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PubMedDate not supplied

Expression of pili and capsule by the avian strain P-1059 of Pasteurella multocida.

The avian strain P-1059 of Pasteurella multocida was grown on blood agar (BA), on dextrose-starch agar (DSA), or in Heddleston's hydrogen sulfide test broth. Cells were examined for the presence of pili using electron microscopy after staining with phosphotungstic acid, and they were examined for capsule after ruthenium red staining. Pili were found on the capsulated iridescent type, P-1059I, and on two non-capsulated variants, the blue, P-1059B, and the gray, P-1059G. Many cells grown on BA were heavily piliated. In contrast, fewer cells grown on DSA had pili, and piliation was only slight to moderate. The P-1059I, P-1059B, and P-1059G produced pellicles when grown on broth medium. Pili were found on the circumference of the cells grown on either agar or broth medium. Occasionally a pilus connecting two cells was seen on cells cultured in broth. Cultivation of the P-1059I on DSA containing the iron-chelating agent alpha,alpha'-bipyridyl produced a non-capsulated blue variant. The non-capsulated variant reverted to P-1059I when grown on BA but did not revert when grown on DSA.

Agar↗
PubMed1985

Three-year survey of the epidemiology of rotavirus, enteric adenovirus, and some small spherical viruses including "Osaka-agent" associated with infantile diarrhea.

Studies were made by electron microscopy (EM) on the viruses associated with diarrhea of outpatients at a pediatric clinic in Osaka Prefecture during the three year period from 1980 through 1982. The viruses detected by EM by negative staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) were classified morphologically into 6 groups: rotavirus, adenovirus and four kinds of small spherical viruses, calicivirus, astrovirus, picornavirus/parvovirus (P/P)-like agent and Osaka-agent. Osaka-agent seems to be a newly identified small virus. It is 35-40 nm in diameter with a fringe of spike-like structures on its surface. Viruses were detected in 181 of the 395 cases of diarrhea (45.8%). Rotavirus was detected in 122 (30.9%) of the total cases and in 67.4% of the virus-positive cases, while other viruses were detected in 15% of the total cases; adenovirus in 23 (6%) and small agents in 36 (9%). Rotavirus infection showed a distinctive seasonal variation, being mainly restricted to cooler months, but infections with other viruses did not show any seasonal variation. The age distribution of patients suggested that infants of 0 to 2 years old are very susceptible to all viruses. Attempts to cultivate these viruses in vitro were successful with only two isolates of adenovirus type 5.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1986

Ultrastructural and ultrahistochemical studies on the ventral aorta in larvae of a teleost, Poecilia reticulata.

The ultrastructure of the ventral aorta of Poecilia reticulata is described in larvae of variable age. In postnatal larvae this structure is located within the ventral pharyngeal wall. The tunica media consists of elongated smooth muscle cells, surrounded by a network of elastic fibrils (10 to 20 nm). The muscle cells are rich in free and membrane associated ribosomes, and contain a well developed Golgi apparatus surrounded by membrane-bound, electron dense bodies. During the first 21 d of postnatal life, the number of ribosomes declines gradually, whereas there is a corresponding increase in the amount of contractile material. In addition, the number of intercellular, elastic fibrils seems to increase with advancing age. No elastic lamina was seen in the present tissue, but in the 21 d old larvae the subendothelial elastic fibrils are sometimes aligned and may therefore make up an elastic lamina at a later stage of development. Probably, the elastic fibrils are composed of a central string (2-4 nm) of unknown chemical nature, covered by a layer of elastin. Thus, the elastic fibrillar network in young and adult bony-fish may be regarded as heavily reticulose elastin laminae, resembling those of the early fetal aorta in mammals. The present intercellular elastin is shown to be intensely stained with phosphotungstic acid at low pH and may therefore be rich in basic proteins. In 3 mm prenatal larvae the heart and the posterior part of the aorta are located at the outside of the body, whereas the anterior part occurs in the ventral pharyngeal wall. The aortic endothelium and tunica media consist of undifferentiated cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Actin Cytoskeleton↗
PubMed1987

Decrease in the sialoglycoprotein content of the glomerular basement membrane in experimental nephrosis.

Phosphotungstic acid at low pH on glycolmethacrylate sections allows the detection of sialic acid groups in the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane. This staining procedure was used to study the alterations in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis and adriamycin nephrosis. In both model systems defects were detected in the sialic acid content of the lamina rara externa and the epithelial cell coat was also affected. The possible role of sialic acid in glomerular filtration is discussed.

Animals↗
PubMed1988

[Reorganization of the synaptic architectonics of the cerebral cortex in antigenic sensitization of the brain and in convulsive paroxysms].

In Krushinskiĭ-Molodkina rats sensibilized for 5 days with brain extract antigens (BEA) and/or subjected to repetitive seizures (S), the synaptic architectonics of the molecular layer was studied in the sensorimotor cortex preparations treated with phosphotungstic acid. Unlike the S effect, BEA-sensibilization and BEA+S action sharply reduced the number of interneuronal contacts, especially the symmetric ones, and the structure relations of the subsynaptic units system with the surrounding cytoskeleton with decrease in the number of very small, small and medium-size synapses. In any effects the major compensatory mechanism was the hypertrophy and splitting of the interneuronal contacts. Only S action resulted in the compensatory enhancement of the new synapses formation. Possible mechanisms of the "immune" lesion of the interneuronal contacts are discussed.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1988

[Silver impregnation of the myelin sheath. II].

A modified method is described based on the following steps: 1. simultaneous mordanting, using an alcoholic solution of phosphotungstic acid and tannic acid, 2. treatment with pH = 10.4 silver nitrate solution, 3. physical development (one or two phases).

Animals↗
PubMed1988

Stepwise precipitation method of human blood lipoproteins for clinical routine.

A three-step precipitation method for separate measurement of the lipid and protein composition of the main serum lipoprotein classes has been developed. The consecutive procedure applying phosphotungstic acid, polyethylene glycol and dextran sulfate makes the analysis of chylomicron, VLDL, LDL, HDL2 and HDL3 possible. Because of simplicity and appropriate accuracy the method may be suitable for systematical use in clinical laboratories. A relatively large scale investigation on hyperlipidemic patients by clinics disposing of regular service could be managed with the aid of the method. In this study the lipoprotein composition of a limited number of normal, type IIA and type IV hyperlipidemic patients has been investigated. The results were compared to the international standard values.

Adult↗
PubMed1987

Prenatal ethanol exposure decreases synaptic density in the molecular layer of the cerebellum.

Pregnant Long-Evans rats were fed a liquid diet containing ethanol during gestation (peak blood ethanol level of 128 mg/dl). Pairfed dams were given isocaloric diet lacking ethanol; and control dams were allowed ad libitum access to liquid diet without ethanol. Subsequent effects of ethanol were measured by morphometric analysis of electron micrographs. Tissue samples from the molecular layer of the cerebellum (sixth lobule) were stained with ethanolic-phosphotungstic acid (E-PTA) and synaptic junctions were counted. Numbers of synaptic junctions per unit area were compared for 14 and 28 day old offspring of ethanol treated, pairfed or control dams. Synaptic density of the molecular layer of the sixth cerebellar lobule was decreased in 28 day old animals which were exposed prenatally to ethanol.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Serological diagnosis of hydatid disease by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using partially purified hydatid cyst fluid antigens.

Experimentally, two hydatid cyst fluid (HCF) antigens (antigens 4 and 5) were found to be the most immunogenic antigens in HCF. The two antigens were precipitated together from HCF. This was done by adding 2M phosphotungstic acid and 2M magnesium chloride solutions to clarified HCF while continuously stirring the mixture. The precipitate formed was suspended in physiological saline (P.S.). This antigens' solution was used to coat microtitre plates for indirect ELISA. Indirect ELISA was performed on 180 randomly selected bovine sera. The sensitivity of the test was found to be 98% while the specificity was 70%. The predictive value was 89%. Although the specificity of the test was relatively low, the test using these partially purified antigens was found to be useful because of its high sensitivity.

Animals↗
PubMed1986

Oncocytoma of the lacrimal caruncle.

Two cases of oncocytoma of the lacrimal caruncle are presented. This benign tumour is characterized by a uniform population of epithelial cells with abundant, finely granular, eosinophilic cytoplasm. The granules stain blue with Mallorys phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin and can be identified as mitochondria by electron microscopy. An additional 35 cases from the literature are reviewed. The tumour usually occurs in people over the age of 60 years and is more common in women (male:female ratio of 1:5).

Adenoma↗
PubMed1985

Presence of ribonucleoproteins and basic proteins in the nuage and intermitochondrial bars of human spermatogonia.

Ultrastructural cytochemical study of the nuage in the human adult testis revealed that this structure was a cytoplasmic fine fibrillar electron-dense mass, similar to the chromatoid body of spermatids, in all spermatogonial types and spermatocytes. The nuage was often observed in relation with the nucleus or mitochondria. Cytochemical techniques showed staining affinity of the nuage for both ethanolic phosphotungstic acid and ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid. The intermitochondrial bars were also stained with the two procedures. The results suggest that the nuage originates from the nucleus and migrates to the cytoplasm through nuclear pores, giving rise to the intermitochondrial bars.

Histocytochemistry↗
PubMed1979

The ultrastructure of eosinophil granules of the black-necked crowned crane.

The fine structure of the granules of circulating eosinophil leucocytes was studied in five adult black-necked crowned cranes. The interna within these granules showed various crystalline arrangements. Optical diffraction patterns of the crystals revealed linear arrangements measuring 6.2 and 3.8 nm and often, when these arrangements were superimposed, a hexagonal pattern was observed. Bundles of microfilaments measuring 5-7 nm in diameter were found frequently in crystal-containing granules. Staining with phosphotungstic acid (PTA) and various other cytochemical procedures gave results similar to those obtained previously in the shag and the duck. The PTA stain and peroxidase reaction product were found only in the externum of the granules whereas the acid hydrolases, acid phosphatase and arylsulphatase were located within the crystalline matrix and in or between the microfilaments. As with shag eosinophil granules, those of the crane did not appear to contain histone arginine and in this respect they differed from those of the duck and the fowl.

Animals↗
PubMed1979

[Use of a cryoultramicrotomy method for the purpose of studying chlamydial ultrastructure].

The method of cryoultramicrotomy was adapted for the study of the ultrastructure of HeLa and McCoy cells in monolayer cultures infected with Chlamydia, obligatory intracellular procaryotic parasites, the causative agents of ornithosis (strain Loth) and paratrachoma (strain LB 1). The cryosections were obtained by the fixation of the monolayer with 2.5% glutaraldehyde, by the gradual infiltration of precipitated cells with sucrose (0.6--1.2--1.8--2.3 M) prior to freezing in liquid nitrogen, and by the treatment of sections with 1% aqueous methyl cellulose solution before drying. This method ensured good preservation of both Chlamydia, in intracytoplasmic inclusions and host cells, as well as regular reproducibility of the results. Ultrathin sections showed a considerable polymorphism in the vegetative forms of Chlamydia, which was probably due to the structure of their cell walls. Chlamydia, were found to form small vesicle-like structures in the cavities of inclusions. The cell walls and granules inside the elementary bodies of the causative agent of ornithosis were stained with the use of phosphotungstic acid--HCl, pH 0.5.

Chlamydia↗
PubMed1981

Detection of potential biochemical indicators of infection in the burned rat.

Sever thermal injury is often complicated by infection. Moreover, the injury itself render the early detection of infection more difficult. Rapid early detection of infection would thus aid in the treatment of severely burned patients. PCA filtrates of whole blood from burned-infected rats contain three substances that appear to be early indicators of infection in the thermally injured animal. These factors are only slightly affected by the extent of injury. These factors do not appear to be microorganism-specific in that they are found in rats infected with Proteus mirabilis as well as with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. One factor absorbs light at 398 nm and seems to be associated with some cellular component of blood. The other two substances are fluorescent, one gamma ex 280 nm gamma em 340 nm, the other gamma 355 nm gamma em 420 nm, and are detectable in PCA filtrates of plasma as well as of whole blood. All factors are retained by filters with a 25,000 dalton pore size. All factors are precipitable from PCA filtrates by phosphotungstic acid, suggesting that they may be proteins. The 355/420 factor increases with oxidation, whereas both the 280/340 substance and 398 nm material decrease.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Cytologic, light microscopic and ultrastructural studies.

Studies of the cytologic, light-microscopic and electron-microscopic features of three malignant fibrous histiocytomas (MFH) confirmed the presence of histiocytelike and fibroblastlike cells. The ultrastructural features suggest that the neoplasm possibly originates in undifferentiated mesenchymal cells that are capable of differentiating into histiocytic and fibroblastic cells. Cytologic features seen in smears obtained by thin needle aspiration included loose aggregates of markedly pleomorphic, elongated cells, histiocytelike cells and isolated bizarre giant cells. Phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH) and oil red O staining of air-dried smears were helpful in differentiating MFH from pleomorphic variants of liposarcoma and rhabdomyosarcoma.

Adult↗