Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PLASTER CASTS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed1979

Total subperiosteal resection treatment of solitary bone cysts of the humerus.

The solitary bone cyst is most frequently located in the upper arm and the average age of the affected patients is between 7 and 9 years, thus perceptibly lower than in cases where solitary bone cyst occurs elsewhere, where the average age is 15. The tendency towards recurrence before 10 years of age is twice as great as the tendency after that age. Investigation of the results obtained from the treatment of 26 patients suffering from solitary bone cyst of the humerus showed a recurrence rate of 55% after curettage and filling-in of the defect with cancellous bone grafts, whereas after total subperiosteal resection and bridging the defect with an autologous tibia graft the corresponding recurrence frequency was 7%. The average duration of the plaster cast fixing period after resection treatment was 18 days longer than after curettage, but the low rate of recurrence in the first-mentioned case makes up for this disadvantage. It is absolutely essential to retain the periosteum in cases of cyst resections. The defect is bridged over by an autologous tibia graft, but fibula grafts are also suitable for bridging the defect. Osteosyntheses are not necessary with latent cysts. In the case of active cysts screws, wire loops, Kirschner wires, and thin Küntscher nails can be used as temporary stabilisation means. Plate osteosyntheses constitute an exception. Complete removal of the cyst by resection is the most certain prophylactic method against recurrence, and hence the most reliable form of treatment of the solitary bone cyst of the humerus.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

Non-invasive treatment of long-bone pseudarthrosis by shock waves (ESWL).

Non-invasive treatment of non-union of diaphyses by application of the shock waves known from lithotripsy has proved successful in three out of four cases. Two thousand shock waves with a single-wave energy of 18 kV were applied by the MFL 5000 and HM3 Lithotripters of the Dornier Medizintechnik Company with manual detection of the lesion. The shock waves induced a kind of callus formation in the non-union soft tissue within about 6 weeks, which was successfully maintained and transformed into bony union in all cases but one by dynamic fixation less rigid than a plaster cast. Four cases are documented and the effects of the shock waves and principles of bony union discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Idiopathic muscular torticollis in adults. Results of open sternocleidomastoid tenotomy.

Eight adult patients who underwent open tenotomy for idiopathic muscular torticollis were evaluated with an average follow-up of 14 years. The age of the patients at operation ranged from 20 to 37 years, with an average of 26 years. The sternal head of the sternocleidomastoid muscle was divided in two patients, both the sternal and the clavicular heads were divided in five patients, and in one patient all three heads were divided. After the operation a Minerva plaster cast was applied with the head hyperextended, bent away from the deformity, and rotated towards the deformity. Neurovascular complications were not observed. Facial asymmetry did not improve after surgery, but at follow-up all the patients had a satisfactory range of motion of the neck, although the radiographic alterations of the cervical spine present before the operation had not improved.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Changes in Na+, K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase, citrate synthase and K+ in sheep skeletal muscle during immobilization and remobilization.

The K+ balance and muscle activity seem to interact in a complex way with regard to regulating the muscle density of Na(+)-K+ pumps. The effect of immobilization was examined in ten sheep that had low muscle K+ content. Three additional sheep served as untreated controls. After being brought from pasture to sheep stalls one hindlimb was immobilized in a plaster splint for 9 weeks, and in five of the animals remobilization was carried out for a further 9 weeks. The weight bearing of the leg in plaster was recorded by a force plate. Open muscle biopsies from the vastus lateralis muscle were obtained before the study, after 9 weeks of immobilization, and after another 9 weeks of remobilization. The Na(+)-K+ pump density was measured as [3H]-ouabain binding to intact tissue, and citrate synthase activity was measured in tissue homogenate. The tissue content of K+ was measured in fat-free dried tissue. Muscle K+ content increased linearly by almost 70% through the 18-week period independent of intervention. Immobilization reduced thigh circumference by 8% (P < 0.05). A slight decrease in the area of type I fibres at 9 weeks and a slight increase at 18-weeks was found. The [3H]-ouabain binding was reduced by 39% and 22% in the immobilized and control legs, respectively, whereas citrate synthase activity was reduced by about 30% in both legs after 9 weeks of immobilization. During remobilization both the [3H]-ouabain binding and the citrate synthase activity increased to the same level as in the control animals. The plaster cast significantly reduced mass bearing of the immobilized leg, and a corresponding reduction in muscle activity must be assumed to have occurred in both legs as judged from citrate synthase activity. We concluded from this study that the reduction in the [3H]-ouabain binding during immobilization independent of an increase in muscle K+ content points to muscle activity as a strong stimulus for control of Na(+)-K+ pump density.

Animals↗
PubMed1977

Development and inhibition of the target phenomenon in tenotomized rat muscle.

The sequence of development of the target phenomenon in tenotomized gastrocnemius muscle was studied: the presence of target fibres was preceded by the occurrence of contraction bands and of "moth eaten" appearance of the fibres. This phenomenon was far more pronounced and occurred earlier in type II than in type I fibres. This target phenomenon and the contraction artefacts could be inhibited in the tenotomized muscles by simultaneous neurotomy or immobilization of the muscle with a plaster cast. Delayed denervation inhibited also the target phenomenon, if performed less than 5 days after the tenotomy. These series of experiments seem to indicate that the target phenomenon occurs in more irritable muscle fibres and that muscular activity is needed for its development.

Animals↗
PubMed1987

Electrically evoked contractions of the triceps surae during and following 21 days of voluntary leg immobilization.

The effects of 21 days voluntary leg (plaster) immobilization on the mechanical properties of the triceps surae have been studied in 11 young female subjects, mean age 19.4 years. The results show that during the period of immobilization the mean time to peak tension (TPT) and half relaxation time (1/2RT) and tension (Pt) of the maximal twitch increased significantly (p less than 0.001) but the effects were short lived. Maximal tension and contraction times of the twitch recovered within 2-14 days following the removal of the plaster cast. The electrically evoked tetanic tensions at 10 Hz and 20 Hz did not change significantly (P greater than 0.1) during immobilization, but the 50 Hz tetanic tension (Po50) and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) were reduced (p less than 0.05). The fall in Po50 and MVC was associated with 10% decrease in the estimated muscle (plus bone) cross-sectional area. The relative (%) change in Po50 and MVC following immobilization was related to the initial physiological status (as indicated by the response of the triceps surae to a standard fatigue test prior to immobilization) of the muscle. The rate of rise and recovery fall of the tetanus were slightly but significantly (p less than 0.01) reduced on day 7 of immobilization, but thereafter remained constant. The isokinetic properties of the triceps surae as reflected in the measured torque/velocity relation of the muscle in 4 subjects did not change significantly if account was taken of the slight degree of atrophy present following immobilization.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Effects of denervation, immobilization and cachexia on fibre size in the anterior tibial muscle of the rat.

The effects of denervation, immobilization and cachexia on the size of the various histochemical fibre types were studied in the anterior tibial muscle of male Wistar rats aged 60-100 days. Denervation was induced by unilateral sectioning of the sciatic nerve, immobilization by a plaster cast on one hindlimb and cachexia by restriction of food intake. In the anterior tibial muscle of the normal rat, three fibre types can be identified by myofibrillar ATPase stain after alkaline preincubation. These fibres were called dark (D-fibres), intermediate (I-fibres) and light fibres (L-fibres), respectively. The I-fibres correspond to the fast-twitch type 2 fibres and the L-fibres to the slow-twitch type 1 fibres. The D-fibres have intermediate characteristics, but they probably belong to the type 2 group. The three fibre types reacted differently to denervation, immobilization and cachexia. Denervation caused progressive atrophy of the D- and I-fibres and almost no change of the L-fibres. Immobilization caused minor reduction in size of the D- and I-fibres during the first days and no change thereafter, whereas the L-fibres showed transitory hypertrophy. Cachexia, on the other hand, resulted in progressive atrophy of all three fibre types but a predominant affection of the D- and I-fibres. The different susceptibilities of the various fibre types suggest different mechanisms for atrophy of muscle in these three conditions.

Adenosine Triphosphatases↗
PubMed1984

Neuromuscular plasticity following limb immobilization.

The effects of immobilization on the ultrastructure of the rat neuromuscular junction of type I and type II muscle fibres were studied both qualitatively and quantitatively. Muscle fibre areas were measured as well. The plantaris muscle was immobilized in a shortened position by applying a plaster cast for three weeks. Immobilized muscles were then compared to normal litter mates. Both type I and type II immobilized muscle fibres atrophied. Endplates from type II muscle fibres exhibited greater amounts of degeneration than type I endplates. Degeneration consisted of nerve terminal disruption, exposed junctional folds, postsynaptic areas which contained little or no postjunctional folds, and subjunctional sarcoplasmic masses. In addition to degeneration, the type II endplates also exhibited regeneration in the same endplate consisting of small terminals associated with large expanses of junctional folds, several small terminals occurring within the same primary synaptic cleft, and several axons wrapped by the same Schwann cell. These observations suggest terminal axonal regeneration. Our results demonstrate that limb immobilization produces muscle atrophy as well as denervation-like changes at the neuromuscular junctions which leads to terminal axonal sprouting and an ultrastructural remodelling.

Animals↗
PubMed1980

[Fractures of the head of the radius in childhood (author's transl)].

In childhood fractures of the head of the radius are typical and frequent. Generally these fractures are in the metaphysis, but a few cases are in the epiphysis. In the follow-up of conservatively treated fractures of the radial head in childhood, the therapeutic alternatives are discussed. The therapeutic procedure must take into account the degree of fragment displacement. Fractures of type I and II according to Judet are treated conservatively, predominantly by means of exact reduction and fixation in a plaster cast. If reduction fails for type III, however, type III and type IV fractures must be operated on at once for sufficient results.

Casts, Surgical↗
PubMed1976

[Spontaneous fractures and tumors (author's transl)].

During childhood, pathologic fractures are found in systemic diseases of the skeleton (e.g. osteogenesis imperfecta or rachitis), but especially when bone tumors or tumorlike changes are present. Conservative measures such as continuous traction and application of a plaster cast lead to healing of the fracture only in a limited number of cases. Treatment of benign and potentially malignant and tumors and of tumorlike growths by excochleation and by resection and subsequent filling of the defect with autologous spongiosa and in some cases metallic fixation respectively has proved useful. The surgical treatment of malignant tumors depends on the king of tumor and its localization.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

[Fracture in polytraumatized children (author's transl)].

The appropriateness of surgical therapy in polytraumatized children is influenced by a series of facts, such as severe additional injuries, the age of the child, type and localization of the fracture etc. Fractures of the neck of the femur and fractures involving extensive injuries of soft tissue are an indication for immediate operative treatment. Transepiphyseal fractures and fractures in cases of additional cerebral contusion are an indication for early treatment. Fractures of the forearm or the lower leg are treated conservatively after the stabilization of circulation (wiring, plaster cast).

Abdominal Injuries↗
PubMed1999

Three-dimensional acquisition and visualization of dental arch features from optically digitized models.

A method for the acquisition and evaluation of 3D coordinates from anatomically oriented plaster casts is presented, which is based on optical phase shifting profilometry (a fringe projection technique). With the computer-controlled setup, measurements from different views can be combined to obtain a complete three dimensional reconstruction of the model surface. To allow faster evaluation, the result is converted into a range image. From this digital data set the characteristic features like cusp tips can be identified and located semi-automatically. Based on these marks, quantitative values for differences between situation models like local displacements, e.g. during orthodontic treatment, can be determined. The results are visualized as interactively controllable 3D computer graphics, which helps to make spatial relations clearer.

Calibration↗
PubMed1999

Evaluation of orthodontic treatment success in patients with pronounced Angle Class III.

The aim of this study was to assess the success of orthodontic treatment of pronounced Angle Class III malocclusions. The records of 16 patients with pretreatment mesial occlusion and negative overjet were analyzed by evaluating the plaster casts and lateral cephalograms made at the beginning (B1) and end (B2) of active treatment, which was purely orthodontic in all cases. After treatment the patients were divided into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 10) with virtually ideal occlusal relationships, and group 2 (n = 6) where this was not the case. Professional assessment of the results using the Peer Assessment Rating (PAR) Index revealed a reduction of the weighted PAR scores of 90.2% in group 1 and 68.8% in group 2. A questionnaire was specially designed to obtain information on the patient's rating of the treatment and of the treatment outcome. 75% of the patients addressed answered the questionnaire. Following correction of the frontal crossbites, both groups displayed a clear-cut improvement of the sagittal lip relationship; this sometimes had a striking effect on the facial esthetics. The size and heterogeneity of the sample permit only cautious interpretation of the results. However, the study suggests from what degree of Angle Class III malocclusion surgical intervention is more likely to be indicated, although the final decision on elective surgery of this kind must always be left to the patient. The PAR Index offers various advantages in assessing treatment results. However, in view of its lack of esthetic sensitivity, it should be supplemented by other assessment methods.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Long-term development in the mandible and incisor crowding with and without an orthodontic stabilising appliance.

In children with dentoalveolar Class II malocclusion with proclined upper incisors treated with extraction of the maxillary first premolars and appliance in the upper jaw only has been reported to increase the lower arch crowding when compared with children with untreated normal occlusion. Stabilising orthodontic appliances might therefore be useful in the lower jaw. A comparison was made of Class II: 1 malocclusion with extraction in the upper arch in 35 individuals in whom a fixed orthodontic appliance was used in the upper arch only and 26 individuals with fixed appliances in both jaws. The mean age at the start of treatment was 12.9 and 12.8 years, respectively. Treatment effects and post-retention changes up to 4 to 5 years out of retention at the age of 20 to 22 years were evaluated from lateral head films and plaster casts. During treatment the orthodontic appliance in the lower arch relieved crowding. The available lower anterior space increased from -0.6 to +0.2 mm, compared, to a decrease from -0.4 to -1.3 mm in the group without mandibular appliances. After 4 to 5 years out of retention the lower arch available space had decreased in both groups, to -1.4 mm in the group where orthodontic appliances had been used in both jaws and to -2.5 mm in the group without an orthodontic appliance in the lower jaw. This difference was significant. But the subjective ranking of the amount of crowding in the lower jaw models showed no significant difference between the 2 groups at the age of 20 to 22 years.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1993

Late results following proximal reinsertion of isolated ruptured ACL ligaments.

Between 1982 and 1984, 49 patients with fresh isolated proximal ruptures of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) were operated on in the Trauma Hospital, Salzburg. The operation was performed within 1 week of trauma. The operational technique used was proximal reinsertion of the ruptured ACL alone. Postoperatively the knee was immobilized for 6 weeks in an above-the-knee plaster cast. We were able to re-examine 42 of the 49 patients 5-7 years after injury. In addition to a clinical examination, testing with a KT-1000 arthrometer was performed. The objective and subjective results we found were evaluated using the Lsyholm score and OAK knee evaluation form. We found 12 (29%) absolutely stable knee joints. We accepted a KT-1000 result of up to 3 mm as satisfactory, and 81% of our patients were in this category. The same percentage (81%) scored between 85 and 100 points on the Lysholm scale. Only 52% scored over 90 points on the OAK form. Subjectively only 6 patients (14%) were dissatisfied with their result.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

Early range of motion training after ligament reconstruction of the ankle joint.

Early range of motion training after ligament reconstruction of the ankle ligaments for chronic ankle joint instability was evaluated. Forty patients were operated on with anatomic reconstruction of the lateral ankle ligaments, i.e. shortening, imbrication and reinsertion. The patients were randomized postoperatively between two groups: (1) immobilization for 6 weeks in a plaster cast and (2) early range of motion training, in a Walker-Boot. Both groups underwent an identical rehabilitation program, with peroneal strengthening and co-ordination training after 6 weeks. The functional results were evaluated using a scoring scale and the mechanical stability with standardized stress radiographs. The minimum follow-up was 2 years. The functional results were satisfactory in 16 (80%) of the patients in group I, and 19 (95%) in group II. The mean values of anterior talar translation and talar tilt were not significantly different between the groups preoperatively nor at follow-up. The mean time period for sick leave was significantly shorter for group II, 6.5 +/- 1.6 weeks compared with 8.5 +/- 1.8 weeks for group I. The mean time period for return to sports activity was significantly shorter for group II, 9.5 +/- 2.2 weeks, compared with 12.5 +/- 2.6 weeks for group I. Early range of motion training is recommended after ligament reconstruction of the ankle, as it will enable earlier return to sports activities, shorter sick leave and preserved mechanical stability.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Percutaneous needle trephination. Experience in 200 cases.

For many years percutaneous needle and classic burr-hole trephination with insertion of plastic catheters for external ventricular drainage are in use. The shortcomings of the conventional puncture needles were compensated for by the development of a modified instrument in recent years. In this prospective study we tried to define advantages and disadvantages of percutaneous ventriculostomy with this modified needle in a large number of patients. We treated and followed a total number of 200 patients with external ventricular drainage for various reasons (42% obstructive hydrocephalus, 27% haematocephalus, 11% malresorptive hydrocephalus, 11% elevated ICP and 9% infections). The ventriculostomy is performed--after percutaneous trephination with a 1.5 mm drill and 1.2 mm needle under local anaesthesia as a bedside procedure. The modified blunt needle is provided with markings and a set screw which allows insertion to a prefixed depth and a sharp guide which is withdrawn after penetration of the dura. It is then bent rostrally and fixed by a plaster cast. The mean duration of drainage was 9 days (1-30 days). Mean operating time for the whole procedure including fixation and connection to the drainage system was 20 minutes. Overall complication rate was 13% (N = 26). Two intracerebral haemorrhages (1%) occurred, of which one was caused by overdrainage. Five (3%) infections in primarily not infectious cases (N = 182) were seen. Only one case of infection occurred without loosening of the needle on day 17. In 19 patients (10%) the needles had loosened. Fifteen times this complication was repaired in time and no infection occurred.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗