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PubMed1992

An example of meningiomatous hyperostosis from medieval Rochester.

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England↗

PubMed2003

Molecular study on human tuberculosis in three geographically distinct and time delineated populations from ancient Egypt.

We describe the molecular identification of human tuberculosis (TB) from vertebral bone tissue samples from three different populations of ancient Egypt. The specimens were obtained from the predynastic to early dynastic necropolis of Abydos (7 individuals, c. 3500-2650 B.C.), from a Middle Kingdom to Second Intermediate Period tomb of the necropolis of Thebes-West (37. c. 2100-1550 B.C.) and from five further Theban tombs used in the New Kingdom and the Late Period (39, c. 1450-500 B.C.). A total of 18 cases tested positive for the presence of ancient DNA (aDNA) of the M. tuberculosis complex. Out of the 9 cases with typical macromorphological signs of tuberculous spondylitis, 6 were positive for mycobacterial aDNA (66.7%). Of 24 cases with non-specific pathological alterations, 5 provided a positive result (20.8%). In 50 cases of normally appearing vertebral bones 7 tested positive (14.0%). There were only minor differences in the frequencies between the three populations. These data strongly support the notion that tuberculosis was present and prevalent in ancient Egypt since very early periods of this civilization. The unexpectedly high rate of mycobacterial aDNA in normal bone samples is presumably due to a pre- to perimortal systemic spread of the bacteria and indicates a generalized infection by M. tuberculosis.

Bone and Bones↗

PubMed2002

Archaeological contributions of skeletal lead analysis.

We developed a chemical method to quantitate lead in small skeletal specimens and used it to establish lead distribution and quantitation in modern skeletons for all age groups to standardize sampling sites. Application of the method to excavated ancient skeletal collections enabled prediction of socioeconomic status among Colonial Americans, as well as identification of lead poisoning in ancient Rome as related to lead production and in an 18th century Caribbean epidemic as related to distillation of rum. Depending upon the conditions of burial, bones may be contaminated by surrounding material. This can be a limiting factor for interpretation of lead levels, but multielement analysis and procedural modifications can permit continuing application of bone lead analysis to appropriately selected archaeological skeletal collections.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Preserved ascomatal and other fungal structures on the remains of a ninth century Longobard abbess exhumed from a monastery in Pavia, Italy.

Auxarthron californiense, Mixotrichum aeruginosum, Oncocladium flavum and Chaetomium elatum were recognized on the basis of ascomatal structures on the remains of a Longobard abbess who died in the IX century A.D. These fungi, which had remained isolated in a crypt of the S. Felice Monastery of Pavia for almost 1000 years, are phenotypically identical to the type specimens. The occurrence of these fungi and their ecological role are discussed.

Ascomycota↗

PubMed2000