Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “PDS”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMedDate not supplied

[Personality disorders prevalence study among inpatients with mood disorders, psychoactive use disorders and anxiety disorders].

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to asses type and prevalence of Personality Disorders (PDs) and their patterns of comorbidity with Axis I disorders in a sample of psychiatric inpatients. SETTING: The sample consisted of 300 subjects admitted to a psychiatric unit on a voluntary bases for an index episode. The study was conducted over a period of 12 months, from 1.11.1997 to 31.10.1998. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The Italian version of SCID-II-PQ (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R personality disorders, with Personality Questionnaire--PQ--a self report questionnaire). RESULTS: More than half the patients had at least one personality disorder. The mean of disorders per patient was 2.83 +/- 1.93 (+/- SD). The most prevalent Axis II disorders were Borderline PD (30.7%), Obsessive-compulsive PD (30.7%) and Avoidant PD (25.3%). Women were significantly more likely than men to meet criteria for Dependent PD and Avoidant PD. Man showed significantly more frequently than women Antisocial PD. Significant associations (p < 0.05) were found for comorbidity of Mood Disorders and Avoidant PD, and for Psicoactive Use Disorders and Antisocial PD. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirms the high prevalence of PDs in psychiatric inpatients and showe some interesting associations between Axis I and Axis II disorders. These results can't be generalized to outpatients because our clinical sample involved mainly severely ill inpatients, but they raise questions about the exact nature of PDs and of the relationship with Axis I disorders. Further research involving outpatients and general population is needed to examine factors that could affect development and course of Personality Disorders.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Single-cysteine substitution mutants at amino acid positions 55-75, the sequence connecting the cytoplasmic ends of helices I and II in rhodopsin: reactivity of the sulfhydryl groups and their derivatives identifies a tertiary structure that changes upon light-activation.

Cysteines were introduced, one at a time, at amino acid positions 55-75 in the cytoplasmic region connecting helices I and II in rhodopsin. In each of the 21 cysteine mutants, the reactive native cysteine residues (C140 and C316) were replaced by serine. Except for N55C, all mutants formed rhodopsin-like chromophores and had normal photobleaching characteristics. The efficiency of GT activation was reduced only for K66C, K67C, L68C, and P71C. The reactivity of the substituted cysteine in each mutant toward 4, 4'-dithiodipyridine (4-PDS) was investigated in the dark. The mutants F56C to L59C and I75C were unreactive to 4-PDS under the conditions used, suggesting that they are embedded in the micelle or protein interior. The mutants V63C, H65C-T70C, and N73C reacted rapidly, while the remainder of the mutants reacted more slowly, and varied in reactivity with sequence position. For the mutants derivatized with 4-PDS, the rate of release of thiopyridone from the resulting thiopyridinyl-cysteine disulfide bond by dithiothreitol was investigated in the dark and in the light. Marked changes in the rates of thiopyridone release in the light were found at specific sites. Collectively, the data reveal tertiary interactions of the residues in the sequence investigated and demonstrate structural changes due to photoactivation.

Amino Acid Sequence↗
PubMed2000

In vitro and in situ inhibition of carotenoid biosynthesis in Capsicum annuum by bleaching herbicides.

Pepper leaves treated with the herbicide J852 show an accumulation of phytoene and zeta-carotene, whereas treatment with norflurazon led to an accumulation of only phytoene. The effects of these herbicides were examined in vitro after the expression of carotenoid desaturases in Escherichia coli. Whereas norflurazon is a potent inhibitor of phytoene desaturase (PDS) (I(50) = 0.12 microM) but not of zeta-carotene desaturase (ZDS) (I(50) = 144 microM), J852 inhibits both PDS (I(50) = 23 microM) and ZDS (I(50) = 49 microM). The influence of PDS/ZDS inhibition on gene expression was examined by comparative RT-PCR. None of the examined genes, namely, encoding phytoene synthase, PDS, ZDS, or the terminal oxidase associated with phytoene desaturation, were induced upon herbicide treatment in pepper leaves or seedlings. This was unexpected because inhibition of carotene desaturation led to an up-regulation of the carotenoid biosynthetic capacity (higher amounts of accumulating precursors plus remaining colored carotenoids are present in treated tissues versus control).

Capsicum↗
PubMed2000

The Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study: baseline Axis I/II and II/II diagnostic co-occurrence.

OBJECTIVE: To describe baseline diagnostic co-occurrence in the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study. METHOD: Six hundred and sixty-eight patients were reliably assessed with diagnostic interviews for DSM-IV Axis I and II disorders to create five groups: Schizotypal (STPD), Borderline (BPD), Avoidant (AVPD), Obsessive-Compulsive (OCPD) and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) without personality disorder (PD). RESULTS: Mean number of Axis I lifetime diagnoses was 3.4; STPD and BPD groups had more diagnoses than AVPD, OCPD, and MDD groups. Significant Axis I co-occurrences emerged for Social Phobia/ AVPD, PTSD/BPD and Substance Use/BPD. Mean number of co-occurring PDs was 1.4; STPD had more than BPD group which had more than AVPD and OCPD groups. Significant PD co-occurrence emerged for: STPD/ Paranoid and Schizoid PDs, BPD with Antisocial and Dependent PDs, and lower frequency for OCPD/Antisocial PD. CONCLUSION: Diagnostic co-occurrences generally followed base rates, while significant departures resemble those of controlled literature.

Follow-Up Studies↗
PubMed2003

Ovine periodontitis as a potential model for periodontal studies. Cross-sectional analysis of clinical, microbiological, and serum immunological parameters.

OBJECTIVES: : To investigate infection and host immunity patterns in sheep with naturally occurring "broken-mouth" periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : Eight periodontally healthy (HS) and eight periodontally diseased ewes (PDS) were selected. Subgingival plaque and sera were collected and examined for evidence of human periodontitis-associated pathogens. Serum IgG titers were measured by ELISA to multiple strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Bacteroides forsythus, Dichelobacter nodosus, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Prevotella intermedia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum as well as several purified antigens (cysteine proteases, LPS, K, and fimbriae). RESULTS: : Neither the organism Aa nor antigens to Aa were found in any animal. Most animals were positive for Pg, Bf, and Pi, but DNA probes detected no difference between HS and PDS relative to amounts of pathogens in subgingival plaque. PDS had significantly higher serum IgG titers to all Pg strains, to 50% of Bf strains, to the Pi and Fn strains, and to fimbriae and the two cysteine proteases (p-values ranging from 0.05 to 0.001). Regression analysis demonstrated a significant association between number of teeth lost and serum IgG antibody titers to whole-cell sonicate antigens of P. gingivalis strains (p<0.01) and body weight (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: : The presence of pathogens associated with periodontitis was reflected in differences in serum IgG titers between healthy and diseased sheep. This may have influenced animal body weight and might have systemic health and economic consequences. The data suggest that susceptible and non-susceptible sheep can be identified for periodontal research.

Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans↗
PubMed2001

Using the five-factor model to represent the DSM-IV personality disorders: an expert consensus approach.

This study sought to extend previous work on the five-factor dimensional model (FFM) of personality disorder (PD) by developing more comprehensive FFM descriptions of prototypic cases. Specifically, the authors asked experts in each of the 10 DSM-IV PDs to rate the prototypic case by using all 30 facets of the FFM. Aggregating across raters of the given disorder generated a prototype for each disorder. In general, there was good agreement among experts and with previous theoretical and empirical FFM translations of DSM diagnostic criteria. Furthermore, the ability of the FFM explanation to reproduce the high comorbidity rates among PDs was demonstrated. The authors concluded that, with the possible exception of schizotypal PD, the DSM PDs can be understood from the dimensional perspective of the FFM. Future directions for research, including the use of the present prototypes to "diagnose" personality disorder, are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed2004

Genetic and environmental influences on pubertal development: longitudinal data from Finnish twins at ages 11 and 14.

To study sources of individual differences in pubertal development, the authors fit a sex-limitation common factor model to data reported, at ages 11 and 14 years, by 1,891 twin pairs on items that comprise the Pubertal Development Scale (PDS; A. C. Petersen, L. Crockett, M. Richards, & A. Boxer, 1988). The model divides variation into a general pubertal factor and item-specific variation and, in addition, decomposes it into constituent sources. In both boys and girls, genetic influences made the largest contribution to variance common to PDS items. Genetic and nonshared environmental factors accounted for variation specific to PDS items in boys, whereas for girls, common environmental influences were added for growth spurt and menarcheal status. For both common and item-specific variation, genetic effects were partially sex specific. Subsidiary analyses found accelerated maturation in both boys and girls who at age 14 were reared in father-absent homes.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Two-year stability and change of schizotypal, borderline, avoidant, and obsessive-compulsive personality disorders.

The authors examined the stability of schizotypal (STPD), borderline (BPD), avoidant (AVPD) and obsessive-compulsive (OCPD) personality disorders (PDs) over 2 years of prospective multiwave follow-up. Six hundred thirty-three participants recruited at 4 collaborating sites who met criteria for 1 or more of the 4 PDs or for major depressive disorder (MOD) without PD were assessed with semistructured interviews at baseline, 6, 12, and 24 months. Lifetable survival analyses revealed that the PD groups had slower time to remission than the MDD group. Categorically, PD remission rates range from 50% (AVPD) to 61% (STPD) for dropping below diagnostic threshold on a blind 24-month reassessment but range from 23% (STPD) to 38% (OCPD) for a more stringent definition of improvement. Dimensionally, these findings suggest that PDs may be characterized by maladaptive trait constellations that are stable in their structure (individual differences) but can change in severity or expression over time.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) comprehend the referential character of the human pointing gesture.

The authors tested a dolphin's (Tursiops truncatus) understanding of human manual pointing gestures to 3 distal objects located to the left of, to the right of, or behind the dolphin. The human referred to an object through a direct point (Pd), a cross-body point (Px), or a familiar symbolic gesture (S). In Experiment 1, the dolphin responded correctly to 80% of Pds toward laterally placed objects but to only 40% of Pds to the object behind. Responding to objects behind improved to 88% in Experiment 2 after exaggerated pointing was briefly instituted. Spontaneous comprehension of Pxs also was demonstrated. In Experiment 3, the human produced a sequence of 2 Pds, 2 Pxs, 2 Ss, or all 2-way combinations of these 3 to direct the dolphin to take the object referenced second to the object referenced first. Accuracy ranged from 68% to 77% correct (chance = 17%). These results established that the dolphin understood the referential character of the human manual pointing gesture.

Animal Communication↗
PubMed2003

Patients' versus informants' reports of personality disorders in predicting 7 1/2-year outcome in outpatients with depressive disorders.

Concordance between patients' and informants' reports of personality disorders (PDs) is low, raising the questions of which source provides more valid data and whether both contribute unique information. This study compared patients' and informants' reports of PDs in predicting outcome in a 7 1/2-year follow-up of 85 depressed outpatients. Patients and informants were independently evaluated using structured interviews; outcome was assessed using structured interviews with patients. Both patients' and informants' reports of PD diagnoses and dimensional scores independently predicted depression symptoms and global functioning at follow-up. However, only informants' reports made a unique contribution to predicting social adjustment. This finding indicates that both patients and informants provide unique information on Axis II psychopathology and argues for the use of both sources in the assessment of PDs.

Adult↗
PubMed1999

Interacting loci cause severe iris atrophy and glaucoma in DBA/2J mice.

Glaucomas are a major cause of blindness. Visual loss typically involves retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve atrophy subsequent to a pathologic elevation of intraocular pressure (IOP). Some human glaucomas are associated with anterior segment abnormalities such as pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) and iris atrophy with associated synechiae. The primary causes of these abnormalities are unknown, and their aetiology is poorly understood. We recently characterized a mouse strain (DBA/2J) that develops glaucoma subsequent to anterior segment changes including pigment dispersion and iris atrophy. Using crosses between mouse strains DBA/2J (D2) and C57BL/6J (B6), we now show there are two chromosomal regions that contribute to the anterior segment changes and glaucoma. Progeny homozygous for the D2 allele of one locus on chromosome 6 (called ipd) develop an iris pigment dispersion phenotype similar to human PDS. ipd resides on a region of mouse chromosome 6 with conserved synteny to a region of human chromosome 7q that is associated with human PDS. Progeny homozygous for the D2 allele of a different locus on chromosome 4 (called isa) develop an iris stromal atrophy phenotype (ISA). The Tyrpl gene is a candidate for isa and likely causes ISA via a mechanism involving pigment production. Progeny homozygous for the D2 alleles of both ipd and isa develop an earlier onset and more severe disease involving pigment dispersion and iris stromal atrophy.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2004

Ambulatory management of childhood obesity.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity is one of the most challenging issues facing healthcare providers today. The aims of this study were to describe the ambulatory management of childhood obesity by pediatricians (PDs) and family physicians (FPs) and to evaluate knowledge of and adherence to published recommendations. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES: A 42-item, self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 1207 randomly selected primary care physicians (PDs = 700, FPs = 507) between September 2001 and January 2002. RESULTS: Of 339 (28%) responses, 287 were eligible (PDs = 213, FPs = 74). Most respondents were in group or solo practice (87%) in a suburban or urban, non-inner city location (67%). The average age was 48 years (range = 31 to 85 years), and the mean years in practice was 17 (range = 1 to 55 years). Nineteen percent of physicians were aware of national recommendations. Three percent of physicians reported adherence to all recommendations. Knowledge of recommendations was not associated with a greater likelihood of adherence. However, physicians who were aware of recommendations were more likely to have positive attitudes about personal counseling ability (odds ratio = 2.4, confidence interval = 1.3 to 4.4) and the overall efficacy of obesity counseling (odds ratio = 4.3, confidence interval = 1.7 to 10.8). Poor patient motivation, patient noncompliance, and treatment futility were perceived as the most frequently encountered barriers to obesity treatment. DISCUSSION: Most physicians are not aware of or adherent to national recommendations regarding childhood obesity. Awareness of recommendations was associated with more positive attitudes about personal counseling ability and the effectiveness of obesity counseling in general.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Identification of a locus on chromosome 7q31, DFNB14, responsible for prelingual sensorineural non-syndromic deafness.

In our efforts to identify new loci responsible for non-syndromic autosomal recessive forms of deafness, DFNB loci, we have pursued the analysis of large consanguineous affected families living in geographically isolated areas. Here, we report on the study of a Lebanese family affected with a prelingual profound sensorineural isolated form of deafness. Segregation analysis resulted in a linkage with locus D7S554 to locus D7S2459 on 7q31, with a maximum lod score of 6.3. The causative gene was mapped to a 15 cM interval extending from D7S527 to D7S3074 (on the telomeric side). The distal limit of this interval could be located between D7S496 and D7S3074 which are the closest polymorphic loci flanking the gene underlying Pendred syndrome (PDS) on the centromeric and on the telomeric sides, respectively. To eliminate PDS as a candidate gene, its 21 exons were sequenced. No mutation was detected. This study therefore reports the identification of a novel locus, DFNB14, on chromosome 7q31, in a position proximal to PDS.

Audiometry↗
PubMed2003

Free-floating melanin particles in the anterior chamber: a normal finding in African eyes?

PURPOSE: Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is a well-described entity with Krukenberg's spindle, heavy trabecular pigmentation and retroilluminating iris defects. We have observed a group of patients in mesoendemic onchocercal communities of Kaduna State, Nigeria, with significant amounts of free-floating melanin in the anterior chamber, normal angle pigmentation and absence of iris defects. A pseudo-Krukenberg spindle forms when the patients are asked to maintain a 2 min head-down posture as is often done when examining eyes for the presence of anterior chamber microfilaria. This spindle gradually disappears (tumbles back) after about 2 min of return to the erect posture. This paper describes this finding, which does not appear to fit into accepted notions of pigment dispersion. METHODS: As part of the seventh annual ivermectin dosing exercise during which evidence of optic nerve damage was sought, 455 patients were examined for the presence of microfilaria in the anterior chamber. A total of 352 had been selected for signs of optic nerve disease during an earlier screening exercise, while 103 belonged to a random sample of 5 years and above. Signs of onchocerciasis were sought, while gonioscopy and intraocular pressure measurements were carried out. RESULTS: Of the 455 (11%) individuals examined, 53 demonstrated this phenomenon. Within the random sample, the prevalence was 20%. These tumbling Krukenberg positive (TK+) individuals are significantly younger than TK- individuals and the prevalence, highest in the first decade, dropped steadily to zero levels over the age of 75. Sex distribution was about equal. There was no difference in intraocular pressure, cup-disc ratio and angle pigmentation. Distributions of sclerosing keratitis and chorioretinitis were not statistically different. Optic nerve disease was more common in TK- but this was attributable to the older age distribution. Five TK+ were re-examined after a period of 7 years and had not developed PDS or glaucoma. Four of the five remained TK+. A familial tendency was noted and hereditary factors may be at play, possibly autosomal recessive. The same phenomenon was noted in two of 44 patients in an ophthalmic clinic in Abuja, Nigeria, an urban, non-endemic city south of Kaduna. CONCLUSIONS: This phenomenon does not fit into accepted notions of PDS and may well be a normal finding.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

A novel mutation in the pendrin gene associated with Pendred's syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: Pendred's syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by goitre, sensorineural deafness and iodide organification defect. It is one of the most frequent causes of congenital deafness, accounting for about 10% of hereditary hearing loss. It is caused by mutations in the pendrin (PDS) gene, a 21 exon gene located on chromosome 7. The aim of this study was to examine an Italian family affected with Pendred's syndrome at the molecular level. PATIENTS: Thirteen subjects belonging to a family from Southern Italy were evaluated for the clinical and genetic features of Pendred's syndrome. MEASUREMENTS: Exons 2-21 of the PDS gene were amplified from peripheral leucocytes by the polymerase chain reaction; mutation analysis was performed by single strand conformation polymorphism, direct sequencing and restriction analysis. RESULTS: The index patient had the classical triad of the syndrome and harboured two mutations in the PDS gene in the form of compound heterozygosity. He was found to be heterozygous for a cytosine to adenosine mutation at nucleotide 1523 in exon 13 and for a IVS 1001 + 1G --> A mutation. The former is a novel mutation which results in a change of 508 threonine to asparagine in the putative eleventh transmembrane domain. The latter mutation in the donor splice site has already been described in other patients and is thought to lead to aberrant splicing and premature protein truncation. Three subjects who were heterozygous for one mutation had normal phenotypes. Two subjects had sensorineural deafness and were heterozygous for a single mutation. Goitre was found only in patients with Pendred's syndrome and was absent in all other individuals, albeit residing in an iodine-deficient area. CONCLUSIONS: We have identified a novel mutation in the pendrin gene causing Pendred's syndrome, and confirm that molecular analysis is a useful tool for a definitive diagnosis. This is particularly relevant in cases such as in the subjects of our family in which the clinical features might be misleading and other genetics factors might be responsible for deafness.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Distal V beta promoters transcribe novel T-cell receptor-beta transcripts in early development.

The transcriptional activation of germline T-cell receptor (TCR) and immunoglobulin (Ig) genes has been proposed to promote the rearrangement of these genes. Here we report the identification of distal TCR promoters (PDs), located upstream of the previously characterized promoters in the mouse V beta 5.1 and V beta 8.1 gene segments, that are active in germline TCR genes in fetal thymus and liver in vivo. We also identified an immature T-cell clone, SL12.4, that expresses both endogenous and transfected PDs in a regulated manner in vitro. We propose that the transcription of these distal promoters in germline TCR genes may be important for inducing TCR gene rearrangements during T-cell development. Northern blot, RNase protection and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses demonstrated that PDs are also transcribed from fully rearranged TCR genes in adult thymus, lymph node, and spleen. Although the functional significance of this expression is not known, our sequence analysis of the 5' leader in PD-derived V beta 5.1 and V beta 8.1 transcripts revealed the presence of several open reading frames (ORFs) that may encode novel polypeptides or regulate the efficiency of TCR beta translation.

Animals↗
PubMed2000

Measuring improved patient choice.

Patient decision support (PDS) tools or decision aids have been developed as adjuncts to the clinical encounter. Their aim is to support evidence-based patient choice. Clinical trials of PDS tools have used an array of outcome measures to determine efficacy, including knowledge, satisfaction, health status and consistency between patient choice and values. This paper proposes that the correlation between 'subjective expected utility' (SEU) and decision may be the best primary endpoint for trials. SEU is a measure usually used in behavioural decision theory. The paper first describes how decision support tools may use decision analysis to structure the presentation of evidence and guide patient decision-making. Uses of expected utility (EU) are suggested for evaluating PDS tools when improving population health status is the objective. SEU is the theoretically better measure when internal consistency of patient choices is the objective.

Choice Behavior↗
PubMed1997

Light-dependent regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis occurs at the level of phytoene synthase expression and is mediated by phytochrome in Sinapis alba and Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings.

In chloroplasts, carotenoids are essential pigments involved in photosynthesis. During-photomorphogenesis, a coordinated increase in the amounts of chlorophylls and carotenoids, in conjugation with other components, leads to the formation of a functional photosynthetic apparatus. To investigate the regulation of carotenoid biosynthesis during this process at the molecular level, GGPS, PSY and PDS cDNAs have been cloned from white mustard (Sinapis alba L). GGPS encodes a key enzyme in plastid isoprenoid metabolism, while the products of PSY and PDS catalyse the subsequent steps in carotenoid biosynthesis. Due to the low mRNA levels of the genes involved, the use of a RT-PCR protocol was necessary to measure gene expression during photomorphogenesis. With light, there is an up-regulation of PSY expression, the first gene within the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway, while PDS and GGPS expression levels remain constant. Treatment with different light qualities reveals a phytochrome-mediated regulation of PSY expression in developing white mustard seedlings. To obtain more detailed information on the light-regulation, Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and phytochrome mutants were utilized. Continuous far-red and red light both increase the expression of PSY in wild-type seedlings, demonstrating that both light-labile and light-stable phytochromes are involved in PSY regulation. The response to far-red light is completely abolished in the phyA mutant, showing that PHYA mediates the increase in PSY transcript levels under these light conditions. In the phyB mutant, the red light response is normal, indicating that PSY expression is not controlled by PHYB but by other light-stable phytochromes. Measurement of chlorophylls and carotenoids under the same light regimes shows that the up-regulation of PSY expression does not necessarily result in an increase of the carotenoid content. Only those light conditions which allow chlorophyll biosynthesis lead to a significant increase of the carotenoid content. Therefore, it is proposed that up-regulation of PSY mRNA levels leads to an increased capacity for the formation of carotenoids. However, this only takes place under light conditions leading to protochlorophyllide photoconversion.

Alkyl and Aryl Transferases↗