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PubMed1979

Sexual response in spinal cord injured adults: a review of the literature.

The literature on sexual response in spinal cord injured (SCI) adults is reviewed and criticized. Principal characteristics of spinal cord injury are reviewed, and variables usually taken into account in studying sexual behavior in the SCI population are specified. Target behaviors of erection, ejaculation, attempts at intercourse, and male and female orgasm are isolated, and relevant data are reported. Attention is given to conceptual and methodological shortcomings of past research. Literature relevant to remediation of sexual problems in the SCI population is reported, and outcomes are noted. Future directions for research are indicated with particular emphasis placed on the appropriate utilization of psychophysiological techniques.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Personality correlates of sexual behavior in black woemn.

Black women (N = 35) were asked via questionnaires to provide information about various aspects of their sexual behavior (e.g., orgasm consistency, clitoral-vaginal preferences, intercourse frequency, and masturbation). They also responded to the Edwards Personal Preference Schedule, to a measure of attitudes toward their parents, and to a measure of their preferences for external and internal sources of stimulation. The sexual behavior of the blacks was generally more similar to than different from that of female white controls. Furthermore, a number of correlations between sexual response patterns and personality and attitudinal measures that were previously found in white women were duplicated in the black women. However, there were also previous correlations that were not duplicated. Overall, the results for the black women paralleled those for white women.

Black or African American↗
PubMed1984

Sexual histories, attitudes, and behavior of schizophrenic and "normal" women.

Data on sexual history and current sexual functioning were collected from 20 schizophrenic women and 15 normal volunteers. Schizophrenic women, compared to normal volunteers, reported a higher incidence of sexual abuse premorbidly, particularly during childhood, as well as after the onset of frank psychotic symptomatology. Patients also learned about sexual interaction and began menstruating earlier and had more negative feelings toward menstruating. In addition, psychosexual dysfunctions were markedly more common among the schizophrenic women, both pre- and postmorbidly. Compared to only 13.4% of the normal women, 60% of the schizophrenic women had never experienced orgasm. Patients did not believe that sexual activity worsened their illness, and only 20% of the patients thought their illness had adversely affected their sexual behavior.

Adult↗
PubMed1994

Sexual function in women with hypothalamo-pituitary disorders.

The extent to which hypothalamo-pituitary disorders in women affect sexual desire and sexual functions was investigated. Sexual functions and sexual appreciation were assessed in a comprehensive interview of 48 women with well-defined hypothalamo-pituitary disorders. Data about sex life were correlated to blood hormone levels and diagnosis. In most of the women (64.8%), the first clinical symptom indicating a hypothalamo-pituitary dysfunction began in the age group 16 to 35. In 43 patients (89.6%), the initial symptom was menstrual irregularities. Altogether 45 (93.8%) of the women declared that they had or had had significant sexual problems. Two of the three women who did not report sexual problems had never had intercourse. Thirty-eight (79.2%) of the women had developed a lack of or a considerable decrease in sexual desire. Problems with lubrication or orgasm were reported by 31 (64.6%) and 33 (68.7%) of the women, respectively. Normal menstrual pattern, young age, and intrasellar tumor growth correlated better with normal sexual desire and sexual functions than did normal prolactin levels and normal testosterone levels. However, at the time of interview, only 7 women had hyperprolactinemia. Serum testosterone values correlated significantly only with masturbation.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1983

Pectoral changes during the sexual response cycle: a thermographic analysis.

Pectoral changes over the course of the sexual response cycle were examined using thermographic measurement. Three married couples volunteered to participate. Each couple reported to the thermography laboratory two times. Included within the two sessions (which were a minimum of a day apart) was a masturbation to orgasm sequence and a control behavior sequence. During both sequences, the thermographic image was focused on the pectoral region. An asymmetrical vasocongestive pattern was discovered in the right side of the pectoral region throughout the course of the sexual response cycle, for both men and women. The results were interpreted in terms of the structure and function of the lymphatics.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

Sexological theory, H-Y antigen, chromosomes, gonads, and cyclicity: two syndromes compared.

The androgen-insensitivity syndrome (AIS) and Rokitansky syndrome (RS) are clinically similar except for H-Y antigen, chromosomal sex, gonadal sex, and the cyclicity of sex hormonal functioning. Nine AIS women and nine RS women could not be distinguished systematically on any of the following variables: romantic and genitoerotic imagery/ideation; sensory channels of erotic arousal; gender orientation; satisfaction with feminine status; self-rating of sexual frequency and interest; masturbation experience; orgasm experience; attitude toward marriage; and attitude toward infant and child care. These findings indicate that neither H-Y antigen status, chromosomal sex, nor hormonal cyclicity directly determines the differentiation of gender-identity/role (G-I/R) as male, female, or ambiguous. By implication, these findings are relevant to heterosexual/homosexual theory.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1989

Vaginal sensitivity to electric stimuli: theoretical and practical implications.

Vaginal sensitivity was investigated in a group of 60 volunteers by means of an electric stimulus and under nonerotic conditions. In comparison to the dorsum of the hand, the genital area has a low sensitivity for electric stimuli (p less than 0.001). Of the genital area, the vaginal wall measured 2 to 4 cm from the vaginal introitus was found to be very insensitive (p less than 0.05). Within the vaginal wall a relatively sensitive position to electric stimuli could be detected at the "12-hr position" (the anterior vaginal wall) (p less than 0.001). The study provides data underscoring previous anatomical and clinical research findings regarding the sensitivity of the anterior vaginal wall. The inefficiency of coitus for inducing female orgasm is discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Sexual function after partial cystectomy and urothelial stripping in a 32-year-old woman with radiation cystitis.

We report a case of a 32-year-old woman who underwent a partial cystectomy to preserve sexual function. After radiotherapy for stage IB1 cervical cancer, cystectomy was indicated because of severe radiation cystitis. During this procedure we resected the upper part of the bladder followed by stripping off urothelium of the remaining bladder to spare the neurovascular bundle. Follow-up after 3 months indicated intact sexual function including orgasm. In our opinion the cystectomy procedure described in this case report is a good, novel option in women who are candidates for cystectomy because of a crippled bladder, after radiotherapy, and want to retain sexual function.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Diabetes and female sexual dysfunction: moving beyond "benign neglect".

Female sexual response is a complex, nonlinear progression from desire to arousal and orgasm. Diabetes may affect all these, but it particularly affects arousal with decreased genital sensation and lubrication. Vaginal dryness and infections may lead to dyspareunia. Predictors of sexual dysfunction in women include depression. Neither age, duration of diabetes, glycemic control, nor complications predict sexual dysfunction in women as they do in men. Objective measures of decreased genital sensation or lubrication do not correlate with a subjective sense of female sexual arousal disorder. Low androgens and possibly estrogens may be etiologic, as may numerous medications used by patients with diabetes. Practitioners should recognize the high prevalence of female sexual dysfunction (up to 50%) and potential increase, in tandem with that of diabetes. In the absence of definitive treatment evidence, psychological counseling, improvised vaginal lubricants, and low doses of estrogens or androgens have been used to relieve the personal distress of female sexual dysfunction.

Arousal↗
PubMed1981

Sexual response after hysterectomy-oophorectomy: recent studies and reconsideration of psychogenesis.

Recent studies conducted in the United Kingdom show that 33% to 46% of women report decreased sexual response after hysterectomy-oophorectomy. The prevailing theory in the United States for over 30 years in counseling women is that such decreases are infrequent and, if they do occur, are psychogenic. The postulates of the psychogenesis theory were examined and found no longer tenable in the light of current physiologic knowledge of female sexuality, which suggests that when sexual response is diminished after this surgery, hormonal changes (including ovarian androgens) and anatomic changes (removal of the cervix-uterus as a trigger for orgasm in some women) may be etiologic factors. The newer knowledge may now be utilized in counseling the one of four women who reaches menopause through surgery. In cases of decreased response, women may be helped by hormone replacement therapy and/or conjoint sex therapy.

Castration↗
PubMed1993

Sexual activities, response and satisfaction in women pre- and post-spinal cord injury.

Twenty-five spinal cord injured (SCI) women (median age = 34) completed an 80-item multiple choice questionnaire (median 50 months postinjury) that assessed sexual functioning pre-spinal cord injury and post-spinal cord injury in four areas: (1) sexual adjustment; (2) sexual activities and preferences; (3) sexual desire, arousal and satisfaction; and (4) sexual abilities. Frequency of sexual activity decreased following SCI. Intercourse was the favorite activity preinjury; whereas, kissing, hugging and touching were favored postinjury. Sexual desire and satisfaction decreased postinjury. Ability to achieve lubrication and orgasm with various types of spinal injuries is reported. Although most women did not receive sexual information or counseling, 76% of the sample believed they had been adjusting well sexually. Results are discussed accounting for the limitations of self-report methodology in sexuality research. The need for laboratory based, physiologic studies is underscored.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Sexual fantasy alternation: procedural considerations.

Leonard and Hayes (1983) reported several clinical trials of the sexual fantasy alternation procedure, a form of orgasmic reconditioning. Due apparently to unfamiliarity with several essential components of the procedure, their results were equivocal and they questioned the clinical utility of the technique. In this report the Leonard and Hayes study is evaluated on the issues of subject selection, evaluation of pre-treatment baseline data, prediction for direction and magnitude of effect, mechanisms of effect and ethical concerns. It is concluded that, if clinicians respect certain basic conventions, the sexual fantasy alternation procedure is considerably more orderly than the authors believe.

Behavior Therapy↗
PubMed1992

Functional results in young women having clitoral reconstruction as infants.

Nine young women who had clitoral recession for clitoromegaly as infants have been evaluated for anatomical appearance, psychosocial adjustment, and sexual function. Highly satisfactory anatomic results were obtained, although two patients required subsequent revision. The tested psychological parameters were essentially normal. Virtually all patients were sexually active and all but one have achieved regular painless orgasm. Surgical reconstruction has been accomplished by recessing the entire disfigured clitoris, thereby conserving all erectile tissue and preserving sensation. In addition to assessment of anatomical appearance, long-term follow-up of children with ambiguous genitalia requires regular evaluation of social, psychological, and sexual parameters.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1986

Evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in psychogenic impotence by means of logarithmic scoring.

In an attempt to develop as objective a method for the evaluation of impotence as possible, the authors assigned numerical values to four parameters considered essential to sexual function, namely, libido, erection, ejaculation, and orgasm, and used the sum totals of these scores, collected before and after initiation of therapy, as indicators of overall sexual function. Numerical values were assigned according to a logarithmic scale, in four stages from 0 to 10, i.e., 0, 1, 3, and 10; a score of 0 signified "normal" and a score of 10, "abnormal." By comparing sum totals of scores computed before and after initiation of therapy, the authors were able to evaluate therapeutic efficacy on the basis of changes in these sum totals. Using this method, the mean total score for a control group of 24 normal subjects was 1.67 +/- 0.26 (mean +/- standard error). For the test group, which consisted of 24 patients of psychogenic impotence, the mean total score prior to initiation of therapy was 16.46 +/- 3.55, an extremely high score in comparison with the control group. After four weeks of therapy, the mean total score dropped to 9.37 +/- 1.77, indicating a statistically significant (p less than 0.05) decrease over the pre-therapy mean total score.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

Influence of donor insemination on sexual functions of recipients.

This paper presents the results of an investigation by personal interviews by the author, concerning different characteristics of sexual behaviour in 156 women during the period in which donor insemination was performed. The questions concerned sexual desire, orgasm, masturbation, libido alterations during the menstrual cycle, libido of wife compared to libido of husband, influence of sex films and sex books on sexual desire. The conclusion that can be drawn from this study is that donor insemination did not disturb the sexual part of marital life in the interviewed group of women.

Female↗
PubMed1995

Heterosexual activity: relationship with ovarian function.

Previous research demonstrated a relationship between the temporal pattern of heterosexual activity and an index of ovarian functioning. In the current study, this relationship was investigated in 147 menstruating heterosexual women (aged 19-53). They kept prospective daily records of menses, basal body temperature, sexual activity, and other behaviors for three consecutive menstrual cycles. In contrast to previous findings, women with intermediate levels of sexual activity displayed more frequent optimal menstrual cycles. Pheromones, semen absorption, and orgasm-related changes were tested as mediators for a causal influence of sexual activity on ovarian functioning; none was supported. Exploratory analyses tested the hypothesis that anovulatory cycles (with presumably lower progesterone) would display more sexual activity than ovulatory cycles. This hypothesis was supported, and the difference in sexual activity was limited to the second half of the cycle, after ovulation would have occurred. Thus, the findings incorporate temporal precedence of ovulation to support the idea that physiological processes influence the level of sexual activity in heterosexual women.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Prospective study on sexual behavior of women using 30 microg ethinylestradiol and 3 mg drospirenone oral contraceptive.

The aim of the study was to determine the changes, if any, on the sexual behavior of women using an oral contraceptive containing 30 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) and 3 mg drospirenone (DRSP). Eighty healthy volunteer women (age range, 19-31 years), with regular menstrual cycle length (mean 27.6+/-3.1) and ovulation, participated in this prospective study. Sexual behavior was assessed using the self-administered Personal Experience Questionnaire, at baseline and at 3, 6 and 9 cycles of pill use. Women reported increased (i) sexual enjoyment (p < .001), (ii) orgasm frequency (p < .05) and (iii) satisfaction with sexual activity (p < .05) during all periods of pill intake with respect to baseline. Both arousal and frequency of sexual activity improved at the sixth and ninth cycle of pill use (p < .05) with respect to baseline. Moreover, women reported decreased genital pain associated with intercourse during pill intake (p < .05). Desire did not change during the use of the pill (p = NS). The mild dose of EE may have improved vaginal lubrication, sexual arousal and decreased dyspareunia. Consequently, women may have experienced increased sexual performance. In addition, improved sexual activity could have been the result of the effects of DRSP, with its antimineralocorticoid effects which could improve pill compliance, with a more satisfied sexual life.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Proposals or findings for a new approach about how to define and diagnose premature ejaculation.

PURPOSE: To review and present the proposals or findings for a new approach about how to define and diagnose premature ejaculation (PE). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Using Medline to search for international peer reviewed manuscripts published from 1996 to 2004 about the definition and diagnosis of PE. RESULTS: PE, to date, has not a universally agreed definition and diagnostic criterion. Many definitions are partial, subjective and nonspecific. An ideal definition or diagnostic criterion should consist of intravaginal ejaculatory latency time (IELT), the ability to control over ejaculation, the extent of male sexual satisfaction, the extent of female sexual satisfaction, the frequency of female sexual partner reaching orgasm and the extent of psychological and pathological factors. Therefore, the Chinese Index of Premature Ejaculation (CIPE) seems an ideal tool and criterion used to diagnose PE due to including all the elements above. In the majority of cases, PE is the result of a mix of psychogenic, physiological and organic factors. So, besides some routine tests such as urine routine test, endocrine hormone assay, psychosexual counseling, couple evaluation and physical examination, prostate examination, serum leptin assay, semen magnesium assessment and glans hypersensitivity measurement, are suggested to be performed in the diagnosis of PE. Although elucidated by two clinical trials and further confirmed, serum leptin assay seems a promising and objective marker to diagnose PE because it is related to the serotonergic system whose disorder has been confirmed to contribute to the etiology of PE. CONCLUSION: None of these definitions and diagnoses has been accepted as a universal agreement of PE. CIPE seems an ideal tool and criterion used to diagnose PE and leptin maybe become a promising and objective marker for PE.

Ejaculation↗