Search PubMed⌕ Search

SEARCH · Search PubMed

Results for “Natural Disaster”

Search indexed PubMed citations on genomics, clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health. Explore titles, authors and supplied subject terms, then open the PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 721 records · Page 40Linked to original sources

Emergency preparedness for hospitals. An overview.

Healthcare facilities have emergency preparedness plans (EPPs) in place to respond to both natural disasters, such as earthquakes and floods, and man-made disasters, such as terrorist acts and transportation accidents. During the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, hospitals implemented their EPPs and met the needs of injured people. Is your facility ready to handle large-scale disasters, including such events as terrorist attacks? If not, now's the time to review and update your EPP. This article provides an overview of the hospital's role in handling major disasters and a discussion of how to ensure that you have an effective EPP. It also includes a list of useful Web sites related to emergency preparedness.

Disaster Planning↗

Psychological effects of biological warfare.

We compare and contrast psychological and behavioral reactions to bioterrorism with responses to the use of traditional and chemical weapons by terrorists. We discuss the characteristics of biological agents that make them potent agents of terror. We suggest strategies for preparation and response to bioterrorism. We reviewed the literature on psychological, behavioral, and social responses to terrorism, natural disasters, and infectious disease outbreaks. The first psychiatric intervention is to ensure good medical care for illness. Initial psychosocial interventions also include effective and accurate risk communication, management of misattribution of somatic symptoms, and the creation of a recovery environment that restores effective social roles and returns people to their usual sources of social support. Bioterrorism presents special challenges for our society. Domestic bioterrorism preparedness and response plans should reflect realistic consideration of psychological, behavioral, and societal reactions to this novel weapon.

Behavior↗

Calm under pressure and fear under fire: personal experience of a medical officer.

Mass casualties during war, civil unrest, or natural disasters can generate chaos and disarray in the emergency room setting. The influx of numerous casualties in a short period of time can paralyze the medical facility and cause irreparable damage to the injured. Maintaining calm and order is very essential for triage of patients, for providing efficient and expeditious medical care, and can save many lives. Coping with fear under fire is one of the most acute problems a medical officer has to face in the battlefield. Not only does he/she have to counsel fellow soldiers, but also he/she has to deal with his/her own anxiety and fear. The following two personal experiences can serve as an instructive example of the kind of problems a medical officer has to face during war.

Emergency Service, Hospital↗

Winter storm warning! Are you ready?

All of us are at the mercy of nature. Disasters can occur quickly and without warning. Recent disasters have revealed a lack of preparedness and a need for improvement in response. No matter what the disaster may be, there are common problems in all. These include communication, water, power, supplies, transportation, and safety. The ice storm of 1998 that struck the extreme Northeast portion of New York state tested all of these areas.

Adaptation, Psychological↗

[Outbreak caused by Escherichia coli in Chalco, Mexico].

OBJECTIVE: To identify the etiologic agent responsible for a disease outbreak following an overflow of sewage water in Valle de Chalco, Mexico. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was carried out. Rectal samples were collected from the population of Chalco valley, who suffered from diarrhea and vomiting during a natural disaster that took place on May 31, 2000. The Instituto de Diagnóstico y Referencia Epidemiológicos (Epidemic Reference and Diagnosis Institute, InDRE, Ministry of Health), received 1521 rectal swab samples from diarrhea cases, to test for E. coli strains. Statistical analysis was performed to find a difference of proportions between cases and non-cases (chi-squared test). ETEC, EIEC, EPEC and EHEC pathogenic E. coli groups were hybridized by colony blot. RESULTS: Strains isolated were ETEC (62.2%), EIEC (0.84%), EPEC (0.84%), and EHEC non-O157:H7 (0.08%); there was no hybridization in 36.02% of E. coli strains. Other isolated microorganisms were Salmonella spp (0.45%) and Shigella spp (0.06%). CONCLUSIONS: Enterotoxigenic E. coli was the most likely etiologic agent. Sanitary control strategies should be targeted to preventing outbreaks caused by this pathogenic agent. The English version of this paper is available at: http://www.insp.mx/salud/index.html.

Adolescent↗

[Factors affecting age structure of skeletal populations].

Problems concerning the study of the age of a skeletal population are explored. Five factors are considered including environmental pressures, the initial age structure of the population, migration, epidemics and other natural disasters, and fertility. "The analysis has been carried out by means of the simulation method, using 3 age structures of living individuals observed several hundred years in the light of various disturbances, 6 life tables and several fertility rates. Values of expectancy of life calculated by means of the demographic method and that used in anthropology are compared." The populations considered are from Poland. (SUMMARY IN ENG)

Age Distribution↗

[Management of a cholera epidemic by a humanitarian organization].

Far from disappearing with modern progress, cholera outbreaks have never been more common than in the last decade. Because of its close relationship with poverty, malnutrition, poor access to health care, warfare, and sometimes natural disaster, cholera is a major priority for action by doctors from humanitarian organization. In this article a brief overview about cholera is followed by an account of one non-governmental organization's approach to management of a cholera outbreak. The author describe the circumstances surrounding the alert and the fact-finding mission focused on documenting the presence of an epidemic, measuring its magnitude, and predicting its outcome. The next phase of management involved response planning with development of a control strategy and raising money for intervention, which is often difficult for epidemics not reported in the media. The control modalities were then deployed in the field including assisting patient management, preventing transmission, training personnel, supervising activities, coordinating tasks performed by different actors, and finally program evaluation. This experience shows that successful cholera management programs can be conducted in a professional manner by teams composed essentially of volunteers under the supervision of a knowledgeable staff able to adapt general control techniques to the specific conditions encountered in the field.

Altruism↗

[Relations between military health services and humanitarian organizations--the point of view of the International Red Cross].

The classic definition of humanitarian action is any operation conducted for the purpose of helping to reduce human suffering. This concept can be expanded to include a notion of prevention. This expanded definition has opened a wide range of applications for humanitarian assistance. Military personnel are frequently involved in relief operations after natural disasters. Military logistic support is a key factor for coping with the massive needs of victims. However military intervention in humanitarian operations during wartime poses complex problems. The ICRC intervenes during military conflict and has, for several years, expressed its concern over the growing involvement of military forces in humanitarian operations. These considerations provide the backdrop for analysis of the relationship between Military Health Corps Services and the ICRC. The purpose of this article is to evaluate the need to make a clear-cut distinction between political and humanitarian objectives and thus between the actors associated with these goals. In this regard, the role of Military Health Corps Services will be presented in function of the principles underlying any humanitarian program. This article will also discuss areas of agreement and cooperation between the ICRC and Military Health Corps Services.

Altruism↗

Preparing for evil.

How can you plan for every crisis that might occur, even for ones you can't imagine? The task seems so daunting and so limitless that many firms don't even start. In fact, as the authors' 20 years of research shows, three out of four Fortune 500 companies are prepared to handle only the types of calamities they've already suffered, and not even all of those. That's unfortunate because the research also shows that crisis-prepared companies fare better financially, have stronger reputations, and ultimately stay in business longer than their crisis prone counterparts. Crisis-prepared companies use a systematic approach to focus their efforts. In addition to planning for natural disasters, they divide man-made calamities into two sorts--accidental or "normal" ones, like the Exxon Valdez oil spill, and deliberate or "abnormal" ones, like product tampering. Then they take steps to broaden their thinking about such potential crises. They consider threats that would be common in other industries, for instance. And they seek input from outsiders such as investigative journalists and even reformed criminals. But if these companies think broadly about possible threats, they think narrowly about implementation. Each year, smart companies focus their resources and attention on a few facilities picked at random, just as airlines conduct detailed security checks on just a few passengers for each flight. That reduces the probability of an attack on the entire organization even as it allows the business to migrate steadily to a higher level of crisis readiness. Crisis-prepared companies know that disasters cannot be managed through cost-benefit analyses. It is precisely because the effects of a disaster cannot be predicted or controlled that smart companies focus their efforts on preventing crises rather than containing them after the fact.

Commerce↗

[Treatment of visceral pathology in patients with trauma].

The problem of visceral pathology in patients with trauma that was intensively investigated by the scientists during the period of Great Patriotic War and in post-war period remains actual in our days. The purpose of investigation is to study the possibilities, peculiarities and efficiency of diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and medical examination of the casualties suffering from visceral pathology in different periods after trauma in conditions of therapeutic hospital as well as the peculiarities of their regular medical checkup at the post-hospital stage. It will allow to use more widely the therapeutic beds for the complex medical support of this patient group. 692 patients admitted in different periods after mild mechanical trauma complicated by different visceral diseases were investigated in conditions of therapeutic hospital. After the complex investigation the following conclusion was drawn: the casualties with mild closed injury complicated by visceral pathology even in the early posttraumatic period can be send to the therapeutic hospital where the adequate medical care will be rendered. It is especially important during the simultaneous mass admission of the casualties in the time of natural disaster and catastrophes, in conditions of military operations when the surgical subunits of medical evacuation stages will be full of persons who require the active resuscitation and surgical intervention. Complex medical support of the casualties with visceral changes in the late periods after trauma is the many-sided process connected with solution of therapeutic, rehabilitation, expert-and-diagnostic problems that are fully in the sphere of specialists of therapeutic institutions.

History, 20th Century↗

[Chronic psychoemotional stress and its effect on population health].

Consideration is given to the quantitative characteristics of health effects of the chronic psychoemotional stress associated with the economic and social status of one's family, and profession. The study was performed with the use of a model of decline in the human body compensatory reserve on a background of single or combined stresses. On a population scale, this can be seen in a regular growth of the death coefficient in various age groups and an increase of the mean death coefficient in regional and whole country populations. Analyzed were the psychoemotional and health implications of the level of per capita income in a family with full employment of able to work members, unemployment, some natural disasters, and type of occupation. Ageing and death coefficient trends in several regions of the country were correlated on a basis of the analysis of single and combined chronic effects of radiation, chemical pollution, altered economic and social status, and type of occupation. The author speculates on changes in morbidity, total risk of death and possible reduction of the life expectancy caused by the multitude of the above-mentioned negative factors.

Aging, Premature↗

Leading in times of trauma.

An employee is diagnosed with cancer or loses a family member unexpectedly. An earthquake destroys an entire section of a city, leaving hundreds dead, injured, or homeless. At time like these, managerial handbooks fail us. After all, leaders can't eliminate personal suffering, nor can they ask employees who are dealing with these crises to check their emotions at the door. But compassionate leadership can facilitate personal as well as organizational healing. Based on research the authors have conducted at the University of Michigan and the University of British Columbia's CompassionLab, this article describes what leaders can do to foster organizational compassion in times of trauma. They recount real-world examples, including a story of personal tragedy at Newsweek, natural disasters that affected Macy's and Malden Mills, and the events of September 11, 2001. During times of collective pain and confusion, compassionate leaders take some form of public action, however small, that is intended to ease people's pain and inspire others to act. By openly demonstrating their own humanity, executives can unleash a compassionate response throughout the whole company, increasing bonds among employees and attachments to the organization. The authors say compassionate leaders uniformly provide two things: a "context for meaning"--creating an environment in which people can freely express and discuss how they feel--and a "context for action"--creating an environment in which those who experience or witness pain can find ways to alleviate their own and others' suffering. A leader's competence in demonstrating and fostering compassion is vital, the authors conclude, to nourishing the very humanity that can make people--and organizations--great.

Disasters↗

[A systematic analysis of the Ottoman Red Crescent periodical (part I)].

Founded in 1877, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society rendered a lot of important services in military and civil areas in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society not only gave health services for the soldiers, but it also attempted to obey the international acts signed for the war captives and to rescue them together with the counties involved under the supervision of the international Red Cross. In tbe civilian area, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society also played an active role to meet the casualties' needs, such as food, clothes, and accommodation following natural disaster like earthquake, flood, fire etc. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society published a rnonthly newsletter called Osmanli Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi to announce its services more effectively to the public since 15 September 1921 (12 Muharrem 1346). The publication of the newsletter continued as Türkiye Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi after the 15th issue. Starting with the 85th issue on September 15th, 1928 (30 Rebiülevvel 1347) it was printed with Latin alphabet instead of Arabic letters. A brief translation in French and in English exist in the end of each issue.

History, 20th Century↗

[A systematic analysis of the Ottoman Red Crescent periodical (part II)].

Founded in 1877, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society rendered a lot of important services in military and civil areas in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society not only gave health services for the soldiers, but it also attempted to obey the international acts signed for the captives and to rescue them together with the countries involved under the supervision of the international Red Cross. In the civilian area, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society also played an active role to meet the casualties' needs, such as food, clothes, and accommodation following natural disasters like earthquake, flood, fire etc. Ottoman Red Crescent Society published a monthly newsletter called Osmanli Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi to announce its services more effectively to the public since 15 September 1921 (12 Muharrem 1340). The publication of the newsletter continued as Türkiye Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi after the 15th issue. Starting with the 85th issue on September 15th, 1928 (30 Rebiülevvel 1347) it was printed with Latin alphabet instead of Arabic letters. A brief translation in French and in English exist in the end of each issue. In the second part of this research, news about the Red Crescent Society's organization; financial supports for the Society and, in return, material and financial aids by she Society; local organizations providing aid to the Society; money collected during Bairams; plays and balls arranged by the Society; and the activities of the womens' branch of the Red Crescent Society, are introduced.

Disasters↗

[An efficacy study of a TPN kit with multivitamin addictive in the HPN].

When home parenteral nutrition (HPN) is instituted, one should aim at reducing the risk of infections, simplifying the operation, and improving the patient's QOL, while considering the differences between the hospital and home. As for simplification of the operation, the problem is who and when to prepare the TPN while paying attention to the stability of multivitamins. Recently, a TPN kit that includes multivitamins and does not need a syringe or an injection needle to add vitamins to the TPN preparation was launched. Accordingly, we conducted a study to examine the simplicity of the procedure and usefulness of the product on the basis of time required to add other components to the TPN preparation, as assessed by questionnaire. The subjects of the study were medical care providers as well as patients on HPN and their families. The time required for TPN admixtures was significantly shorter compared with the conventional method. According to the questionnaire, the storability and easiness of the procedure were particularly highly appreciated. This product has the advantage that sterility can be maintained at home, that contamination with foreign bodies can be reduced, and that it can be stored at room temperature. Since it can be preserved in preparation for natural disasters and can be carried around during travel, it is expected to improve the QOL of patients on HPN and their families.

Drug Storage↗

[Global consequences and control strategies of biological invasion].

Biological invasion is a worldwide ecological phenomenon, but its mechanism is still not very clear. Invasive species give impacts on native species and ecosystems through competitions, predations, changing habitats, and dispersing diseases. They pose an increasing threat to the composition and structure of natural communities across the globe. Biological invasion has been greatly damaging the ecological and evolutionary integrity of natural ecosystems, which will weaken the functions of the ecosystems and frequently cause natural disasters. A better understanding of the causes, patterns, predictability, consequences, and management options associated with this threat to biodiversity is necessary to guide managers, policy makers, researchers, and general publics. Biological invasion also causes huge economic losses, and 137 billion dollar losses per year from biological invasion were estimated in USA. Invasive diseases impair human health and kill thousands and thousands of people, and invasive bacteria lead to so serious social panic and turbulence that people could feel uneasy even when eating and sleeping. Biological invasion largely decreases global biodiversity, which will threaten the survival and development of our descendants. Three steps are used in prevention and control of biological invasions. Comprehensive quarantine is the most effective way to prevent exotic invasion by accident. Ecological evaluation and monitoring is helpful to avoid disasters from species introduction. Physical methods, chemical approaches and biological controls are used to eradicate and control the spread of invaded species. Before biological controls are chosen, risk analysis of controlling organism is needed. Ideally, there should be both pre-eradication assessment to tailor removal to avoid unwanted ecological effects and post-removal assessment of eradication effects on both the target organism and the invaded ecosystem.

Animals↗

[Genetic diversity of rare and endangered plant Sorbus amabilis].

The genetic diversity of 13 natural populations of Sorbus amabilis Cheng ex Yü from different distribution regions was investigated using RAPD. Fourteen primers were screened from 40 ten-bp arbitrary primers, and a total of 105 DNA fragments were amplified among which, 30(28.6%) were polymorphic. DNA molecular dendrograms were established for the 13 natural populations, based on UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining. The result showed that S. amabilis had a low genetic diversity, and its adaptability to environmental change was weak. The genetic diversity of S. amabilis among the 13 natural populations were primarily related to their geographic distribution. Its special evolutionary history, man-made destruction, natural disaster (fire, plant diseases and insect pests etc.) and genetic drift caused by small population were the main reasons for the low-level genetic diversity of S. amabilis and its endangered position.

DNA, Plant↗

[A systematic analysis of the Ottoman Red Crescent periodical].

Founded in 1877, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society rendered a lot of important services in military and civil areas in the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society not only gave health services for the soldiers, but it also attempted to obey the international acts signed for the war captives and to rescue them together with the countries involved under the supervision of the international Red Cross. In the civilian area, the Ottoman Red Crescent Society also played an active role to meet the casualties' needs, such as food, clothes, and accommodation following natural disasters like earthquake, flood, fire etc. The Ottoman Red Crescent Society published a monthly newsletter called Osmanli Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi to announce its services more effectively to the public since 15 September 1921 (12 Muharrem 1346). The publication of the newsletter continued as Türkiye Hilâl-i Ahmer Mecmuasi after the 15th issue. Starting with the 85th issue on September 15th, 1928 (30 Rebiülevvel 1347) it was printed with Latin alphabet instead of Arabic letters.A brief translation in French and in English exist in the end of each issue.

History, 19th Century↗