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PubMed1991

Benefits and threats of new technologies.

In this paper first the effect of new hardware and software technologies on threats to data integrity and usage integrity is considered. Next the potential is considered of new technical facilities for improving the protection. It is concluded that the increasing risks for data and usage integrity are not counter balanced at present by new protection measures. A concerted action is proposed to face this problem. Especially action is proposed to develop methods for quality assurance of software, for access control in networks and to improve data/usage integrity around PC's.

Computer Security↗
PubMed1997

Clinical applications of an ATM/Ethernet network in departments of neuroradiology and radiotherapy.

An integrated system for the multimedia management of images and clinical information has been developed at the Isituto Nazionale Neurologico C. Besta in Milan. The Institute physicians have the daily need of consulting images coming from various modalities. The high volume of archived material and the need of retrieving and displaying new and past images and clinical information has motivated the development of a Picture Archiving and Communication System (PACS) for the automatic management of images and clinical data, related not only to the Radiology Department, but also to the Radiotherapy Department for 3D virtual simulation, to remote teleconsulting, and in the following to all the wards, ambulatories and labs.

Computer Communication Networks↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Medical computing standards ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) Committee E-31. A review of published standards and current projects February, 1992.

This document describes the activities of ASTM Committee E-31 in the area of standards for computer systems in medical applications. Some of these efforts have already culminated in published standards, some are well along in the development process, and some are just getting started.

Clinical Laboratory Information Systems↗
PubMed1999

[Y2K in medical practice].

The data in computing programs could make two types of problems, functioning of medical equipment and analyses of medical datas. The first one is not use limiting problem. The troubles could be performed in calculation of pregnancy dates but the final calculation in up to medical practitioners. The former situation, analyses of medical datas, could be limited without complete and correct datas, mainly in analyses of life expectancy tables, and related fields.

Chronology as Topic↗
PubMed1998

Computer applications in dental diagnosis.

Formerly, computer applications in the dental office were restricted mainly to administration and organization. The revolutionary potential of digital applications does not halt at other fields, however. Besides applications in dental therapy, computerized methods have entered all levels of classic dental diagnosis: acquisition of findings, evaluation, and categorization. All three components have a new quality, worthy of being reevaluated if not redefined. New systems are described and evaluated in relation to relevant practice requirements, from both the practitioner's and the scientific clinician's points of view.

Databases as Topic↗
PubMed2002

[Assessment of operating theatre procedures and quality of perioperative anaesthesia using a computer system for collecting anaesthesiological data].

BACKGROUND: In order to manage the operating theatre and guarantee constant improvement in the quality of procedures, it is indispensable to be able to have available a computerised workstation to enable the team to collect data and analyse them. METHODS: We used our anaesthesia department's computer workstation to retrospectively analyse operating sessions over a 16 month period during which organisational adjustments were made to optimise patient turnover and maximise the utilisation of operating theatres. Meantime we studied and compared the trend in anaesthesiological quality through the use of certain structural, process and outcome indicators. RESULTS: During the period under study an improvement was noted in the efficiency of operating theatre procedures (reduction in entry time of the first patient into the theatre, time between one case and the next and subutilisation of the operating theatre, p<0.05). As regards data on the quality of anaesthesiological assistance to the patient, no significant differences were noted when comparing the four periods examined. CONCLUSIONS: To make the operating complex work more efficiently, it is necessary to have available a computer system that makes it possible to continuously monitor theatre operation. The improvement initiatives undertaken led to a more effective utilisation of the operating theatre but did not produce a significant increase in productivity. In spite of the increased work load, analysis of the trend in quality indicators as regards anaesthesiological procedures did not reveal any modification.

Anesthesia↗
PubMed2002

Technology integration: a journey, not a destination.

This article discusses the integration of the latest technologies into the dental practice. Given the rapid rate of obsolescence in computer hardware, clinicians need to look to practice-management software to build the foundation for incorporating all future applications into a smoothly running operation. Combined, the core components of the clinical dental record, digital radiography, intraoral and digital cameras, and cosmetic imaging create an integrated dental image-management system that is becoming a critical factor in how we communicate with our patients and with each other.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1992

Update in biomedical visualization: the professional communicator's role.

Health science communications professionals span a broad range of disciplines, each bringing a distinctly different focus and set of cognitive skills to bear upon information technologies. Nowhere is this more apparent than in biocommunications service units and academic programs. Until now, most faculty from visually-based disciplines were rarely required to generate research or project contracts. This is changing; new demands are being made for allied health faculty to obtain research grants and for academic health science centers to forge ventures with the private sector. Visualization in scientific computing offers new avenues for these activities.

Communication↗
PubMed2003

Programming secure mobile agents in healthcare environments using role-based permissions.

The healthcare environment consists of vast amounts of dynamic and unstructured information, distributed over a large number of information systems. Mobile agent technology is having an ever-growing impact on the delivery of medical information. It supports acquiring and manipulating information distributed in a large number of information systems. Moreover is suitable for the computer untrained medical stuff. But the introduction of mobile agents generates advanced threads to the sensitive healthcare information, unless the proper countermeasures are taken. By applying the role-based approach to the authorization problem, we ease the sharing of information between hospital information systems and we reduce the administering part. The different initiative of the agent's migration method, results in different methods of assigning roles to the agent.

Access to Information↗
PubMed2003

Swedish experience in secure health telematics applications.

In the paper, some common questions and parallel development of ICT for eGovernment and eHealth in Sweden are discussed. In that context, front office and back office are two areas of information security development. Furthermore, information will be provided on "Catch 22" getting means for eIdentification and eSignature out to a large part of the population. Thereby, the catch of how to use a Government procurement of eIdentification and eSignature must be solved. The paper evaluates the lessons learned and current situation in Sweden for eServices, certificates and smart cards.

Computer Security↗
PubMed2004

Advances in biomedical image analysis--past, present and future challenges.

Starting from raw data files coding eight bits of gray values per image pixel and identified with no more than eight characters to refer to the patient, the study, and technical parameters of the imaging modality, biomedical imaging has undergone manifold and rapid developments. Today, rather complex protocols such as Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) are used to handle medical images. Most restrictions to image formation, visualization, storage and transfer have basically been solved and image interpretation now sets the focus of research. Currently, a method-driven modeling approach dominates the field of biomedical image processing, as algorithms for registration, segmentation, classification and measurements are developed on a methodological level. However, a further metamorphosis of paradigms has already started. The future of medical image processing is seen in task-oriented solutions integrated into diagnosis, intervention planning, therapy and follow-up studies. This alteration of paradigms is also reflected in the literature. As German activities are strongly tied to the international research, this change of paradigm is demonstrated by selected papers from the German annual workshop on medical image processing collected in this special issue.

Electronic Data Processing↗
PubMed2004

Intensity-based image registration with a guaranteed one-to-one point match.

OBJECTIVES: In this paper, we propose a novel registration technique, which combines the concepts of landmark and automatic, non-rigid intensity-based approaches. A general framework, which might be used for many different registration problems is presented. The novel approach enables the incorporation of different distance measures as well as different smoothers. METHODS: The proposed scheme minimizes a regularized distance measure subject to some interpolation constraints. The desired deformation is computed iteratively using an Euler-scheme for the first variation of the chosen objective functional. RESULTS: A fast and robust numerical scheme for the computation of the wanted minimizer is developed, implemented, and applied to various registration tasks. This includes the registration of pre- and post-intervention images of the human eye. CONCLUSIONS: A novel framework for a parameter-free, non-rigid registration scheme which allows for the additional incorporation of user-defined landmarks is proposed. It enhances the reliability of conventional approaches considerably and thereby their acceptability by practitioners in a clinical environment.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of computer-assisted image enhancement in minimal invasive endoscopic surgery.

OBJECTIVES: This paper focuses on the evaluation of the usage of computer-aided image processing methods for minimal invasive surgery. During video endoscopy of visceral cavities the images are displayed directly on the monitor without further processing. In the course of the operation the former good quality of the images decreases due to typical disturbances like bleeding, smoke or flying particles. These disturbances can be reduced by using image processing methods like color normalization, temporal filtering or equalization. METHODS: In this double-blinded analysis, 14 surgeons with different levels of experience evaluated 120 image pairs and 5 image sequences, directly comparing original and processed images or movies. RESULTS: Color normalization and equalization proved to significantly enhance video endoscopic images. With regard to temporal filtering, an improvement could be seen in the image sequences with filter size 5 being a greater enhancement than filter size 3. Comparing the state of experience and its influence on the results, it occurred that the experienced surgeons preferred the original color while altogether agreeing that the color-normalized images were better. CONCLUSIONS: The results obtained in the present evaluation show that the image processing methods which were used can significantly improve the quality of video endoscopic images. As a result of this, necessary lavages of the operated area are reduced and a better overview and orientation for the surgeon can be reached.

Humans↗
PubMed2005

[Advances of research on medical image fusion].

This paper analyzes the present situation and focuses of medical image fusion and especially places emphasis on the developing trend of intelligent image fusion and comachine image fusion technologies.

Diagnostic Imaging↗
PubMed2005

[Advances in medical image registration based on mutual information].

The matching algorithm based on mutual information, which has the advantages of high speed, good automation and superion accuracy, is widely used in medical image registration. In this paper are presented the basic conception of mutual information, the transform model, the insert value algorithm, the optimization algorithm and the strategy in computing mutual information. Furthermore, we introduce some efficient methods for solving the problems in registration technique based on mutual information, and look forward to the future research work.

Algorithms↗