criteria. We were forced to recruit from an additional six nursing homes, in which only 9.3% of residents met the sampling criteria.

Aged↗
PubMed1997

Patients' task-orientation and perceived benefit of amplification in hearing-impaired elderly persons.

This study investigated the reported handicap of 50 elderly hearing-impaired patients who were classified as high or low in task-orientation. Measures of perceived handicap were taken when subjects were fitted with hearing aids and three months later. Analysis indicated that subjects classified as both high and low on task-orientation reported significant increases in their hearing impairment at 3 mo., but subjects classified as high on task-orientation reported significantly less handicap than subjects classified as low.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Monovision laser in situ keratomileusis for pre-presbyopic and presbyopic patients.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the outcome and success of refractive surgery in pre-presbyopic and presbyopic patients with monovision after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK). METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of 748 eyes of 374 patients over 35 years of age treated in one or both eyes for a monovision outcome using the Alcon LADARVision 4000 laser. Analysis of age at the time of surgery, gender, bilateral versus unilateral treatment, targeted outcome, and patient acceptance are reported. RESULTS: The success rate of monovision patients in this study was 92.5%. Acceptance rate was higher in older patients, although there was no significantly greater acceptance of monovision for any of the variables studied (P values >.26). CONCLUSIONS: Monovision is a valuable option for pre-presbyopic and presbyopic patients considering refractive surgery.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Amplitude of accommodation and its relation to refractive errors.

AIMS: To evaluate the relationship between amplitude of accommodation and refractive errors in the peri-presbyopic age group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three hundred and sixteen right eyes of 316 consecutive patients in the age group 35-50 years who attended our outpatient clinic were studied. Emmetropes, hypermetropes and myopes with best-corrected visual acuity of 6/6 J1 in both eyes were included. The amplitude of accommodation (AA) was calculated by measuring the near point of accommodation (NPA). In patients with more than +/- 2 diopter sphere correction for distance, the NPA was also measured using appropriate soft contact lenses. RESULTS: There was a statistically significant difference in AA between myopes and hypermetropes (P < 0.005) and between myopes and emmetropes (P < 0.005) in the 35-39 year age group. In the 40-44 year age group, there was a significant difference in AA between emmetropes and hypermetropes (P < 0.0001), emmetropes and myopes (P < 0.01) and hypermetropes and myopes (P < 0.0001). In patients above 45 years of age there was no significant difference (P > 0.5). CONCLUSION: Our study showed higher amplitude of accommodation among myopes between 35 and 44 years compared to emmetropes and hypermetropes.

Accommodation, Ocular↗
PubMed1999

Clinical assessment of the piggyback bifocal contact lens system.

PURPOSE: We performed a qualitative and quantitative assessment of contact lens performance at 1 and 6 months among 24 patients enrolled in the Piggyback Bifocal Contact Lens Study. METHODS: We fit 24 presbyopic patients with the Piggyback Bifocal Contact Lens System (i.e., a plano soft lens with a 9.4 mm cutout portion on which a bifocal RGP lens rides or "piggybacks"). Patients were evaluated prior to inclusion in the study and then at one month and six months after obtaining their lenses. Evaluations included slit lamp examination, evaluation of visual acuity at near and distance, and subjective rating of the patients' comfort. RESULTS: At one month, 61% of patients had Snellen acuities of 20/30 or better, 79% had near acuities of J2 or better, and 60% rated their comfort as good or very good. At six months, 100% of patients had Snellen acuities of 20/30 or better, 90% had near acuities of J2 or better, and 86% of patients rated their comfort as good or better. Twelve patients did not complete the study due to their decision to drop the study. CONCLUSIONS: The Piggyback Bifocal Contact Lens System is a well-tolerated, satisfactory means of optical correction for the motivated presbyope.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Role of ciliary muscle in ocular physiology and disease].

The ciliary muscle is the largest intraocular muscle. It is characterized by a complex structure, rich blood supply, and high activity, particularly in the daytime, when visual work is performed, and even during night sleep. The activity of the ciliary muscle involves the adjacent structures. In fact, it continuously massages the anterior and median segments of the eye. Presbiopia leads to a decrease in the activity of the ciliary muscle, deteriorates blood circulation in it, and accelerates age-associated involution processes. Presbiopia is believed to be a risk factor for glaucoma, cataract, and some other dystrophic processes. The role of the ciliary muscle in health and disease is still to be investigated.

Ciliary Body↗
PubMed1999

Comparison between anti-reflection-coated and uncoated spectacle lenses for presbyopic highway patrol troopers.

BACKGROUND: The use of anti-reflection coatings (AR) for spectacle lenses is steadily increasing. These ultra-thin coatings reduce reflections in lenses, increasing light transmittance about 8% (from 91% to 99%). Patient reports of crisper detail and brighter environment indicate that this perceived increase in visual function would probably be of benefit to many, including highway patrolmen who must make daily judgments on the basis of fine visual detail. METHODS: Nineteen presbyopic Missouri State Highway Patrolmen (MSHP) participated in this crossover study. Subjects randomly wore Varilux Comfort progressive addition lenses in CR-39 that were uncoated or AR-coated. The AR coating was Crizal. Subjects wore each lens for 1 month, then compared the lenses directly for 1 week. Data were collected for lens scoring (both general and job specific) and lens preferences. RESULTS: The AR-coated lens was found to be significantly better in most categories. Reduction in glare and reflections during the day, night, indoors, and in the patrol vehicle--as well as improvement in overall night vision--were highly significant. Eighty-nine percent of the subjects chose the Crizal-coated lenses as their overall preferred lens. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study appear to demonstrate a noticeable subjective preference for AR-coated lenses when used by a group engaged in a visually demanding occupation.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Monovision and LASIK.

BACKGROUND: Many LASIK patients are early and mid-presbyopes. Monovision is commonly targeted for these patients because of demographics. Considerations are reduced stereopsis, reduced acuity, night driving, and liability. CASE REPORTS: Case studies are used to illustrate contact lens and alternative trials for presbyopic and prepresbopic monovision LASIK patients. CONCLUSION: A preoperative monovision contact lens trial can be used to demonstrate monovision effects to the candidate for refractive surgery. Selection of add power, selection of distance and near eye, residual astigmatism, management, and gradual transistioning with regards to adaptation are discussed.

Cornea↗
PubMed1999

Prospective clinical evaluation of the Acuvue Bifocal contact lens.

PURPOSE: We conducted a 15-month prospective clinical studyto evaluate the performance of the Acuvue Bifocal contact lens and to determine the objective and subjective factors that influence patient success rates in a general presbyopic population presenting to a contact lens specialist's office. METHODS: The first 100 patients who were initially fit and dispensed the Acuvue Bifocal contact lens are included in this study data. At each follow-up visit, visual acuity, slit lamp evaluation of lens/cornea relationship, and any change in ocular surface characteristics were noted. The study population was a general population with an interest in wearing disposable multifocal contact lenses. Success was defined as the patient actually purchasing the lens for continual wear. RESULTS: The overall success rate with the lens in this diverse study group was 53%. The majority of the successful patients achieved 20/25 or better distance and near acuity with the Acuvue Bifocal. None of the study participants had any adverse effect of lens wear or changes in keratometry or ocular surface characteristics. Of the successful patients, 57% wore the lens in a binocular fashion, while the remainder used some form of monovision. Virtually all patients rated lens comfort as excellent or very good, with the major factor in success or failure being visual performance. CONCLUSIONS: This prospective study in an average group of presbyopic contact lens or spectacle wearers yielded valuable insights into the performance of a disposable multifocal contact lens in a general contact lens practice. The Acuvue Bifocal should prove to be a valuable addition to the contact lens fitter's practice.

Adult↗