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PubMed1975

Sensitivity test on Neisseria meningitidis strains to antimicrobial drugs.

1. The Authors present the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of 62 Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in Northern Ghana (Bawku, Navrongo, Bolgatanga and Nalerigu) in February-March, 1973. The following antibiotics or chemotherapeutic drugs were effective in vitro: Penicillin 100%, Ampicillin 100%, Chloramphenicol 100%, Tetracycline 100%, Erythromycin 100% (Nalidixic acid 100%, Nitrofurantion 100%), and the following were less effective: Streptomycin 61.2%, Novobiocin 100% (weakly sensitive), Oleandomycin 95.1% (weakly sensitive), Septrin 87%, Sulphafurazole 91.9%, Sulphadiazine 91.9%. All the isolates were Colistin resistant. 2. The sex and age distribution of patients with positive culture for Neisseria meningitidis shows the preponderance of males over females and the dominance of the group of 5-15 years of age over the other age groups. These results are in good agreement with previous data collected in other countries of the "meningitis belt".

Adolescent↗
PubMed1995

[Biological characteristics and antibiotic sensitivity of Acinetobacter strains].

Fifty Acinetobacter strains were investigated. Their differentiation according to the species position showed that 30 strains belonged to A. calcoaceticus and 20 strains belonged to A. lwoffi. It was found that the Acinetobacter strains had multiple drug resistance. They showed 100 per cent resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, erythromycin, methicillin, oxacillin, tetracycline, oleandomycin, streptomycin, rondomycin and lincomycin. According to the results of the study the most efficient antibiotics were cefazolin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and polymyxin. The Acinetobacter hospital strains contained conjugative plasmids of different incompatibility groups. 50 per cent of the Acinetobacter strains contained conjugative R plasmids determining the resistance to streptomycin, kanamycin and tetracycline and referring to the T, J, M and N incompatibility groups. Their molecular weights were 42.0, 35.0, 30.0 and 50.0 MD respectively.

Acinetobacter↗
PubMed1977

[Puerperal mastitis].

The puerperal mastitis is a staphylococcal infection of the lactating mamma cumulating during the third and fourth week after delivery. It is seen three times as often after hospital than after house delivery, and it is also more frequent with primiparae than with multiparae. The infection is caused by bacterial hospitalism. Most commonly mamilla and milkducts are infected via the child's nasopharynx. Mastitis rarely occurs in non-nursing women. Early diagnosis before the appearance of all classical inflammatory symptoms is important, to start the treatment with antibiotics before abscess formation takes place. We mentioned Fucidine, Oleandomycin and Oxacillin as staphylococcal-effective, penicillinase-resistent antibiotics. Additionally low-dose X-ray radiation may be given. In case of abscess formation local antibiotic-instillation combined with oral antibiotic treatment should be tried before incision. It is best to incise an abscess only after is complete breakdown. Complications to be looked for are maternal sepsis and staphylococcal infection of the newborn.

Adult↗
PubMed1996

[Molecular genetic study of the strain Streptomyces virginiae-- the producer of virginiamycin].

The level and the character of the Streptomyces virginiae virginiamycin-producing strain's resistance to self-produced antibiotic and a number of antibiotics from different groups were determined. S. virginiae was shown to display constitutive and inducible resistance to self-produced antibiotic. The phenomenon of cross-inducible resistance of the strain to virginiamycin and the antibiotics erythromycin, oleandomycin, and thiostrepton was demonstrated. The pTO1 and pVGTB24 plasmids were introduced into the strain by the method of intergeneric conjugation with Escherichia coli. Site-specific integration of the pTO1 vector into the S. virginiae chromosomal attB site without disturbance of growth, differentiation, and productivity of the strain was shown. The multicopy autonomously replicating plasmids pIJ699, pIJ702, pWOR109, and the integrative pZAT22 plasmid were introduced into the strain via electrotransformation of germinating spores. The efficiency of transformation was 1-5 x 10(3) transformants per 1 microgram DNA. The stable inheritance of the plasmids in S. virginiae without structural rearrangements was shown. These results allow the use of these plasmids to clone genes into S. virginiae.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Sensitivity to antibiotics of bacteria of the genus Citrobacter isolated from patients with acute intestinal infections of unclear etiology].

Sensitivity of Citrobacter isolated from the patients with acute gastro-intestinal infections of unknown etiology in Volgograd was studied. The antibiotic sensitivity to antibiotics was determined by the method of dilution in nutrient agar. Most of the isolates were sensitive to kanamycin, tetracycline and polymyxin. All strains were resistant to ristomycin. The sensitivity of the local strains differed from that described in the literature. Among sero groups 05, 08 and 023 all strains were resistant to oleandomycin, lincomycin and ristomycin. Polyresistant strains of Citrobacter were registered in Volgograd. The greater part (79 per cent) of the strains were simultaneously resistant to 4-6 antibiotics.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed1977

[Antibiotic sensitivity of Staph. aureus strains isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of healthy carriers].

Sensitivity of 1004 cultures of Staph. aureus isolated from the upper respiratory tracts of the staff of a maternity hospital was studied by the method of serial dilutions in agar with respect to 11 antibiotics. It was found that 61.9, 39.5 and 16.5 per cent of the isolates were resistant to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline and levomycetin respectively. Most of the cultures were sensitive to streptomycin and oleandomycin. The cultures of Staph. aureus isolated from the staff were sensitive to low doses of kanamycin, oxacillin and lincomycin. Most of the isolates were inhibited only by high doses of methicillin, ampicillin, ristomycin and cephaloridin.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1977

[Drug resistance of staphylococci to chemotherapeutic preparations].

A total of 640 strains of pathogenic staphylococci isolated from patients in Kiev in 1971--1975 were studied. High percentage of strains resistant to benzylpenicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol and ampicillin was registered. Strains resistant to erythromycin and oleandomycin amounted to 34.4 and 21.5 per cent respectively. Most of the strains proved to be sensitive to neomycin, monomycin, kanamycin, methicillin, oxacillin, lincomycin,rifampicin, ceporin and novobiocin. Strains resistant to ristomycin or oxychinolinic and nitrofuranic drugs were not found among pathogenic staphylococci.

Drug Resistance, Microbial↗
PubMed1977

[Biochemical properties and antibiotic resistance of the staphylococci isolated from cows with subclinical mastitis].

A total of 33 strains of staphylococci, isolated from Black Pied cows with subclinical mastitis (conformed by the brom-thymol test), were studied to establish their biochemical properties and resistance to antibiotics as well as the occasional correlation between enzyme activity and resistance. It was found that no such dependences existed so far as the biochemical indices of the investigated strains were concerned. All strains proved strongly sensitive to chrolamphenicol, tylan, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, oleandomycin, erythromycin, ampicillin, and were resistant to tetracycline and polymixin. The resistance of staphylococci to antibodies is probably manifested in connection with some of their biochemical properties. It has been found that resistant strains of staphylococci are more active biochemically.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

[Production of a vaccine against pseudoplague in poultry using the La Sota strain].

Comparative investigations were carried out on the quality and quantity of a vaccine against Newcastle disease in birds with the La Sota strain, obtained after the routinely applied productional technology or after some of the author's modifications of the method. The addition of penicillin, kanamycin, oleandomycin or chlorocid to the virus intended for an archive showed on unfavourable effect on the development of the chick embryos used; there was no such effect on the La Sota strain multiplying in them either. The industrial production of this vaccine with the addition of the above entibiotics used either alone or in combination had favourably influenced the sterility of the virus suspension. Data showed that at to and fro moving of the embryos following infection with the virus every two hours at an angle of 150 degrees C the number of dead embryos at the 76th hour was lower. The agglutination-reaction titer was considerably higher. A proof of high immunogenicity of the vaccines obtained was also the infectious titer of the virus in 11-old chick embryos--log 10(-9), on an average. On the 11th day of incubation the embryos infected with the La Sota strain of the virus had greater amounts of alanto-amnionic fluid than those kept in the incubator and infected on the 10th day. At infecting on the 11th day of age greater amounts of virus suspension were obtained without lowering of its infectious titer; thus, its immunogenic properties remained unchanged.

Age Factors↗
PubMed1978

[Effect of Pseudomonas aeruginosa melanin on antibiotic activity].

The properties of microbial melanines are very diverse. Melanine of P. aeruginosa is little studied. The pigment was isolated from a strain of P. aeruginosa possessing all characteristic properties of the species. Interaction of P. aeruginosa melanine with various antibiotics was determined by the method of serial dilutions in beaf-peptone broth, using Staph. aureus 209 as a test-microbe, which was added to the medium in an amount of 10(6) cells to each tube. It was found that P. aeruginosa melanine differed from DOPA-melanine in a concentration of 1 mg/ml and did not change the activity of penicillin, tetracycline, oleandomycin, kanamycin and gentamicin with respect to Staph. aureus.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1963

EFFECT OF ANTIBIOTICS AND INHIBITORS ON M PROTEIN SYNTHESIS.

Brock, Thomas D. (Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio). Effect of antibiotics and inhibitors on M protein synthesis. J. Bacteriol. 85:527-531. 1963.-This work extends the observations of Fox and Krampitz on M protein synthesis in nongrowing cells of streptococci. A survey of a large number of antibiotics and other potential inhibitors was made. Some substances bring about inhibition of fermentation and inhibit M protein synthesis because they deprive the cell of the energy needed for this process. A second group of substances inhibit growth at concentrations tenfold or more lower than they inhibit M protein synthesis. These are the antibiotics which inhibit synthesis of cell wall or other structures in growing cells, but do not affect protein synthesis. A third group of substances inhibit growth and M protein synthesis at the same concentration. These substances probably inhibit growth because they inhibit general protein synthesis, and are therefore specific inhibitors of protein synthesis. In this class are chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and the tetracyclines. Several other antibiotics of previously unknown mode of action are in this class. A fourth group of substances had no effect on M protein synthesis. No substances were found which inhibited M protein synthesis at a lower concentration than that which inhibited growth. M protein synthesis in nongrowing cells may be a useful model system for obtaining a detailed understanding of protein synthesis.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1963

COMPARATIVE PHYSIOLOGY OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS.

Brown, Ruby L. (North Carolina State College, Raleigh) and James B. Evans. Comparative physiology of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus. J. Bacteriol. 85:1409-1412. 1963.-A collection of antibiotic-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from clinical sources was studied with respect to nutritional requirements and common diagnostic tests. Contrary to numerous reports in the literature indicating changes in these characteristics in antibiotic-resistant mutants, the present cultures were typical members of the taxonomic species S. aureus. They were coagulase-positive, fermented both glucose and mannitol under anaerobic conditions, produced acetoin from glucose, grew and produced black colonies on tellurite glycine agar, required both thiamine and nicotinic acid, and did not require other vitamins or purines. It is suggested that in most instances these cultures from clinical sources represent spontaneous mutants having genetic changes limited largely to loci concerned with antibiotic resistance. Most reports of extensive changes in physiology and nutritive requirements by antibiotic-resistant strains of S. aureus are based on studies of resistant strains selected after exposing a large population of the parent sensitive strain to toxic levels of antibiotics, chemical mutagens, or irradiation. Such isolates may have widespread genetic damage at other loci in addition to those concerned with their antibiotic resistance.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗