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At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources
PubMed2005

Simultaneous choroidal tuberculoma and epididymo-orchitis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PURPOSE: To report positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the vitreous and epididymal fluid in a patient of choroidal tuberculoma and epididymitis. DESIGN: Interventional case report. METHODS SETTING: Institutional setting. intervention: Vitreous and epididymal fluid tap subjected to PCR for primer IS 6110 sequence specific for M. tuberculosis. Purification of DNA product and sequencing on an automated DNA sequencer. Institution of antitubercular therapy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Matching of sequence with NCBI's data bank response to antitubercular therapy. RESULTS: DNA products from vitreous and epidiymal fluid matched with IS 6110 sequence of M. tuberculosis. Choroidal granuloma and epididymitis responded to antitubercular therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous choroidal tuberculoma and epididymitis resulted from an infection by M. tuberculosis, and both matched with IS 6110 sequence of M. tuberculosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Genito-urinary complications of brucellosis.

Twelve cases of genito-urinary complications of brucellosis are presented. Ten patients had epididymo-orchitis, 1 presented with right hydronephrosis and 1 with haematuria and dysuria. The 10 cases of epididymo-orchitis were compared with 15 cases of acute non-specific epididymo-orchitis. The former were of longer duration and were not associated with lower urinary tract symptoms; almost all of these patients had ingested unpasteurised milk. Non-specific epididymo-orchitis had a more acute onset, shorter duration and was associated more frequently with pyuria, lower urinary tract symptoms, higher leucocyte counts and insignificant brucella titres. The distinction between these two types of epididymo-orchitis is essential, since the treatments are entirely different.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1997

[[Brucellar orchiepididymitis with abscess].

OBJECTIVE: To emphasize the need to consider Brucella infection in patients presenting with acute scrotum of a possible inflammatory etiology, in endemic areas, as in some Spanish regions. The abscess forming type, although rare, should be considered. One such case is described herein and the literature briefly reviewed. METHODS: A male patient consulted for subacute inflammation and left testicular pain. He had systemic brucellosis four months earlier that had completely remitted following specific therapy. The patient had a physical examination, analytical, blood and urine analyses, specific serological tests and testicular ultrasound evaluation. RESULTS: Physical examination disclosed left testicular pain and inflammation suggesting epididimo-orchitis. The laboratory findings were normal except for high titles against Brucella. Ultrasound disclosed diffuse enlargement of the left testis with several well-defined hypoechoic areas. The foregoing data suggested abscess forming orchitis, although a neoplasm could not be discarded. Empirical antibiotic therapy was instituted initially and specific therapy for Brucella was administered subsequently, but unilateral orchidectomy was decided because of the poor response to therapy. Histopathological analysis of the surgical specimen disclosed acute abscess forming epididimo-orchitis with multifocal chronic granulomatous involvement. CONCLUSION: Brucella epididimo-orchitis must be considered when making the differential diagnosis in acute inflammatory scrotum, particularly in endemic areas, even in the absence of suggestive clinical and/or US findings. Necrotizing orchitis is a rare form of Brucella infection which must be distinguished from necrotizing involvement arising from other pathogens (TB or Salmonella). Above all, this condition must be distinguished from a tumor.

Abscess↗
PubMed1994

A murine model of spontaneous aspermatogenesis: linkage to H-2.

Experimental allergic orchitis is an organ-specific autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory infiltrates associated with the seminiferous tubules of the testes. Orchitis is often, but not always, accompanied by aspermatogenesis in susceptible strains of mice. In this study, various strains of H-2 congenic mice were used to examine the relationship between orchitis and aspermatogenesis, and as a result, a genetic predisposition to spontaneous aspermatogenesis has been defined. A high correlation was seen between orchitis and aspermatogenesis in B10.D2/nSnJ mice, however, the two conditions were uncorrelated in C57BL/10J mice. Subsequent analysis of C57BL/10J congenic strains showed their aspermatogenesis to be spontaneous, rather than due to either testis-specific antigen or adjuvants. Further studies using other H-2 congenic strains revealed that the aspermatogenesis seen in C57BL/10J mice is linked to H-2 and influenced by C57BL/10J background genes. Finally, spontaneous aspermatogenesis was shown not to be a function of differences in the level of testicular testosterone.

Animals↗
PubMed1997

Macrophages activated by Listeria monocytogenes induce organ-specific autoimmunity.

We have previously reported an experimental autoimmune model induced by the local infection of Listeria monocytogenes. The unilateral inoculation of virulent Listeria into a testis of a normal mouse induced a delayed-type hypersensitivity response against testicular antigen and caused autoimmune orchitis in the contralateral testis. The orchitis was transferred to naive mice by T cells from the intratesticularly infected mice. In this paper, we demonstrated that avirulent Listeria, which lacks the expression of listeriolysin O, failed to induce any anti-testicular responses or contralateral orchitis even when it was inoculated at a high dose into the testis. Furthermore, the intraperitoneal inoculation of virulent Listeria with testicular antigen induced the anti-testicular responses and orchitis although intraperitoneal inoculation of testicular antigen with avirulent Listeria failed to induce them. The difference between virulent and avirulent Listeria in the induction of anti-testicular responses was supposed to be dependent on the difference in macrophage activation by the two bacterial strains because, first, the anti-testicular responses were elicited in normal mice when macrophages from virulent Listeria-infected mice were intraperitoneally transferred with testicular antigen although no viable bacteria were detected from the macrophages, and secondly, in contrast, the intraperitoneal co-inoculation of macrophages from avirulent Listeria-infected mice and testicular antigen failed to elicit any anti-testicular responses. Finally, we found that the virulent Listeria-induced macrophages expressed a higher level of CD80 (B7-1) and CD86 (B7-2) molecules than did the avirulent Listeria-induced macrophages and naive peritoneal macrophages. These results thus suggest that virulent Listeria activates macrophages to induce autoreactive T cells while avirulent Listeria does not. The up-regulation of B7 molecules by virulent Listeria infection is a candidate of the mechanism for the activation of autoreactive T cells.

Animals↗
PubMed1999

[Recurrent orchiepididymitis, 6 months after likely miliary tuberculosis].

OBJECTIVE: To underscore the difficulty and importance of early diagnosis in tuberculous epididymo-orchitis. METHODS: Herein we describe a male patient with a history of fever for a long period, constitutional symptoms and retinal exudates that had been diagnosed and treated as systemic candidiasis instead of miliary tuberculosis. Six years later the patient presented with acute epididymo-orchitis. One year thereafter he developed contralateral epididymo-orchitis with a more torpid course. The patient did not respond to conventional treatment. Sterile pus was detected in urine; cultures and bacilli studies were negative. Testicular US findings were compatible with the condition and disclosed an abscessed area which was functioned and the diagnosis was made. RESULTS: The patient was treated with pirazinamide for two months and isoniacid and rifampicin for 12 months. However, the patient developed sterility. CONCLUSIONS: Tuberculous epididymo-orchitis can present acutely and can be confused with infection from other more common pathogens, or subacutely and confused with tumors. In many cases there is no previous patient or family history and chest x-ray, bacilloscopies and cultures can be negative. Tuberculosis must be considered due to its increasing incidence. US-guided fine needle punction-aspiration biopsy is very useful for diagnosis, which has to be made as early as possible to avoid sterility.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

[Role of the immune response in male infertility].

In guinea pigs using testis homogenate with Complete Freund's Adjuvant as antigen, a close correlation between cellular immunity (CI) and orchitis injury was found. High titres of antisperm cytophilic antibodies (ACA) were found in serum simultaneously with gonadal lesions. Cytotoxic effects of ACA were investigated using a purified eluate of the antibody from macrophage surfaces and injecting it by subalbuginea route or incubating it with germinal cells or spermatozoa. The IgG2 nature of ACA was demonstrated by immunochemical techniques. Specific studies showed that the cytotoxic effect was not due to immune complexes. Ultrastructural studies of macrophage-ACA-spermatozoa complex by scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed the different stages of ACA-mediated sperm phagocytosis. "Thermal orchitis" was developed in guinea pigs as a model to induce orchitis without adjuvant. Isolation and identification of the sequential cell populations in the granuloma showed macrophages as the main cell type. T cells were seen to increase while B cells decreased and were substituted by plasma cells. Potentiality of unilateral sperm cord torsion for autosensitization against the other gonad was studied; orchiectomy of the injured gonad prevented the orchitis lesion and avoided the immune response. Infertile men were studied immunologically. Patients with genital infection or sperm duct obstruction exhibited positive antisperm autoimmunity tests. Cl alterations were detected early and persisted for many years, while humoral antisperm antibodies were not detected during more than two years. Azoospermic patients showed autosensitization in 50% of the cases. Finally, Percoll gradients were used to isolate and identify non spermatic round cells from semen samples of asthenozoospermic men.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Bacterial infection of the testis leading to autoaggressive immunity triggers apparently opposed responses of alpha beta and gamma delta T cells.

The mechanisms that lead to the breakdown of self-tolerance and testis-specific immune reactivity in the murine orchitis model are understood only in part. We investigated the histopathologic and immunologic consequences of a unilateral bacterial (Listeria monocytogenes) infection of the testis. Both infected and contralateral sides of this bilateral organ suffered severe inflammatory responses despite a conspicuous absence of bacteria in the contralateral tissue. Also, in both testicles, T cell populations increased, involving both alpha beta and gamma delta T cell subsets. Concomitant with the bilateral orchitis, testis-specific delayed type hypersensitivity and Ab responses developed. Ab depletion experiments indicated that in this orchitis model, as in others, alpha beta T cells are initiators of the autoaggressive reactivity. In contrast, Ab depletion of gamma delta T cells accelerated the inflammatory response in both testicles, suggesting a regulatory role for this type of T cells in both infection-induced and autoimmune orchitis.

Animals↗