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PubMed1999

[Studies on the incidence of echinococcus multilocularis in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) in north-east, central and south of Poland].

During the year 1994-1997, a total number of 1042 red foxes orginating from the 33 provinces North-East, Central and South of Poland under special safety procautions for intestinal stages of Echinococcus multilocularis using the mucosal-smer technique were examined. An average of 5.09% (53 foxes) from 10 provinces was infected. In those provinces, the prevalance varied between 1.19% to 35.71%. The infection varied from low to very high but mostly harboured gravid E. multilocularis parasites with thick-shelled eggs. Our data indicate that E. multilocularis in foxes has a surprisingly wide distribution in Poland. These new epidemiological data indicate that a potential risk of infection for humans may exists in all areas where foxes infected with E. multilocularis have been identified. It has been assumed that E. multilocularis might also occur in other provinces in which foxes examination have not yet been undertaken or number examined of animals was low. This study was supported by a two grands from the Swiss National Foundation (projects No 7PLPJ038414 and 7PLPJ041302).

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Exensivity of invasion Fasciola hepatica L. in cattle in the period 1957-1998 and valuation of losses caused by staggers disease among cattle in Poland, 1995-1997].

On the background of informations about frequency of appearance Fasciola hepatica L. among cattle in Poland in the time from 1995-1997, as well es in the former period, there is presented in the article an estimative apperiation of economical losses caused by staggers disease among cattle. The highest extensiveness of invasion of F. hepatica L. among cattle was noticed in the fifties and sixties manty in the north-eastern Poland. Losses caused by confiscation of a liver to amounted to 1 197 031 zł in 1995, 1 277 154 zł in 1996 and 1 312 078 zł in 1997.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Echinococcosis in humans in Poland and in the world. An introduction to the session on echinococcosis].

The activities of Associacion International de Hidatidologia, Informal WHO Working Groups on Research in Echinocooccosis and Japanese parasitologists group in Hokkaido are summarized. Progress in studying both cystic and alveolar echinococcoses in Poland is reviewed. In the last five years at the University of Medical Sciences in Poznań Poland echinococcosis was a subject of three MD thesis and habilitation for docent degree.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Prevalence of the hydatidosis among swine in Poland during the period 1994-1997].

The authors present an extensiveness of invasion of hydatidosis among swine in Poland. It is ascertained that a hydatidosis among swine appeared most often in the Eastern Poland. The analysis of these data shows that the percent infected animals, the highest extensiveness of invasion hydatidosis among swine occur in the districts Zamość, Lomza and Chełm.

Animal Husbandry↗
PubMed2003

[Is the parasite fauna of Poland well recognized?].

The studies of parasite fauna have in Poland a long tradition. Generally the helmint fauna of all groups of vertebrates was more or less examined and as much as over 100 species of Monogenea, almost 400 Digenea, over 250 Cestoda, about 500 Nematoda and 32 Acanthocephala have been recorded. The best recognized are the helminths of fish (especially those of Cyprinidae, Esocidae, Percidae and Salmonidae), frogs examined in various regions of Poland, some birds (especially connected with water environment: Anseriformes, Ciconiformes, Podicipediformes), most of insectivores (although examined only in few localities), European bisons, deers, foxes and wild boars (all under permanent monitoring), as well as domestic animals (cattle, horses, sheeps) and pets. Such groups like some amphibians, reptiles, bats, carniwores, some birds (especially Passeriformes, Charadriiformes, falcons and eagles) need further exploration, as some host species were not the subject of parasitological investigation. In some cases it will be rather difficult goal, as most of these animals are under strict preservation, and only dead (naturally or accidentally) specimens can be autopsied.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Digenean fauna of the great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1798) in the brackish waters of the Vistula Lagoon and the Gulf of Gdańsk (Poland).

The great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo sinensis (Blumenbach, 1798) is one of the most important birds in the Vistula Lagoon and the Gulf of Gdańsk area. As a typical piscivore, the bird plays a significant part in life cycles of parasites in aquatic ecosystems. Within January 2000-June 2001, a complete helminthological examination was performed on great cormorants collected in the nesting area at Katy Rybackie on the Vistula Spit (80 specimens) and in the Vistula Lagoon (10 specimens). The infection prevalence, mean intensity, and intensity range were 92.2%, 376.5, and 1-4524, respectively. The presence of 9 digenean species (Paryphostomum radiatum (Dujardin, 1845), Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909, P. phalacrocoracis (Yamaguti, 1939), Mesorchis pseudoechinatus (Olsson, 1876), Metorchis xanthosomus (Creplin, 1846), Cryptocotyle concavum (Creplin, 1825), Hysteromorpha triloba (Rudolphi, 1819), Tylodelphys clavata (Nordmann, 1832), and Holostephanus dubinini Vojtek et Vojtkova, 1968) was recorded, P. phalacrocoracis being the most common parasite (prevalence 92.2%, mean intensity 323.8). Tylodelplhys clavata proved a parasite new for the great cormorant moreover the records of P. phalacrocoracis, H. triloba, and H. dubinini are the first in Poland, while C. concavum and M. pseudoechinatus were for the first time recorded in the great cormorant in Poland.

Animals↗
PubMed2001

[Development of the ELISA kit for the detection of Hypoderma bovis antibodies in cattle. II. Setting the best terms for collecting blood samples for the laboratory diagnosis of hypodermyiasis in different regions of Poland].

The experiments were carried out on 285 cows from 10 herds from different regions of Poland. Extensity of the H. bovis invasion in each herd varied from 10 to 86%. The highest extensity appeared in herds from eastern and north-eastern Poland and the lowest in herds from southern and central regions of the country. Seroconversion of Hypoderma bovis antibodies was calculated for animals in which warbles were detected by clinical examination. The highest serum densities were observed in herds in March, April and May. The results of these investigations demonstrated that the best term for collecting blood samples to examine cattle for hypodermosis is the winter-spring season.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[The value of prophylactic serological tests for syphilis in the region of Białystok in years 1994-2004 (before and after the introducing the health care system reform in Poland)].

The prophylactic serological tests for syphilis (psts), belong to the principal methods of controling the spread of the disease. The aim of the study was to to analyze the epidemiological efficacy of psts performed in Bialystok region before and after the health care system reform. The results of psts performed in 1994-1998 (N = 752.787) and in 1999-2004 (N = 407.366) were analyzed. The average annual number of psts declined from 150.557 to 68.687 in two periods analyzed, respectively. The lowest number of tests performed (51.654) was noticed in 2004. Sixty-one of 117 (52.14%) and 30 of 52 (57.97%) syphilis cases have been detected owing to psts in two periods analyzed, respectively. The efficacy index of psts was highest in convicts or prisoners and in pregnant women in both periods (172,1 and 134,6 and 67,9 and 50,7, respectively). The significant decline in efficacy index was noticed for tests performed as periodic prophylactic examinations of employees and prior to employment. The results indicate that psts remain one of the most efficient methods of diagnosis and prevention of syphilis despite the decline in the number of the tests and the formal renouncement of the screening among convicts and prisoners since 2003. Low syphilis incidence rate in Poland can be, in part, own to diminished number of performed tests. There is a need for the parallel studies in other regions of Poland.

Female↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Analysis of the seasonality of birth effect in schizophrenic patients in Poland with the application of the seasonal decomposition method].

INTRODUCTION: Seasonality of the birth of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia is one of the most repetitive phenomena in epidemiological studies on this illness. The paper presents a review of the literature, with an emphasis on the research findings and development of methods used to investigate the phenomenon. AIM: The aim of the study was to analyze the phenomenon of birth seasonality in schizophrenic patients in the Polish population, using new methods of the seasonal decomposition analysis. METHODS: The study utilized birth dates of 13,668 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia according to the ICD-10 criteria, and discharged from all psychiatric hospitals in Poland in the years 1997-2000. The data on live births in the general population as published by the Main Statistical Office served as the reference group. 7,432,803 people were born in Poland in the years 1964-1976. Efforts were made to minimize the age-related incidence effect. In order to eliminate seasonal variations resulting from deviations in the number of births in the general population, an indicator of the number of births of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia per 10 thousand live births in the general population was created. A time series of 156 monthly observations covering the period of 13 years was produced. The data were analyzed using the Census II X- 11 method, one of the most recent methods to analyze time series and seasonal decomposition. RESULTS: The results confirm a 5-8% birth excess for schizophrenia in December and January.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[The occurrence of fasciola hepatica in chosen regions of Poland based on molecular and serological methods].

Fasciolosis, caused by the liver fluke (Fasciola hepatica) is an important issue for both human and animal health. The disease evokes economic losses which are a consequence of impaired animal productivity leading to higher costs of meat and milk production, as well as liver condemnation. The goals of this thesis were to: (1) elaborate a molecular method--PCR for the detection of F. hepatica DNA in intermediate and definite hosts; (2) estimate the usefulness of a recombinated cysteine proteinase produced in E. coli in the form of inclusive bodies in serological diagnosis of F. hepatica infection in definite hosts, using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); (3) conduct field research on the prevalence of infection among intermediate and definitive hosts (cattle) in chosen regions of Poland, utilizing the elaborated methods. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was established that it is possible to detect F. hepatica DNA in the feces of definite hosts with the elaborated PCR method. The amplification of a 124 base pair tandem repeat allows the detection of fluke larval stages in intermediate hosts within 12 hours of exposure and F. hepatica infection in definite hosts (by the 5th week in rats, 8th week in sheep and 10th week in cattle). Therefore, the PCR test is more sensitive than traditional microscopic methods. Furthermore, it was determined that, the recombinated cysteine proteinase in the form of inclusive bodies, after solubillization exhibits antigenic properties of the native protein and the ELISA method based on this antigen may be useful as a tool for diagnosing fasciolosis in sheep and cattle, in both serum and milk samples. The test achieves a greater sensitivity and specificity than an ELISA based on native excretory-secretory antigens. The results of field research indicate that Fasciola hepatica is a frequent parasite of cattle in central and eastern Poland. The mean prevalence was 34.86% (+/- 16.95) in all studied areas. The prevalence among intermediate hosts varied greatly (0-100%). The elaborated tests were proved to be valuable, mutually complementing diagnostic tools, applicable to different epidemiological situations.

Animals↗
PubMed2006

[Occupational diseases in Poland, 2005].

BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper was to present basic statistical data on occupational diseases diagnosed and certified in 2005. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This work is based on the data compiled from "Occupational Disease Reporting Forms" received by the Central Register of Occupational Diseases in 2005. The data comprised information on individual diseases, gender and age of patients, and duration of occupational exposure to harmful agents responsible for the development of specified pathologies. These data were further classified by sectors of the national economy and voivodships (provinces). The incidence was specified in terms of the number of cases per 100,000 paid employees and per 100,000 employed persons. RESULTS: In Poland, the number of occupational diseases diagnosed in 2005 accounted for 3249 cases. The incidence rate was 34.8 cases per 100,000 paid employees. The highest incidence rates were noted for: chronic disorders of the voice organ (7.3 per 100,000), pneumoconioses (7.2), infectious and parasitic diseases (6.6) and permanent bilateral hearing loss (3.6). As much as 73.0% of patients affected by occupational diseases had been exposed to harmful agents for more than 20 years. In the industrial sectors of the national economy, the highest incidence was noted among workers employed in the mining industry (281.7 cases per 100,000 paid employees), particularly in coal mining (325.2). The highest incidence rates were recorded in the Podlaskie (87.3), Lubelskie (82.1), and Silesian (66.3) voivodships. CONCLUSION The incidence of occupational diseases in Poland continues to abate. The downward trend is primarily due to a lower incidence of chronic diseases of the voice organ and hearing loss. However, an increased number of cases of infectious and parasitic diseases, mainly borreliosis, was revealed.

Environmental Monitoring↗
PubMed2006

[Costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work in Poland].

BACKGROUND: The costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work in the state members of the European Union keep at a level of several percent of their gross national product (GNP). Employees, employers and the society as a whole have to incur this financial burden. Therefore, all social partners should be involved in the improvement of health and safety in the work environment through their concerted efforts. It should be pointed out that information in the field of economy is an inherent instrument of all activities. It allows to estimate economic consequences of occupational diseases and accidents at work as well as to formulate future strategies. The aim of this study was to estimate and assess the range of the expenditure of money on occupational diseases and accidents at work in Poland in 2004. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The algorithm for estimating economic consequences of occupational diseases and accidents at work was developed, taking into account, e.g., the selected components of the costs, the estimation of economic consequences for the national economy, and the costs incurred by employers and social insurance institutions. In addition, the model for estimating economic consequences and defining the range of expenditure of money on occupational diseases and accidents at work relative to indicators of socioeconomic situation of the country was constructed. Economic consequences are understood as costs incurred by the health care and social insurance systems in Poland, institutions, companies, and individual employees. RESULTS: The following cost components were estimated: the average-annual costs of lost production, sickness benefits, social insurance benefits and those incurred by enterprises related with accidents at work and occupational diseases. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the lack of complete, reliable information essential for estimating economic consequences, a number of assumptions and study limitations were accepted. The range of identified and estimated costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work was set relative to GNP and to the value added in the national economy. Bearing in mind that the costs of occupational diseases and accidents at work are underestimated, it can be concluded that their share in values characteristic of the national economy do not depart from average values recorded in European countries.

Accidents, Occupational↗
PubMed2006

Effect of meteorological factors on Betula, Fraxinus and Quercus pollen concentrations in the atmosphere of Lublin and Szczecin, Poland.

The aim of the study was to compare the concentration of 3 allergenic taxa pollen (ash, birch and oak) in the cities of Lublin (eastern Poland) and Szczecin (western Poland) during the years 2004 and 2005 and examine correlations between weather factors and pollen concentration. The meteorological parameters analysed were maximum and mean air temperature, relative humidity, amount of precipitation and wind speed. Measurements were performed by the volumetric method (Lanzoni 2000 pollen sampler). Pollen seasons were defined as the period in which 95 % of the total catch occurred. The pollen seasons of the studied taxa started earlier in Szczecin than in Lublin. In both cities much higher Betula pollen concentration and slightly higher Fraxinus pollen concentration were recorded in 2004 compared to 2005. But for Quercus, higher concentrations were recorded in Lublin and in Szczecin in 2005. Annual totals and maximum daily pollen grain concentrations of the tree taxa in question were higher in Lublin than in Szczecin. In 2005, maximum Betula and Fraxinus pollen concentrations occurred in each of the cities at the same time: in Lublin on 18 April, in Szczecin on 16 April. Among the meteorological parameters analysed, maximum temperature and relative humidity belong to the most important factors which affect ash, birch and oak pollen concentrations in the air.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2006

Post-exposure anti-rabies prophylaxis in Lublin province (Eastern Poland) in 2004-2005.

Rabies is considered a disease of the highest mortality rate and all humans are vulnerable to infection. Specific anti-rabies immunoprophylaxis is the only efficient method of protection. The analysis of indications for active alone and active and passive immunization among patients reported to the dispensary of rabies prophylaxis in the Department of Infectious Diseases of Medical University of Lublin (eastern Poland) in 2004-2005 is presented. Prophylactic procedures were applied in 120 persons (14.98 % of overall number consulted). Passive immunization, i.e. rabies immune globulin, was administered in 1 person (0.12 %). In 2004, 64 persons (7.99 %) received active vaccination, and 56 patients (6.99 %) were vaccinated in 2005. Most of vaccinated patients lived in an urban area where the risk of rabies should be lower; however, in cities like Lublin there is a higher risk of being bitten by homeless animals. The most common species with rabies suspicion were dogs and cats. The decrease in the number of patients bitten by animals with confirmed rabies in Lublin province, and of the number of cases of animal rabies may indicate that oral vaccination of red foxes, representing a main reservoir of rabies virus in Poland, has been shown to be effective.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2006

[Sexual behaviour among adolescents aged 16- and 18-years in Poland in 2005].

OBJECTIVES: Presentation of: frequency of sexual debut and its age among 16- and 18-year-olds; number of sexual partners and use contraception methods among sexually active adolescents. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Representative sample of adolescents aged 16 and 18 years in Poland, students of different type of high schools (N=2893; 1490 boys, 1403 girls) was used. Four questions concerning sexual behaviour were included in anonymous questionnaire and were derived from U.S. the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS). RESULTS: Among 18-year-olds 49.9% of boys and 47.3% of girls reported sexual debut with mean age 16.5 and 16.8 years respectively. 26.4% of students have had sexual intercourse at age 15 years or earlier. The frequency of sexual initiation increased with age, was higher among adolescents living in towns than in villages and was the highest among vocational school students. 26.3% of adolescents had three or more and 8,8% had six or more sexual partners. 11.1% of sexually active adolescents reported that either they or their partners had use any method of contraception during their last sexual intercourse. The most common contraception methods used was condom (it was reported by 82.9% of boys and 75.2% of girls). 41.1% of adolescents used ineffective methods: withdrawal and "natural methods". CONCLUSIONS: Approximately half of 18-year-olds started their sexual life. There is not gender differences in sexual debut frequency. The risk of unwanted pregnancy, STDs infections and other sexual and reproductive health problems is the highest among girls living in towns and students of vocational schools. The development of family planning and sexual and reproductive health services for young people in Poland is necessary.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[Occurrence of intestinal parasites among elementary school children in Poland in 1988].

In 1988 there were examined in Poland 10% of the population of children aged 7 years for the presence of intestinal parasites. The examination included 61,700 children, 39,018 inhabiting towns and 22,682 from the country. Among the examined in each province the numbers of children from towns and country were proportional to the actual number of children living in the two localities. The methods included examination of direct faecal smear in 0.85% NaCl and in Lugol's iodine, zinc sulphate flotation according to Faust, decantation and cellophane swabs according to NIH. The parasites encountered in order of decreasing frequency comprised: E. vermicularis, T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides, G. intestinalis and E. coli. The highest number of infected children were found in the middle-eastern territories of Poland. The differences in numbers of infected in towns and the country were insignificant.

Child↗
PubMed1991

[Arthropods found on European beaver (Castor fiber L.) in Poland].

In July 1988, arthropods from 6 Castor fiber were collected at Popielno near Ruciane. Schizocarpus numerosus Dub., S. fedjushini Dub., S. brachyurus Dub. are new to the fauna of Poland. Ixodes hexagonus Leach (larvae, nymphs, females) is especially numerous. Under-development of the coxa and trochanter of the third left leg was noted in one female. Moreover, Acarus farris (Oud.), Cunaxoides kielczewskii Mich. and unidentified female of the Phytoseiidae were obtained. Cunaxid mites have not been collected hitherto from mammals. At the present time in Poland, 8 species (including Platypsyllus castoris Rit.) of arthropods are found on C. fiber.

Animals↗
PubMed1991

[A case of bringing along Mediterranean ticks Ixodes (Ixodes) festai Rondelli, 1926 (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae) to Poland by migrating birds].

A partly fed female of I. festai was collected from Turdus merula L. caught in Hel Peninsula (Southern Coast of Baltic Sea). This species (known only as females) is a parasite of birds, and inhabits western part of the Mediterranean area. I. festai is a second species after Hyalomma marginatum which probably every spring is transferred by migratory bird into territory of Poland. This finding is the first recorded case of transfer of I. festai to Poland, therefore the description of female is given.

Animals↗